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The goals of minimizing emissions and lowering operating costs by monitoring and controlling fuel efficiency have been a growing concern in the mining and construction industries. The largest single contributor of energy consumption in an open pit mining operation is haul trucks. At Goldstrike Mine, haul trucks accounted for approximately 67% of fuel used in 2010. By examining haul trucks in their operating environment, strategic changes in critical parts of the truck cycles can result in fuel savings. This project was a subproject of the Mine Traffic Optimization (MTO) project and is funded by MITACS and Barrick Gold Corporation. One objective of the MTO project was to examine how mine traffic affects fuel efficiency. Certain components of the haulage profile result in inefficient use of fuel, which results in increased operating costs and a larger environmental footprint. Monitoring the trucks in real time allows for the examination of various ways to modify truck’s behaviours in order to improve fuel efficiency. One critical component of the haulage cycle is intersections. An analysis was performed to gain a better understanding of efficient intersection layouts and travel speeds. Cycle time analysis was conducted to ensure that alterations to the haulage cycle would result in minimal impact to the overall productivity of the mine. Modifications to operating practices and simple coding changes to the dispatching program suggest possibilities for potential fuel savings, reduced mechanical degradation, and improved operation efficiency. / Thesis (Master, Mining Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2013-09-30 19:22:29.328

Abstract PO2 DEPENDENCE OF OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN SKELETAL MUSCLE OF DIABETIC AND NON-DIABETIC RATS By: Alexander C. Liles A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at the Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2017 Advisor: Roland N. Pittman, Ph.D. Department of Physiology and Biophysics Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major medical problem around the world, affecting nearly 6% of the world’s population. This study was an attempt to better understand physiological changes the disease may cause to the microcirculation and more specifically, to assess the dependence of oxygen consumption in skeletal muscle of a diabetic animal model. The spinotrapezius muscles of Goto-Kakizaki (G-K) and Wistar control rats were used to measure interstitial using phosphorescence quenching microscopy. The G-K rats spontaneously develop T2DM and serve as an appropriate model for the disease in humans. By rapidly arresting blood flow in the tissue and observing the resulting changes, an oxygen disappearance curve (ODC) was created. The ODC was used to calculate oxygen consumption rate (VO2) over the physiological range of PO2 values. The resulting VO2 vs PO2 curves were analyzed using Hill’s equation to fit the data and obtain values of several key parameters to quantitatively describe the PO2 dependence of oxygen consumption. When compared to healthy control rats, the G-K rats exhibited a significantly higher Vmax, or maximum rate of oxygen consumption, compared to the Wistar rats. The two rat sub-strains had similar values for P50, which indicates the PO2 at half maximal consumption. The overall higher maximal rate of consumption by the diseased animals could be explained by some disconnect in the consumption of oxygen by the mitochondria and the normal corresponding production of ATP. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that in situ muscle tissue from both diabetic and non-diabetic rats had a PO2 dependence of oxygen consumption over a wide range of PO2 values and the muscles of diabetic animals consumed oxygen at a higher maximal rate.

Summary This chapter brings to a conclusion the main issues that have been raised in the book and provides some ideas on the type of policies that are needed to enhance land-based livelihoods in the Eastern Cape Province and possibly elsewhere in South Africa. In our opinion the key objective of agrarian policy should be the facilitation of a process that can be labelled as repeasantisation (chapter 1). The empirical material in this book shows that there are still remnants of a peasantry in both villages, albeit few and limited in extent. By examining these we simultaneously explored what constitutes the agrarian in contemporary rural villages such as Guquka and Koloni. The evidence presented indicates a long process of retreat of the agrarian in the rural central Eastern Cape province. Critical examination of past and contemporary interventions in these rural areas, such as betterment planning and land and agrarian reform initiatives, raises questions about the role of expert knowledge in rural and agrarian development in South Africa. There are elements of continuity in the approach being used, leading to the conclusion that alternative expert curricula in agriculture and rural development are needed.

Communities and their specific consumptions is a fundamental subject to understand our world which is, most of the time, different from what we already know. In a period of globalization and of profound changes in human relations, it is important to understand other cultures, other spiritualities and other conceptions of life. Marc Aurelius said “We are the other of the other”, which means that our conception of the world is not the right answer, but one of the possible answers. This research studies the relation between the consumption and community. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the key elements that influence the consumption of an individual within a community, the impact of the community members on the community consumption behaviour, and how industries and professionals could answer to the community needs in terms of products and services. In addition, we have made a focus on the influence of a specific member of a community: the leader. To be more precise, the research fulfils different objectives which are: first, to review and identify key principles of communities, from existing literature; second, to adopt a 360° study method which allows us to have an overview of our problem by collecting data from different actors of the subject (Opinion leaders, professionals and customers); The literature review and this qualitative data collection helped us to identify the key elements which lead and determine the relation between consumption and communities. With this purpose in mind, we were motivated to collect qualitative primary data through an interpretivism paradigm. We conducted semi-structured interviews with open questions with selected participants who have a key role in the community. The main objective of the interviews was to gain a comprehensive and reliable perception of the situation from different key points of view. Our main goal is to identify what are the key elements in the relation between communities and consumption. On this road, we also wanted to know why a community is tightening on its practices and if their consumption may attract non-members of the community.

Adult chickens employ endothermy – internal generation of heat that maintains a constant body temperature (Tb). Prior to hatching, chicken embryos are ectothermic - controlling Tb by external heat sources. Upon hatching, the hatchling transitions from an ectotherm to an endotherm that has been shown to be delayed by hypoxia. In this study, whole animal oxygen consumption () and liver, heart, and skeletal muscle citrate synthase activity (CSA) and were measured during this transition to endothermy in chickens incubated in normoxia and hypoxia (15% O2). The only significant differences in occurred in 48 hour old hatchlings where was lower in normoxic hatchlings. There were no differences in CS activity between age and incubation oxygen levels. Additionally, preliminary 2-D protein gels of embryo and hatchling liver show changes in the proteome upon hatching. Results suggest that hypoxia had no significant effect on CSA and a minimal effect on .

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Childhood obesity rates in the U.S. are increasing. Increasing intake of fruits and vegetables is one method to combat obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine a tiered approach to fruit and vegetable consumption with 26 children in an inclusive preschool. The first tier included ongoing availability and opportunity to eat fruits and vegetables (exposure). The second tier included programmed consequences (a reward system). A multiple baseline across children and classrooms was used to evaluate the effect of the interventions. The tier one intervention was effective for nine children and tier two was effective for six children. Eleven children, however, did not respond to either condition. Results are discussed in the context of previous research and tertiary interventions.

Thesis advisor: Juliet B. Schor / Thesis advisor: Danielle Hedegard / To date, consumption and culture scholars have not considered the impact of occupations that require workers to perform the desire for an elite, moneyed lifestyle through conspicuous consumption. I use participant observation and interviews among a lifestyle brand's producers and consumers to address this fissure. The analysis considers the lifestyle clothing brand Island Outfitters as it is created for and employed by the young male finance community aspiring to the top 1% of wage earners on Wall Street. I document how this brand is both created and consumed cynically by the cultural intermediaries responsible for its formation and the status-savvy consumers who perform loyalty to its goals of affluence. The argument is set in a homogenous high-status American occupational group within which many of the preconditions that motivate conspicuous consumption in a traditionally Veblenian sense still exist. The lived experiences of these workers are far more nuanced than this utilitarian goal suggests, yet informants express their complicity with the profit prescriptive by employing recognizable aesthetic scripts that are read for whiteness, conservatism, and wealth. Because it is too problematic for these young men to embody the goals of global finance in their everyday decisions, they texturize their professional identities with textiles. / Thesis (MA) — Boston College, 2012. / Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology.