• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Embedded in a context : the adaptation of immigrant youth

Svensson, Ylva January 2012 (has links)
With rising levels of immigration comes a need to know what fosters positive adaptation for the youth growing up in a new culture of settlement.The issue is increasingly studied; however, little of the research conducted has combined a developmental with a contextual approach. The aim of this dissertation was to explore the adaptation of immigrant youth on the basis of developmental theories and models which put emphasis on setting or contextual conditions. This entailed viewing immigrant youths as developing organisms that actively interact with their environments. Further, immigrant youths were seen as embedded in multiple settings, at different levels and with different contextual features. Two of the overall research questions addressed how contextual features of the settings in which the youth are embedded were related to adaptation. Results from all three studies combined to show that the contextual feature of a setting is not of prime or sole importance for the adaptation of immigrant youth, and that the contextual feature of SES diversity is of greater importance than theethnic compositions of settings. The next two overall research questions addressed how the linkage between settings was related to adaptation. The results indicated that adaptation is not always setting specific and that what is happening in one setting can be related to adaptation in anothersetting. Further, it was found that the cultural distance between settings is related to adaption, but that contextual factors affect this relationship. Overall, the results of the dissertation suggests that the adaptation of immigrant youth is a complex matter that is explained better by interaction and indirect effects than by main and direct effects. This highlights the importance of taking all settings in which the immigrant youths are embedded into account and to account for how the settings interact to understand the factors that foster and hinder positive adaptation of immigrant youth. / <p>The article "Homophily in friendship networks of immigrant and nonimmigrantyouth: Does context matter?" in the list of studies is published electronically as "Peer selection and influence of delinquent behavior of immigrant and nonimmigrant youths: does context matter?"</p>
2

Segmentation d'image par intégration itérative de connaissances / Image segmentation by iterative knowledge integration

Chaibou salaou, Mahaman Sani 02 July 2019 (has links)
Le traitement d’images est un axe de recherche très actif depuis des années. L’interprétation des images constitue une de ses branches les plus importantes de par ses applications socio-économiques et scientifiques. Cependant cette interprétation, comme la plupart des processus de traitements d’images, nécessite une phase de segmentation pour délimiter les régions à analyser. En fait l’interprétation est un traitement qui permet de donner un sens aux régions détectées par la phase de segmentation. Ainsi, la phase d’interprétation ne pourra analyser que les régions détectées lors de la segmentation. Bien que l’objectif de l’interprétation automatique soit d’avoir le même résultat qu’une interprétation humaine, la logique des techniques classiques de ce domaine ne marie pas celle de l’interprétation humaine. La majorité des approches classiques d’interprétation d’images séparent la phase de segmentation et celle de l’interprétation. Les images sont d’abord segmentées puis les régions détectées sont interprétées. En plus, au niveau de la segmentation les techniques classiques parcourent les images de manière séquentielle, dans l’ordre de stockage des pixels. Ce parcours ne reflète pas nécessairement le parcours de l’expert humain lors de son exploration de l’image. En effet ce dernier commence le plus souvent par balayer l’image à la recherche d’éventuelles zones d’intérêts. Dans le cas échéant, il analyse les zones potentielles sous trois niveaux de vue pour essayer de reconnaitre de quel objet s’agit-il. Premièrement, il analyse la zone en se basant sur ses caractéristiques physiques. Ensuite il considère les zones avoisinantes de celle-ci et enfin il zoome sur toute l’image afin d’avoir une vue complète tout en considérant les informations locales à la zone et celles de ses voisines. Pendant son exploration, l’expert, en plus des informations directement obtenues sur les caractéristiques physiques de l’image, fait appel à plusieurs sources d’informations qu’il fusionne pour interpréter l’image. Ces sources peuvent inclure les connaissent acquises grâce à son expérience professionnelle, les contraintes existantes entre les objets de ce type d’images, etc. L’idée de l’approche présentée ici est que simuler l’activité visuelle de l’expert permettrait une meilleure compatibilité entre les résultats de l’interprétation et ceux de l’expert. Ainsi nous retenons de cette analyse trois aspects importants du processus d’interprétation d’image que nous allons modéliser dans l’approche proposée dans ce travail : 1. Le processus de segmentation n’est pas nécessairement séquentiel comme la plus part des techniques de segmentations qu’on rencontre, mais plutôt une suite de décisions pouvant remettre en cause leurs prédécesseurs. L’essentiel étant à la fin d’avoir la meilleure classification des régions. L’interprétation ne doit pas être limitée par la segmentation. 2. Le processus de caractérisation d’une zone d’intérêt n’est pas strictement monotone i.e. que l’expert peut aller d’une vue centrée sur la zone à vue plus large incluant ses voisines pour ensuite retourner vers la vue contenant uniquement la zone et vice-versa. 3. Lors de la décision plusieurs sources d’informations sont sollicitées et fusionnées pour une meilleure certitude. La modélisation proposée de ces trois niveaux met particulièrement l’accent sur les connaissances utilisées et le raisonnement qui mène à la segmentation des images. / Image processing has been a very active area of research for years. The interpretation of images is one of its most important branches because of its socio-economic and scientific applications. However, the interpretation, like most image processing processes, requires a segmentation phase to delimit the regions to be analyzed. In fact, interpretation is a process that gives meaning to the regions detected by the segmentation phase. Thus, the interpretation phase can only analyze the regions detected during the segmentation. Although the ultimate objective of automatic interpretation is to produce the same result as a human, the logic of classical techniques in this field does not marry that of human interpretation. Most conventional approaches to this task separate the segmentation phase from the interpretation phase. The images are first segmented and then the detected regions are interpreted. In addition, conventional techniques of segmentation scan images sequentially, in the order of pixels appearance. This way does not necessarily reflect the way of the expert during the image exploration. Indeed, a human usually starts by scanning the image for possible region of interest. When he finds a potential area, he analyzes it under three view points trying to recognize what object it is. First, he analyzes the area based on its physical characteristics. Then he considers the region's surrounding areas and finally he zooms in on the whole image in order to have a wider view while considering the information local to the region and those of its neighbors. In addition to information directly gathered from the physical characteristics of the image, the expert uses several sources of information that he merges to interpret the image. These sources include knowledge acquired through professional experience, existing constraints between objects from the images, and so on.The idea of the proposed approach, in this manuscript, is that simulating the visual activity of the expert would allow a better compatibility between the results of the interpretation and those ofthe expert. We retain from the analysis of the expert's behavior three important aspects of the image interpretation process that we will model in this work: 1. Unlike what most of the segmentation techniques suggest, the segmentation process is not necessarily sequential, but rather a series of decisions that each one may question the results of its predecessors. The main objective is to produce the best possible regions classification. 2. The process of characterizing an area of interest is not a one way process i.e. the expert can go from a local view restricted to the region of interest to a wider view of the area, including its neighbors and vice versa. 3. Several information sources are gathered and merged for a better certainty, during the decision of region characterisation. The proposed model of these three levels places particular emphasis on the knowledge used and the reasoning behind image segmentation.

Page generated in 0.0873 seconds