Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Food Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-190).

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The use of polysaccharides as building blocks in the development of drugs and contrast agents delivery systems is rapidly growing. This can be attributed to the outstanding virtues of polysaccharides such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, upgradability, multiple reacting groups and low cost. The focus of this thesis was to develop and characterize novel starch based hydrogels and nanoparticles for delivery of drugs and imaging agents. To this end, two different systems were developed. The first system includes polymer and nanoparticles prepared by graft polymerization of polymethacrylic acid and polysorbate 80 onto starch. This starch based platform nanotechnology was developed using the design principles based on the pathophysiology of breast cancer, with applications in both medical imaging and breast cancer chemotherapy. The nanoparticles exhibited a high degree of doxorubicin loading as well as sustained pH dependent release of the drug. The drug loaded nanoparticles were significantly more effective against multidrug resistant human breast cancer cells compared to free doxorubicin. Systemic administration of the starch based nanoparticles co-loaded with doxorubicin and a near infrared fluorescent probe allowed for non-invasive real time monitoring of the nanoparticles biodistribution, tumor accumulation, and clearance. Systemic administration of the clinically relevant doses of the drug loaded particles to a mouse model of breast cancer significantly enhanced therapeutic efficacy while minimizing side effects compared to free doxorubicin. A novel, starch based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent with good in vitro and in vivo tolerability was formulated which exhibited superior signal enhancement in tumor and vasculature. The second system is a co-polymeric hydrogel of starch and xanthan gum with adjustable swelling and permeation properties. The hydrogels exhibited excellent film forming capability, and appeared to be particularly useful in controlled delivery applications of larger molecular size compounds. The starch based hydrogels, polymers and nanoparticles developed in this work have shown great potentials for controlled drug delivery and biomedical imaging applications.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Food Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-130).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 220 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 202-220). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1987. / Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 159-183).

The therapeutic effect of pulmonary drug delivery systems is limited by its rapid clearance from the lungs by robust clearance mechanisms. By controlling the release of drugs, the therapeutic effect of pulmonary drug delivery systems, as well as patient convenience and compliance could be improved by reducing the number of times drugs need to be administered. In this study, two controlled pulmonary drug delivery systems for drugs of different solubilities were investigated and they were characterised for their viability as effective controlled release pulmonary drug delivery systems, particularly in areas of aerosol performance and dissolution profile. A hybrid protein-polymer controlled release pulmonary drug delivery system was developed to sustain the release of a water-soluble anti-asthma drug, cromolyn sodium (CS). Two excipients with complementary characteristics – a protein, bovine serum albumin, and a polymer, polyvinyl alcohol – were formulated together with CS via co-spray drying, with varying protein-polymer ratios and drug loadings. The hybrid particles showed promise in combining the positive attributes of each excipient, with respirable particles shown to sustain the release of CS with a fine particle fraction of 30%. Combining the two excipients was complex, with further optimisation of the hybrid formulations possible. A commercially available polymer, Soluplus® was spray-dried with a poorly-water soluble corticosteroid, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP). The resultant respirable powders were shown to have potential for use as a controlled release pulmonary drug delivery system with up to 7-fold improvement in the amount of BDP released compared to spray-dried BDP. The spray-dried BDP-Soluplus® powders were found to be amorphous, and physically stable against re-crystallisation for up to 9 months at accelerated stress test conditions with drug loadings of up to 15 % (w/w). Although it provided a platform to compare between formulations, the USP 4 flow-through cell dissolution apparatus was found to be inadequate to accurately study the dissolution profiles of the pulmonary drug delivery systems due to the formation of a gel in the apparatus. Preliminary work on the use of a novel technique to predict the crystallisation of amorphous formulations with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy was also conducted. The system confirmed the re-crystallisation tendencies of several hybrid CS/BSA/PVA formulations. Modification to the experimental setup to probe the formulations at different relative humidities instead of temperatures could yield improved results.

No / Glass-ionomer cements (GICs) have been widely used for over forty years, because of their desirable properties in dentistry. The most important advantages of the GICs are associated with their ability to release long-term antimicrobial agents. However, GICs used as restorative materials have still lots of challenges due to their secondary caries and low mechanical properties. Recent studies showed that the fluoride-releasing activity of conventional GICs is inadequate for effectual antibacterial conservation in many cases. Therefore, many efforts have been proposed to modify the antibacterial features of GICs in order to prevent the secondary caries. Particularly, for achieving this goal GICs were incorporated into various biomaterials possessing antibacterial activities. The scope of this review is to assess systematically the extant researches addressing the antibacterial modifications in GICs in order to provide with an authoritative, at the same time in-depth understanding of controlled antibacterial release in this class of biomaterials. It also gives a whole perspective on the future developments of GICs and challenges related to antibacterial GICs.