Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington. / Bibliography: L. [533]-541.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.)-- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Politics, 1978.

No description available.

This thesis has used family reconstitution techniques in order to analyse kinship patterns for the Bodmin Moor parishes of St Neot and Bolventor in Cornwall. A kinship database of more than 13,000 individuals was created and kinship links between households in 1793, 1851 and 1911 were then measured. The results revealed the persistence of dense kinship networks that were very different from those found in English studies, and similar to those found in Wales and Brittany. Twelve factors were identified that contributed to the creation and persistence of high kinship densities. However, the principal underlying reason was the remarkably consistent spatial pattern of Cornish rural society. St Neot and Bolventor, with their structures of hamlets and small, isolated farm settlements, matched the pattern found across most of Cornwall. It was a structure that enabled people to find both marriage partners and employment in close proximity to their places of birth. Kinship densities were reinforced by remnants of ancient Cornish manorial systems that survived until the end of the eighteenth century, and then by the ultra-local structures of Methodism in the following century. The latter grew at the same time as the rapid expansion in copper mining. Surprisingly, migrating miners from mid and west Cornwall were also found to have dense local kinship networks. Enclosure also reinforced kinship patterns because of the security of tenure offered to occupiers of the newly created moorland farms, and also because the spatial pattern of settlements repeated the structure of lowland communities enclosed in the medieval period. The collapse in mining and the greater general mobility of the population did result in a weakening of kinship densities towards the end of the nineteenth century. Despite this, first-order kinship links at the beginning of the twentieth century remained higher than for any comparable study of modern or early modern agricultural or mining communities in England, yet remarkably similar to those in Wales. This shared Welsh and Cornish kinship culture provides fresh evidence, along with other factors such as religious experience and a Brittonic language heritage, to support a Celtic narrative for Cornwall that is perhaps more comprehensive and enduring than has sometimes been supposed.

The distinctiveness of folk music and dance traditions in Cornwall is at best ignored and at worst denied by the wider British folk movement. Within Cornwall itself, traditional music and dance is not widely recognised as a serious art form. This study challenges this position by arguing that failure to recognise Cornwall’s folk tradition as a distinctive and creative art form is due to hegemonic power relations not the intrinsic nature of Cornish material. It contributes to the debate about the distinctiveness of Cornwall’s historical and cultural identity and shows that folk tradition has an important place in contemporary Cornish studies. This study examines the evolution of folk tradition in Cornwall from the early nineteenth century through to the present day, the meanings ascribed to it and the relationship with Cornish identity. The subject matter is at once arcane and commonplace, for some it is full of mystery and symbolism for others it is just “party time”. It is about what people do and what they think about what they do in relation to the wide spectrum of activities associated with traditional music and dance. These activities range from informal singing sessions and barn dances to ritual customs that mark the turning of the year. In order to establish a research methodology this study draws upon the paradigms of memory, oral history and discursivity. These paradigms provide a range of insights into, and alternative views of, both folk tradition and identity. Action research provides a useful enquiry tool as it binds these elements together and offers a working ethos for this study. Using this model a complex and dynamic process is unveiled within folk tradition that offers a quite different perspective on its relationship with identity and brings into question popular stereotypes.

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Aim: to characterise the surface sites present on unrefined and ball milled Cornish kaolin, with a view to ultimately determining the mode of interaction between the mineral and industrially significant organic molecules. Milling and temperature were found to affect the structure of kaolin and types of surface sites present. These changes were monitored primarily by variable temperature diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (VT DRIFTS) and other complementary techniques including XRD and TGA. Curve fitting of the VT DRIFT spectra was used to aid characterisation of the types of water present on the mineral surface. The diagnostic probe molecule pyridine was used to identify the changes in reactive acid sites present as temperature increased both before and after milling, and oleic acid was used as a representative adsorbate to analyse the effects of carboxylic acid treatment. As ball milling time increased, so did the kaolin agglomerate size and the amount of surface sorbed water. The types of water present on the surface of unrefined and ball milled Cornish kaolin have been characterised, and grouped into four main types -strongly hydrogen bonded, moderately strongly hydrogen bonded, weakly hydrogen bonded and very weakly hydrogen bonded. The different water environments were observed using DRIFTS in the bending and stretching regions of the spectrum. Changes in the stretching region were generally less distinct, since the bands were broader than in the bending region. However, changes in both regions were elucidated by curve fitting of the VT DRIFT spectra, and certain bands appeared to have similar thermal behaviour. Freshly milled samples had a greater proportion of strongly hydrogen bonded water compared with the other, more weakly bonded types. Aged samples had less total surface sorbed water, and relatively less strongly hydrogen bonded water compared with the more weakly bonded species. Pyridine displaced the more strongly hydrogen bonded water (an effect similar to ageing). A dehydrated halloysite impurity was found which intercalated pyridine. VT XRD showed that deintercalation occurred at c 100 °C. The hydrogen bonding nature of the halloysite-pyridine interactions became less pronounced as milling increased. Pyridine adsorption to kaolin was via Bronsted sites in the unmilled kaolin. As milling time increased the mineral surface took on Lewis acid character and less hydrogen bonding occurred. Bronsted associations were present in all the milled (and unmilled) samples and became more significant as milling time increased (as more surface water was present). In addition to the intercalation reaction between halloysite and pyridine, this probe molecule is likely to bind to exposed (broken) edge sites on kaolin and/or halloysite, or to sorb between the slightly expanded mineral layers at the edges of the mineral stacks. Oleic acid adsorption onto kaolin at pH 3, was via surface adsorption of monodentate. Acid precipitate was loosely associated with the surface via hydrocarbon chain interactions with the adsorbed salt. At pH 9, total surface adsorption was low. Adsorbed species were monodentate in character. Mono- and dioleate were present as loosely bound surface precipitates. At pH 12 the salt was associated with the surface in the bridged bidentate form. Adsorption was high due to hydrocarbon chain associations with micelles, containing some trapped acid species. The precipitate at pH 12 was strongly held, and there was no significant reduction in intensity after washing.

The 19th century is recognised as a period of mass emigration from Cornwall, with a significant proportion of the male population leaving to work overseas, mainly in the mining industry. Less appreciated is that many of these migrants were married men who left wives and children behind in Cornwall. This study seeks to shed some light on the experiences of these women, known as 'married widows'. It adopts a multi-faceted approach, which draws upon crowd-sourcing and digital resources, in combination with more traditional methodologies. Scattered and fragmentary qualitative evidence (drawn from correspondence, newspapers, remittance and poor law records, supplemented by personal testimony recorded in family histories) is examined within a quantitative framework produced by an innovative database created from census records and a longitudinal study of outcomes. This thesis describes how tens of thousands of wives were 'left behind' in the mining communities of Cornwall, and the wide range of resources they drew upon in the absence of their husbands. It examines the interaction between the wives and the State in the form of the Poor Law and the Courts, identifying a pragmatic response to the needs of the emerging transnational nuclear family. Male migration from Cornwall is revealed to vary widely in type, intent and duration, leading to great diversity of experiences and outcomes for the wives 'left behind'. The establishment of temporary male labour emigration from the Cornish mining communities is shown to have occurred earlier than in many other emigration centres, creating greater potential for cultural acclimatisation to the challenges of spousal separation. The findings of this study challenge existing, generalised, perceptions of the wives as passive victims in the Cornish emigration story. Levels of destitution or desertion appear low compared to the scale of the phenomenon, and wives are shown as active participants and influential voices in family strategies. Nonetheless, this study highlights the vulnerability and greater risks faced by the wives 'left behind', and identifies financial and emotional insecurity as common elements of their experience. This thesis demonstrates a methodology and reveals insights that might be applied to the study of wives 'left behind' in other parts of the British Isles, and a comparator for existing studies of those elsewhere in the world.