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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
411

Méthodes itératives de reconstruction tomographique pour la réduction des artefacts métalliques et de la dose en imagerie dentaire / Iterative reconstruction methods for the reduction of metal artifact and dose in dental CT

Chen, Long 05 February 2015 (has links)
Cette thèse est constituée de deux principaux axes de recherche portant sur l'imagerie dentaire par la tomographie à rayons X : le développement de nouvelles méthodes itératives de reconstruction tomographique afin de réduire les artefacts métalliques et la réduction de la dose délivrée au patient. Afin de réduire les artefacts métalliques, nous prendrons en compte le durcissement du spectre des faisceaux de rayons X et le rayonnement diffusé. La réduction de la dose est abordée dans cette thèse en diminuant le nombre des projections traitées. La tomographie par rayons X a pour objectif de reconstruire la cartographie des coefficients d'atténuations d'un objet inconnu de façon non destructive. Les bases mathématiques de la tomographie repose sur la transformée de Radon et son inversion. Néanmoins des artefacts métalliques apparaissent dans les images reconstruites en inversant la transformée de Radon (la méthode de rétro-projection filtrée), un certain nombre d'hypothèse faites dans cette approche ne sont pas vérifiées. En effet, la présence de métaux exacerbe les phénomènes de durcissement de spectre et l'absence de prise en compte du rayonnement diffusé. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse aux méthodes itératives issues d'une méthodologie Bayésienne. Afin d'obtenir des résultats de traitement compatible avec une application clinique de nos nouvelles approches, nous avons choisi un modèle direct relativement simple et classique (linéaire) associé à des approches de corrections de données. De plus, nous avons pris en compte l'incertitude liée à la correction des données en utilisant la minimisation d'un critère de moindres carrés pondérés. Nous proposons donc une nouvelle méthode de correction du durcissement du métal sans connaissances du spectre de la source et des coefficients d'atténuation des matériaux. Nous proposons également une nouvelle méthode de correction du diffusé associée sur les mesures sous certaines conditions notamment de faible dose. En imagerie médicale par tomographie à rayons X, la surexposition ou exposition non nécessaire irradiante augmente le risque de cancer radio-induit lors d'un examen du patient. Notre deuxième axe de recherche porte donc sur la réduction de la dose en diminuant le nombre de projections. Nous avons donc introduit un nouveau mode d'acquisition possédant un échantillonnage angulaire adaptatif. On utilise pour définir cette acquisition notre connaissance a priori de l'objet. Ce mode d'acquisition associé à un algorithme de reconstruction dédié, nous permet de réduire le nombre de projections tout en obtenant une qualité de reconstruction comparable au mode d'acquisition classique. Enfin, dans certains modes d’acquisition des scanners dentaires, nous avons un détecteur qui n'arrive pas à couvrir l'ensemble de l'objet. Pour s'affranchir aux problèmes liés à la tomographie locale qui se pose alors, nous utilisons des acquisitions multiples suivant des trajectoires circulaires. Nous avons adaptés les résultats développés par l’approche « super short scan » [Noo et al 2003] à cette trajectoire très particulière et au fait que le détecteur mesure uniquement des projections tronquées. Nous avons évalué nos méthodes de réduction des artefacts métalliques et de réduction de la dose en diminuant le nombre des projections sur les données réelles. Grâce à nos méthodes de réduction des artefacts métalliques, l'amélioration de qualité des images est indéniable et il n'y a pas d'introduction de nouveaux artefacts en comparant avec la méthode de l'état de l'art NMAR [Meyer et al 2010]. Par ailleurs, nous avons réussi à réduire le nombre des projections avec notre nouveau mode d'acquisition basé sur un « super short scan » appliqué à des trajectoires multiples. La qualité obtenue est comparable aux reconstructions obtenues avec les modes d'acquisition classiques ou short-scan mais avec une réduction d’au moins 20% de la dose radioactive. / This thesis contains two main themes: development of new iterative approaches for metal artifact reduction (MAR) and dose reduction in dental CT (Computed Tomography). The metal artifacts are mainly due to the beam-hardening, scatter and photon starvation in case of metal in contrast background like metallic dental implants in teeth. The first issue concerns about data correction on account of these effects. The second one involves the radiation dose reduction delivered to a patient by decreasing the number of projections. At first, the polychromatic spectra of X-ray beam and scatter can be modeled by a non-linear direct modeling in the statistical methods for the purpose of the metal artifacts reduction. However, the reconstruction by statistical methods is too much time consuming. Consequently, we proposed an iterative algorithm with a linear direct modeling based on data correction (beam-hardening and scatter). We introduced a new beam-hardening correction without knowledge of the spectra of X-ray source and the linear attenuation coefficients of the materials and a new scatter estimation method based on the measurements as well. Later, we continued to study the iterative approaches of dose reduction since the over-exposition or unnecessary exposition of irradiation during a CT scan has been increasing the patient's risk of radio-induced cancer. In practice, it may be useful that one can reconstruct an object larger than the field of view of scanner. We proposed an iterative algorithm on super-short-scans on multiple scans in this case, which contain a minimal set of the projections for an optimal dose. Furthermore, we introduced a new scanning mode of variant angular sampling to reduce the number of projections on a single scan. This was adapted to the properties and predefined interesting regions of the scanned object. It needed fewer projections than the standard scanning mode of uniform angular sampling to reconstruct the objet. All of our approaches for MAR and dose reduction have been evaluated on real data. Thanks to our MAR methods, the quality of reconstructed images was improved noticeably. Besides, it did not introduce some new artifacts compared to the MAR method of state of art NMAR [Meyer et al 2010]. We could reduce obviously the number of projections with the proposed new scanning mode and schema of super-short-scans on multiple scans in particular case.
412

Compressed sensing for error correction on real-valued vectors

Tordsson, Pontus January 2019 (has links)
Compressed sensing (CS) is a relatively new branch of mathematics with very interesting applications in signal processing, statistics and computer science. This thesis presents some theory of compressed sensing, which allows us to recover (high-dimensional) sparse vectors from (low-dimensional) compressed measurements by solving the L1-minimization problem. A possible application of CS to the problem of error correction is also presented, where sparse vectors are that of arbitrary noise. Successful sparse recovery by L1-minimization relies on certain properties of rectangular matrices. But these matrix properties are extremely subtle and difficult to numerically verify. Therefore, to get an idea of how sparse (or dense) errors can be, numerical simulation of error correction was done. These simulations show the performance of error correction with respect to various levels of error sparsity and matrix dimensions. It turns out that error correction degrades slower for low matrix dimensions than for high matrix dimensions, while for sufficiently sparse errors, high matrix dimensions offer a higher likelihood of guaranteed error correction.
413

Comparação entre animais desnutridos e controle em procedimento para o estabelecimento de discriminações complexas em ratos / Comparison between malnourished and control animals in procedure for the establishment of complex discriminations in rats.

Silva, Edson Mello da 17 May 2010 (has links)
A má nutrição precoce gera efeitos deletérios graves no crescimento, no comportamento e nas capacidades cognitivas de ratos e crianças, sendo que a desnutrição proteica é a principal insuficiência nutricional que pode ser examinada individualmente em estudos experimentais. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer discriminações condicionais em ratos, comparando-se animais controles com animais desnutridos e que passaram por recuperação nutricional, bem como testar três modificações no procedimento de Feliciano (2007). Como modificações foram empregadas um maior número de reversões da discriminação simples, antes do treino de discriminação condicional e os procedimentos de fading e correção de tentativas. No Experimento 1, foram testados o procedimento de fading e as reversões da discriminação. No Experimento 2, as reversões foram testadas junto com o procedimento de correção, mas não foram empregados animais previamente desnutridos. Por fim, no Experimento 3 os animais só passaram pela discriminação condicional e pela correção. Ao final das reversões os animais controles e desnutridos apresentaram a mesma velocidade de aprendizagem. Ao término da vigência do procedimento de fading não houve manutenção do desempenho característico da aprendizagem sem erros, indicando que o procedimento de fading utilizado não foi eficiente. A correção de tentativas facilitou a aprendizagem da discriminação simples e melhorou o desempenho dos animais. Não ocorreu curva de aprendizagem para a discriminação condicional nos três experimentos. Ainda assim, ao final do treino os animais submetidos ao procedimento de correção de tentativas apresentaram melhor desempenho do que os animais submetidos apenas ao fading, ou do que o dos animais não submetidos a qualquer dos procedimentos. Entre os fatores apontados como responsáveis pela não aprendizagem da discriminação condicional, destacam-se a programação da contingência, a disposição espacial aleatória dos estímulos de escolha e a existência de mais de duas alternativas para a resposta de escolha. / Early malnutrition leads to serious deleterious effects on growth, behavior and cognitive abilities of rats and children. Protein malnutrition is the main nutritional failure that can be examined individually in experimental studies. The aim of this study was to establish conditional discriminations in rats by comparing control animals with early malnourished animals which have received nutritional recovery and to test three changes in the procedure used by Feliciano (2007). As changes were employed a greater number of simple discrimination reversals, before the conditional discrimination training and the the procedures of fading correction. In experiment 1, we tested the procedure of fading and the discrimination reversals. In the experiment 2, the discrimination reversals were tested along with the correction procedure, but preveiously malnourished animals were not used. Finally, in experiment 3 the animals were tested only in the conditional discrimination with or without the correction procedure. At the end of reversals control and malnourished rats showed the same learning speed. At the end of the duration of the fading procedure the performance characteristics of learning without errors was not maintained, indicating that the fading procedure was not used efficiently. Correction facilitated the learning of simple discrimination and improved animal performance. There was no learning curve for the conditional discrimination in all experiments, yet at the end of training the performance of the animals subjected to correction procedure was better than the performance of rats subjected only to fading, or that of animals not submitted to any procedures. Among the factors that have prevented the learning of the conditional discrimination by the rats, we highlight the programmed contingency, the random spatial arrangement of the choice stimuli and the existence of more than two alternatives for the responses.
414

Desenvolvimento de uma Ferramenta para Criação e Correção Automáticas de Provas na World-Wide-Web. / Development of a tool for the automatic creation and correction of tests on the Word-Wide-Web.

Scapin, Rafael Humberto 08 December 1997 (has links)
A World-Wide Web (WWW) tem se desenvolvido enormemente, facilitando o compartilhamento de informações. Muito rapidamente as aplicações do seu potencial educacional se tornaram aparentes, especialmente para a Educação à Distância (ED). Neste sentido, a WWW possui um maior apelo, devido a sua capacidade de exibição de documentos multimídia, capacidade de hipertexto/hipermídia e sua arquitetura cliente-servidor, possibilitando a interação entre aluno e professor em ED. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento da ferramenta Web Course, desenvolvida no IFSC-USP, que visa facilitar a criação de provas na WWW. A ferramenta também faz a correção automática das provas. Web Course é uma ferramenta baseada em templates, usando formulários HTML criados por programas CGI que são preenchidos pelos instrutores para a criação de provas. / The World-Wide Web (WWW) has been developed largely to facilitate sharing of information. Very quickly, potential educational applications of this technology became apparent, especially for Distance Education (DE). In this regard, WWW has more appeal, because of its capability to exhibit multimedia documents, its hypertext/hypermedia capability and its client-server architecture, making possible the interaction between students and instructors. This work presents the development of Web Course, a tool developed at IFSC-USP that facilitates the creation of tests on the WWW, providing also the automatic correction of them. Web Course is template based, using HTML forms created by CGI files that instructors simply fill in to create tests.
415

Integração e assimetrias na transmissão de preços de café arábica no Brasil / Integration and asymmetries in Arabica coffee prices transmission in Brazil

Baptista, Diana de Medeiros 16 September 2015 (has links)
O café foi de extrema importância para o desenvolvimento e a dinamização da economia brasileira desde meados do século XIX, quando já ocupava a posição de principal produto da pauta exportadora brasileira, aí se mantendo por quase um século. Nos dias atuais, apesar de ter passado por diversos momentos de instabilidade, o Brasil ainda é maior produtor e exportador mundial de café. Atualmente, com a desregulação pelo Estado, há uma mais organização estratégica e maior cooperação entre os agentes. Como o café é um produto típico de exportação, seu preço nas diferentes regiões do país está ligado aos preços internacionais. Teoricamente, os mercados estando interligados, devem ser observadas tendências temporais muito próximas entre as séries no longo prazo. Posto isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a integração e a transmissão de preços do café arábica negociado na bolsa ICE Futures US, em Nova York, para as regiões produtoras de café arábica dentro dos estados de São Paulo (Mogiana e Paulista), Paraná (Noroeste) e Minas Gerais (Cerrado e Sul). Para analisar a relação de assimetria entre os preços de café das bolsas e do mercado físico utiliza-se o modelo descrito por Cânedo-Pinheiro (2012) para o mercado de óleo diesel no Brasil e por Cunha e Wander (2014) para o mercado de feijão no Estado de São Paulo. Como resultados, observou-se a presença de integração entre as séries de preços nas regiões estudadas com os preços da bolsa ICE Futures US, tanto no curto como no longo prazo. Todas as séries apresentaram elasticidade de transmissão de preços maior do que a unidade. A assimetria de transmissão de preços foi verificada em todas as regiões estudadas, ou seja, reduções de preço no mercado internacional são repassadas com maior intensidade para o produtor do que aumentos, exceto no caso do Sul de Minas Gerais, onde os ajustes foram simétricos. Apesar da existência de assimetria no curto prazo, o estudo verificou que no longo prazo, para todas as regiões, a assimetria tende a se inverter e mesmo desaparecer, dependendo do período. No curto prazo, os ajustes de queda são repassados mais rapidamente que os aumentos, enquanto que no longo prazo a velocidade de ajustamento para os aumentos de preços é maior do que para reduções, com exceção da região Mogiana. / Coffee was one of the most important products for the development and dynamism of the Brazilian economy since the mid-nineteenth century, when it held the first position of Brazilian exports, and kept as first for nearly a century. Nowadays, despite of having gone through several moments of instability, Brazil is still the largest coffee producer and exporter in the world. Currently, with the deregulation of the state, there is a more strategic organization and greater cooperation among agents. Because coffee is a typical export product, it´s price in different regions of the country is linked to international prices. Therefore, the price series have the same long term tendency, for being linked. The objective of this study is to evaluate the integration and price transmission of arabica coffee, traded on ICE Futures US in New York, to the producing regions of arabica coffee in the states of São Paulo (Mogiana and Paulista), Paraná (Northeast) and Minas Gerais (Cerrado and South). In order to analyze the asymmetric price transmission between international coffee prices and Brazilian markets, the rule model for the diesel fuel market in Brazil, was the one described by Canedo-Pinheiro (2012), and for the dry bean market in the state of Sao Paulo, the model used by Cunha and Wander (2014). The findings confirm the presence of integration between the price series in the regions studied and the prices of ICE Futures US in both short and long term. All series had elasticity transmission rates greater than unity. The asymmetry in price transmission was present in all regions studied, ie price reductions in the international market are passed on with greater intensity for the producer than the increases, except in South of Minas Gerais, where adjustments were symmetrical. Even though there is short-term asymmetry, the study found that in the long run, asymmetry tends to reverse and even disappear, depending on the period, for all producer regions. Although the drop settings are passed on faster than the increases in the short term, in the long-term the speed adjustment for price increases is greater than for reductions, except Mogiana region.
416

Análise comparativa de pacientes com mordida aberta esquelética tratados com compensação dentária e cirurgia ortognática / Benchmarking patient with skeletal anterior open bite treated with dental compensation and orthognathic surgery

Almonte, Manuela Elizabeth Rodriguez 14 April 2010 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a harmonia facial, por meio de fotografias em norma frontal e lateral de pacientes com mordida aberta anterior, tratados com compensação dentária ou cirurgia ortognática. A amostra deste estudo consistiu de 30 pacientes divididos em dois grupos- pacientes compensados ortodonticamente e pacientes tratados cirurgicamente. Ambos os grupos foram analisados comparativa e subjetivamente por leigos e ortodontistas, a partir de fotografias do rosto, frontais e laterais, obtidas ao início e ao final do tratamento. As fotografias foram distribuídas aleatoriamente e dispostas em multimídia (PowerPoint) para serem avaliadas. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados entre os dois grupos de examinadores, considerando o estágio inicial e final do tratamento, e entre os grupos tratados com abordagem compensatória e cirúrgica, estabelecendo qual dessas abordagens oferece maior agradabilidade facial. Pode-se concluir que houve uma proximidade entre as avaliações de leigos e ortodontistas quanto à agradabilidade facial, sendo os leigos mais críticos. Tantos os leigos quanto os ortodontistas deram escores/notas significativamente maiores para as fotografias pós-tratamento tanto nos casos compensatórios como nos cirúrgicos e os casos cirúrgicos em norma lateral obtiveram os escores melhores. / The aim of this study was to evaluated facial harmony in patients with open bite, in front teeth (both upper and lower) treated with orthognatic surgery or orthodontic correction by using frontal and lateral side photograph. The purpose of this study was to divide 30 patients in two groups. GROUP 1: patients using bite correction; GROUP2: patients treated with orthognatic surgery. Both groups were studied by orthodontics and ordinary people. Those photographs were divided in different sectional appliance and showed at Power Point and were studied. The results of each group were compared, considering the evaluation from top to bottom, of which one provides a better facial harmony. No significant differences could be notice between the orthodontist opinions such as the ordinary people; however, those ordinary people had a more critical argument about the results. They established different treatments for those patients. Those who had the orthognatic surgery had a better response.
417

Jet Grouting (sistema monofluido): um método teórico simplificado para a previsão do diâmetro das colunas. / Jet Grouting (single fluid system): a theoretical simplificated method for the prediction of column diameter.

Carletto, Marcos Francisco Wosgrau 25 August 2009 (has links)
O jet grouting é uma das técnicas de tratamento de solos mais utilizadas em todo o mundo. Consiste em jatear uma calda de cimento a altíssima velocidade no subsolo, com ou sem a adição de água e/ou ar comprimido. Os fluidos são injetados através de minúsculos bicos posicionados na extremidade de uma composição especial de hastes, que giram à velocidade constante enquanto sobem lentamente em direção à superfície do terreno. O jato remove e mistura o solo, produzindo um corpo consolidado de formato aproximadamente cilíndrico (a coluna de jet grouting). Variando os parâmetros operacionais (pressão de bombeamento, quantidade e diâmetro dos bicos, velocidade de extração das hastes, relação água/cimento da calda) e em função do tipo de solo, podem ser obtidas colunas de diâmetros variáveis dentro de um amplo intervalo. Na busca do diâmetro desejado, a escolha dos parâmetros de tratamento é feita atualmente com base em regras empíricas nem sempre pertinentes, causando muitas vezes o fracasso do tratamento ou, ainda, tornando-o excessivamente oneroso. Esta tese de doutorado apresenta um método simplificado para a previsão do diâmetro das colunas de jet grouting (sistema monofluido). Conjugando a análise racional do fenômeno físico de interação jatosolo (Modoni et al., 2006) à facilidade de aplicação característica dos métodos empíricos, propõe-se uma ferramenta ágil para a escolha da combinação mais adequada dos parâmetros de tratamento. / Jet grouting is one of the most popular ground improvement techniques all over the world. The method is based on high-speed grouting of water-cement mixtures and/or other fluids (air, water) into the subsoil. The fluids are injected through small diameter nozzles placed on a grout pipe, which is continuously rotated at a constant rate and slowly raised towards the ground surface. The jet removes and mixes the soil, producing a cemented body of quasi-cylindrical shape (the jet grouting column). Varying the operational parameters (grout pressure, number and diameter of the nozzles, monitor lifting rate, water-cement ratio of the grout) and as a function of the soil type, columns of variable diameters can be obtained in a wide interval. Currently, in search of the required diameter, the choice of the operational parameters is done on the basis of empirical rules not always relevant, causing very often the failure of the treatment or making it excessively onerous. This thesis presents a simplificated method for the prediction of the column diameter (single fluid system). Conjugating the rational analysis of the physical phenomenon of jetsoil interaction (Modoni et al., 2006) to the typical easiness of empirical methods application, an agile tool is proposed for the choice of the most appropriate combination of the operational parameters.
418

Efeito da deformação por cortante no cálculo de edifícios de andares múltiplos com núcleos estruturais / Effect of shear deformation in the analysis of multistory buildings with structural cores

Torres, Ivan Francisco Ruiz 07 May 1999 (has links)
O principal objetivo deste trabalho é realizar a análise estrutural de edifícios de andares múltiplos que apresentam núcleos resistentes, considerando a deformação pelo esforço cortante nos mesmos, bem como nos pilares. Para atingir esse objetivo, será preciso que o comportamento à flexão dos elementos verticais de contraventamento passe a ser regido pela teoria de barras de Timoshenko e não mais pela de Euler-Bernoulli. Foram então desenvolvidos algoritmos que, utilizando o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), permitem calcular os fatores de forma de quaisquer seções transversais abertas de paredes delgadas pertencentes a núcleos estruturais, bem como a distribuição da tensão de cisalhamento na seção transversa em função do esforço cortante atuante. As alterações acima descritas foram feitas em um programa de análise de edifícios denominado CEASO 01, de autoria de MATIAS JR (1997). Embora esse programa realize análise não-linear geométrica, a consideração da deformação por cortante só foi implementada na análise linear. Apresentam-se, ao final, exemplos numéricos que permitem avaliar a influência da deformação pelo esforço cortante sobre os deslocamentos e esforços de núcleos resistentes e pilares. / The main aim of this work is to perform structural analysis of multistory buildings with resistant cores, taking into account shear deformation in those elements, as well as in columns. To achieve this objective, the flexural behaviour of vertical elements must be governed by Timoshenko beam theory, rather than the Euler-Bernoulli theory. Procedures using the finite element method (FEM) were developped, which enable to evaluate shear correction factors of generic thin-walled open sections and shear stress distribution as a function of the shear resultant. Changes described above were made in a structural analysis program named CEASO 01, whose author is MATIAS JR (1997). Even though this program is able to perform nonlinear analysis, only in linear analysis the effect of shear deformation is taken into account. Numerical examples are provided, which enable to evaluate the influence of taking into account shear deformation on displacements and stress resultants of resistant cores and columns.
419

A correção por pares através de ferramentas digitais como mediações formativas no ensino-aprendizagem do francês como língua estrangeira / Peer correction through digital tools as formative mediations in the teaching and learning of French as a second language

Marra, Arthur 28 September 2018 (has links)
Esta dissertação teve por objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento da produção escrita em francês baseada em gêneros textuais de alunos universitários brasileiros e a influência de correções feitas por alunos canadenses anglófonos através de ferramentas digitais nesse processo. Os dados foram coletados em um projeto de telecolaboração envolvendo a Universidade de São Paulo e a University of Victoria, no Canadá, ao longo de um semestre. O projeto propôs interações entre os alunos brasileiros e canadenses através de três ferramentas digitais: Facebook, GoogleDocs e Skype. Como parte das atividades de uma disciplina de francês como língua estrangeira, os alunos brasileiros escreveram textos pertencentes aos gêneros fait divers, récit de voyage e récit littéraire court, que foram corrigidos de maneira assíncrona, com o GoogleDocs, e síncrona, pelo Skype, pelos alunos canadenses. A pesquisa baseou-se no quadro teóricometodológico do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD) (BRONCKART, 1999/2012, SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004, MACHADO, 2009), que se apoia, de forma geral, nos estudos propostos por Vigotski (1997, 1998; 2004; 2007; 2008). Servimo-nos, também, dos conceitos propostos pelo ISD e voltados para a didática das línguas, tais como: capacidades de linguagem (DOLZ; PASQUIER; BRONCKART, 1993) e modelo didático (DE PIETRO; SCHNEUWLY, 2003), além de outros propostos por Vigotski, como instrumento e zona de desenvolvimento próximo (VIGOTSKI, 2004, 2007, 2008) a fim de compreender as dificuldades e o desenvolvimento da produção escrita dos alunos brasileiros. Foram utilizados, paralelamente, estudos sobre correção propostos por Tapia (2016), ao lado de outras pesquisas sobre correção de erros e uso de tecnologia para o ensino de línguas, para compreender as correções linguageiras feitas pelos alunos canadenses e investigar seu papel no desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos brasileiros. Os resultados das análises indicam que, de forma geral, os alunos brasileiros desenvolveram as capacidades de linguagem ao longo do projeto e que as correções linguageiras propostas pelos alunos canadenses agiram como um instrumento para tal desenvolvimento. Identificamos certa diferença entre a forma e o conteúdo das correções em relação às ferramentas digitais GoogleDocs e Skype e também constatamos que o léxico, a concordância nominal e a regência verbal apresentaram maior número de correções. Além disso, observamos que a influência das correções no desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos brasileiros ocorreu, sobretudo, no que diz respeito a duas das operações linguageiras mais corrigidas: a coesão nominal e a coesão verbal. / This thesis aimed to study the development of writing in French as a Second Language based on textual genres of Brazilian university students and the influence of feedback given by anglophone Canadian students through digital tools. The data were collected in a telecollaboration project including the University of São Paulo and the University of Victoria, Canada, during a semester. The project proposed interactions between Brazilian and Canadian students through three digital tools: Facebook, GoogleDocs and Skype. As part of the activities of a French as a foreign language course, Brazilian students wrote three text genres: fait divers, récit de voyage and récit littéraire court, which were corrected by the Canadian students asynchronously, with GoogleDocs, and synchronously, by Skype. The research was based on the theoretical-methodological framework of sociodiscursive interactionism (SDI) (BRONCKART, 1999/2012, SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004, MACHADO, 2009), which is based on the studies proposed by Vigotski (1997, 1998; 2004; 2007). In order to understand the difficulties and the development of writing in French of Brazilian students, we also relied on the concepts proposed by SDI which focus on language didactics, such as language capacities (DOLZ, PASQUIER, BRONCKART, 1993) and didactic model (DE PIETRO, SCHNEUWLY, 2003), as well as on concepts proposed by Vigotski, such as instrument and zone of proximal development (VIGOTSKI, 2004, 2007, 2008). In addition, we used the studies about correction proposed by Tapia (2016), as well as other researches about correction and the use of technology for language teaching, to understand the feedback given by the Canadian students and to investigate its role in the development of language capacities of the Brazilian students. In our analysis we could observe that, in general, the Brazilian students developed the language capacities throughout the project and that the feedback proposed by the Canadian students acted as an instrument for such development. We identified a certain difference between the form and the content of the corrections in relation to the digital tools GoogleDocs and Skype. We also verified that the lexicon, the nominal and the verbal cohesion were more often corrected. Moreover, we observed that the influence of corrections on the development of the language capacities of the Brazilian students occurred, especially, in relation to two of the most corrected linguistic operations: nominal cohesion and verbal cohesion.
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Method for Acquisition and Reconstruction of non-Cartesian 3-D fMRI / Metod för insamling och rekonstruktion av icke-kartesisk 3-D fMRI

Thyr, Per January 2008 (has links)
The PRESTO sequence is a well-known 3-D fMRI imaging sequence. In this sequence the echo planar imaging technique is merged with the echo-shift technique. This combination results in a very fast image acquisition, which is required for fMRI examinations of neural activation in the human brain. The aim of this work was to use the basic Cartesian PRESTO sequence as a framework when developing a novel trajectory using a non-Cartesian grid. Our new pulse sequence, PRESTO CAN, rotates the k-space profiles around the ky-axis in a non-Cartesian manner. This results in a high sampling density close to the centre of the k-space, and at the same time it provides sparser data collection of the part of the k-space that contains less useful information. This "can- or cylinder-like" pattern is expected to result in a much faster k-space acquisition without loosing important spatial information. A new reconstruction algorithm was also developed. The purpose was to be able to construct an image volume from data obtained using the novel PRESTO CAN sequence. This reconstruction algorithm was based on the gridding technique, and a Kaiser-Bessel window was also used in order to re-sample the data onto a Cartesian grid. This was required to make 3-D Fourier transformation possible. In addition, simulations were also performed in order to verify the function of the reconstruction algorithm. Furthermore, in vitro tests showed that the development of the PRESTO CAN sequence and the corresponding reconstruction algorithm were highly successful. In the future, the results can relatively easily be extended and generalized for in vivo investigations. In addition, there are numerous exciting possibilities for extending the basic techniques described in this thesis.

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