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Contributions of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual developmentLiang, Shu 24 May 1994 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of family size, birth order,
socioeconomic status, and parent-child relationships to young children's intellectual
development.
Seventy-four children, 39 boys and 35 girls, with a mean age of 4 years-8 months,
and their parents (mothers and fathers), selected from 9 preschool programs and daycare
centers in Corvallis, Oregon, acted as subjects for this study. Ninety-five percent of the
families came from upper or upper-middle socioeconomic classes. All the families were
intact, consisting of children and their biological parents, representing one-, two, and three-child
families. The children in this study were either first-, second- or third-born children.
Family socioeconomic status was determined via Hollingshead's Four Factor Index
of Social Status. Information on family size and birth order was obtained through a
Demographic Questionnaire. Parent-child relationship was assessed via the Parent
Attitude Research Instrument-Short Form. Children's intellectual level was measured
with the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised. Zajonc and Markus' Confluence
Theory, Page and Grandon's Admixture Theory, and Falbo and Polies Parent-Child
Relationships Theory were utilized as the basis for investigating the relative contributions
of family size, birth order, socioeconomic status, mother-child relationship, and father-child
relationship to children's intellectual development. The regression procedure was
used in data analyses. The .05 probability level was used as the criterion for statistical
significance.
Findings revealed that the variables of socioeconomic status and quality of father-child
relationships contributed significantly to children's intellectual development. The
higher the socioeconomic status of the family, and the more supportive the father-child
relationships, the higher the children's intellectual development scores. Birth order and
family size made no contributions to children's intellectual development. These findings,
therefore, provided support for Page and Grandon's Admixture Theory and Falbo and
Polies Parent-Child Relationships Theory, but not for Zajonc and Markus' Confluence
Theory. / Graduation date: 1995
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On-line to healthy weighs : electronic messages for employed women on maintaining a healthy weightSullivan, Angelique S. 14 June 1996 (has links)
A nutrition education program for employed women on maintaining a
healthy weight was developed and evaluated. Delivery of eight messages (two
per week for four weeks) by electronic mail was tested for effectiveness.
The subjects were 243 members of the Oregon State University Office
and Personnel Association who were randomly assigned to three experimental
groups. Group #1 received hard copies of the messages, group #2 received
hard copies along with a weekly electronic tip on weight management, and
group #3 received the messages by electronic mail (e-mail).
An evaluation survey was developed to assess: 1) Participants' stage of
change regarding fat in the diet, 2) Participants' social support network for
weight maintenance, 3) Reactions to the program, 4) Impact of the program on
positive behavior regarding weight control, and 5) Demographics. The survey
was sent by campus mail about three weeks after the program.
The evaluation was completed by 80.2% of participants. The nine male
respondents and the two gender-unidentified respondents were not included in the data analysis to assure a total female population. A total of 181 surveys
were analyzed (74.5%). The mean age of female respondents was 47.8 ± 13.3.
Although it was hypothesized that electronic delivery of the program
and/or supplementing the hard copy/print program with brief electronic tips
would be associated with higher order stages of change (Transtheoretical
Model), the results from this study did not support the hypotheses. There was no
significant difference in stage of change among participants in the three modes
of delivery. The messages appeared to have the greatest impact on women in
the action and preparation stages. They tended to make more positive changes
(i.e. reading food labels) than women in the maintenance, contemplation, and
precontemplation stages.
Mode of delivery did not appear to make a difference in whether the
women looked forward to the messages, reactions to message length, how
many were read, or the resulting knowledge or behavior change. Therefore, it
may not be critical to program effectiveness. Women in the electronic group,
however, were more certain that they received all eight messages and were
more apt to ask questions of the researcher. The potential cost savings,
convenience, and ease of quick communication make it a more attractive
option. Access to the technology and participant preference are equally
important factors. / Graduation date: 1997
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Effect of untrained and trained peer tutors on the motor performance of students with developmental disabilities in integrated physical education classesHouston-Wilson, Cathy 12 August 1993 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of untrained and
trained peer tutors on the motor performance of students with developmental
disabilities in integrated physical education classes. This study utilized a single
subject delayed multiple baseline design across subjects.
Six elementary age students with developmental disabilities and six
nondisabled peer tutors participated in the study. The students were
videotaped during their physical education class and data were analyzed on
discrete motor skill responses. The students were assigned to one of two
protocols. Protocol 1 consisted of three conditions; baseline, assistance by an
untrained peer tutor, and assistance by a trained peer tutor. The results of
Protocol 1 data revealed that trained peer tutors were effective at assisting
subjects with developmental disabilities improve their motor performance, while
untrained peer tutors were not. As a result of these findings Protocol 2 which
consisted only of baseline and assistance by trained peer tutors, was utilized to
replicate and provide additional support for the effect of trained peer tutors. The
results of Protocol 2 revealed that trained peer tutors were effective at assisting
subjects with developmental disabilities improve their motor performance in
integrated physical education classes.
Trained peer tutors were provided with instruction in the following three
teaching areas: cueing, feedback, and reinforcement. The cueing techniques
followed the system of least prompts and included verbal cueing, modeling, and
physical assistance. Feedback information consisted of positive general and
positive specific reinforcement. Peer tutors were trained over two 30 minute
sessions. Pre-established criteria required the peer tutors to implement the
teaching behaviors with the researcher a minimum of 4 out 5 times, and receive
a score of 90% or better on the peer tutor quiz. All peers were successful at
meeting this criteria. Data were collected on the tutors' teaching behaviors
throughout the study via a wireless microphone. The results of the peer tutor
data revealed that the tutors were able to implement the tutor training program.
The results of this study demonstrate that elementary age peer tutors can
be trained to provide assistance to students with developmental disabilities in
integrated physical education classes. Recommendations for future research
are provided based on the results of this study. / Graduation date: 1994
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Soil column desorption studies on a chromium contaminated soilBall, Bruce L. 11 February 1992 (has links)
Soil column studies were performed on a chromium contaminated soil from the United
Chrome Products Superfund Site currently undergoing a pump-and-treat cleanup process. The
goal of the research was to provide insight into the feasibility of chemically changing the injection
fluid of the pump-and-treat system to enhance hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) mobility. The
parameters tested were pH, ionic strength, and competitive anion type and concentration.
Ionic strength effects were investigated by adjusting the NaCl concentration of the
extracting solution and by observing the influence of varying anion concentrations on desorption
(bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate). The results indicated that high ionic strength solutions
slow the rate of Cr(VI) desorption. This possibly indicates most of the Cr(VI) was in pore water
solution and was adsorbing, slowing the removal process. Cr(VI) desorption was fastest for
distilled water solution followed by competitive anion/distilled water solutions. The high ionic
strength extracting solutions, 0.05 M and 0.10 M NaCl, had the slowest Cr(VI) desorption rates.
Effluent pHs dropped as the ionic strength was increased (increasing NaCl concentrations) which
was attributed to a Na-H exchange. Increased concentrations of bicarbonate, sulfate, and
phosphate resulted in only small pH differences in the effluent of less than 0.5 pH units.
The effect of pH was investigated by varying the pH of the 0.01 M NaCl solution with
strong acid and base and by varying the pH of phosphate competitive anion solutions. The
effects of changing 0.01 M NaCl solution pH were inconclusive. Differences between Cr(VI)
desorption rates for the soil columns with adjusted influent pHs were small. Cr(VI) desorption
curves and column effluent pH values for phosphate solutions of varying influent pH values were
nearly identical, indicating that soil buffering and effluent pH are more important factors than
influent pH in achieving Cr(VI) desorption.
Nitrate, bicarbonate, sulfate, and phosphate were investigated to determine the effect of
various competitive anions on Cr(VI) desorption. The effectiveness of each anion at extracting
Cr(VI) from soil appeared to follow the order of adsorption affinity to the soil. / Graduation date: 1992
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Laboratory study of chromium sorption and desorption in undisturbed soilMuller, Heike K. 20 October 1992 (has links)
Graduation date: 1993
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A study of the effects of an extended transfer student orientation course on transfer student academic achievementThomas, William Howard 14 August 1992 (has links)
In the process of adjusting to a new institutional environment,
transfer students will often experience difficulties and
these difficulties may limit their academic potential. Can an
institution create a formal process which can help the transfer
student adjust to the institutional environment? This study is an
examination of a program--an extended transfer student orientation
course modeled after the freshman extended orientation course
which was developed at the University of South Carolina. Grade
Point Average (GPA) was used to study the effects of the course on
academic achievement (academic integration as measured by GPA,
retention and graduation rates).
This experimental study was conducted at Oregon State University,
a northwestern land-grant institution. The study was
conducted with two groups of newly-admitted transfer students.
The experimental group (N=80) consisted of those self-selected
transfer students enrolled in the extended transfer student orientation course, while the comparison group (N=80) consisted of
transfer students, picked at random, who were not enrolled in the
course. The two groups were studied after the Fall 1988 extended
transfer student orientation course.
The demographic data revealed that a majority of the
students transferred from in-state institutions, tended to enter
from two-year institutions and four-year institutions. This study
showed no evidence that the extended transfer student orientation
course had an effect on academic achievement. / Graduation date: 1993
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An evaluation of composition and quality of ground beef sold in retail storesLee, David Bing-en 28 November 1967 (has links)
The composition and some qualitative aspects of ground beef
offered for sale in Corvallis, Oregon were studied. Samples were
purchased from six retail markets twice weekly throughout a six
week test period. Three stores were independently owned and operated
and three were chain stores.
Differences in moisture, fat and protein levels of ground beef
samples among the six stores and between chain and independently
owned stores were statistically significant. Differences in composition
between sampling days (Tuesday versus Friday) and between
replicate weeks were generally not significant. Ground beef from
chain stores was generally characterized by higher moisture and
protein levels and lower fat levels. Thirty-two percent of all samples
(50 percent of the independent stores and 14 percent of the chain
stores) exceeded the legal limit of 30 percent fat.
Moisture:protein ratios ranged from 2.53 to 4.24 while the
average value was 3.59. About 28 percent of all samples had ratios
in excess of 3.70. Differences in moisture:protein ratios between
chain and independent stores were not significant.
Although differences in extract-release volume (ERV) of ground
beef obtained from the various stores were significant, differences
between sampling days, replicate weeks and chain versus independent
stores were not. Resazurin reduction times of ground beef among
individual stores, between sampling days, replicate weeks and chain
versus independent stores were not significantly different. The
correlation between ERV and resazurin reduction time was low
(r = 0.21) suggesting a poor relationship between these two procedures
for assessing microbial contamination in ground beef.
Differences in nonprotein nitrogen (NPN) levels of samples
among stores and between sampling days were statistically significant.
Only minor differences in NPN levels between store types and
replicate weeks were observed. Soluble protein levels appeared to be
a reflection of total protein.
Iodine numbers of ground beef fat ranged from 43.7 to 53.6 and
were significantly higher in ground beef purchased from chain stores.
Price per pound of ground beef and price per pound of protein
were significantly different among the six stores. The price per
pound of meat was significantly higher in the chain stores than in the independent stores. However, price per pound of protein and price
per pound of soluble protein were essentially the same for the two
types of stores.
Recommendations for quality control of ground beef sold at the
retail level are discussed. / Graduation date: 1968
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A validation of the Oregon State University driving simulatorBrown, Lacy S. 06 September 2012 (has links)
Driving simulation is widely accepted as a safe, effective, and economical alternative for investigating driver behavior in a variety of contexts. However, in order to apply simulator-based research results to real-world settings, the performance measures acquired through simulated driving experiments must first be validated. This research was aimed at validating the Oregon State University Driving Simulator based on speed, acceleration, and deceleration data. The validation effort consisted of a road test and a simulator test. The road test was completed on a five-lane urban principal arterial in Corvallis, Oregon, and the simulated environment matched the field conditions as closely as possible. Ten subjects participated in both tests. Minimum speed, maximum speed, average speed, 85th-percentile speed, maximum acceleration and maximum deceleration data variables were analyzed using graphical comparisons as well as two-sample paired t-tests. With the exception of minimum speed, all data variables showed statistically significant differences on at least one of the three test sections. However, the researchers considered the magnitude of these differences to be insignificant in a practical setting (on average, 3.5 mph for speed variables and 0.80 ft/s�� for acceleration and deceleration variables). Thus, the results of this research confirm the validity of the OSU driving simulator with regards to speed and acceleration. / Graduation date: 2013
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Epiphytic yeasts isolated from apple leaves to control of gray and blue mold fruit rots of appleFalconi, Cesar E. 14 June 1996 (has links)
Eight phylloplane yeasts were isolated from backyard apple trees in
Corvallis, OR. Yeast isolates were classified to genus or species level. All
isolates were tested in vitro for antagonistic activity against the postharvest
pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum. Of these isolates,
Aureobasidium pullulans, Sporobolomyces roseus Rhodotorula sp., consistently
reduced mycelial growth of B. cinerea and P. expansum in nutrient yeast
dextrose agar (pH 4.5 or 7.0) incubated for 8 or 30 days at 24 or 1 C, respectively.
These three yeasts also were evaluated for their ability to suppress spore
germination of B. cinerea and P. expansum in a gradient of apple juice
concentrations and to suppress development of gray and blue mold lesions in
inoculated fruits of Golden Delicious apple. Germination of B. cinerea and P.
expansum was reduced significantly (P���0.05) when incubated with the yeast
isolates in 100 or 50% apple juice, but not in 0, 1 or 10% apple juice. S. roseus
and A. pullulans reduced significantly (P���0.05) the size of gray mold lesions in
wounded fruit stored at 5 C and 24 C by 63 to 72 and 81 to 90%, respectively,
when compared to the nontreated control. Size of blue mold lesions in fruit
stored at 5 and 24 C also were reduced significantly (P���0.05) by 66 to 38 and 74
to 63%, respectively, when pre-treated with S. roseus and A. pullulans. In
general, fruit rot suppression by some yeasts isolated in this study was similar in
magnitude to suppression obtained by Cryptococcus laurentii isolate 87-108, a
yeast with commercial potential to suppress postharvest rots of pome fruits.
Pretreatment of apple wounds with washed cells of A. pullulans, S. roseus,
Rhodotorula sp., resulted in disease suppression, but treatment of wounds with cell-free culture supernatant of these isolates did not affect lesion development. Population size of A. pullulans, S. roseus, and C. laurentii increased in apple wounds incubated at 5 or 24 C for up to 25 days, indicating that they colonized the wound site. Data collected in this study support the hypothesis that yeast isolates antagonize fruit pathogens by competing for nutrients in wounds on fruit surfaces. The isolates of A. pullulans and S. roseus show promise for commercial development. / Graduation date: 1997
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The relationship of student involvement and multicultural comfort among student government members as compared with the student population at Oregon State University /Hodges, J. Shannon. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1995. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-61). Also available online.
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