no

Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T21:58:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_10834_DISSERTAÇÃO - FINAL_Ivan.pdf: 3037729 bytes, checksum: 68211b54960caf2a6fb162c0f66c89c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-11 / No presente trabalho avaliou-se a influência dos contraíons de sais Cu2+ (acetato e cloreto) e as condições de síntese (temperatura, tempo e concentração) sobre o rendimento da reação do MOF-199, uma rede metalorgânica bem conhecida. Para tanto, foi realizado um planejamento fatorial com três parâmetros de síntese: temperatura, tempo e concentração de Cu2+, variando em dois níveis (mínimo e máximo), resultando em uma análise combinatória, em que cada experimento consistiu em uma configuração diferente dos fatores em seus respectivos níveis, o que levou a uma batelada de 23 = 8 experiências, para cada contraíon. Foram também realizadas sínteses com valores médios de cada parâmetro de reação, totalizando 9 sínteses para cada contraíon. O rendimento do produto da reação foi a variável resposta do planejamento fatorial. Os produtos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção vibracional na região do infravermelho, análise termogravimétrica e difração de raios X de pó. As técnicas analíticas confirmaram a obtenção de MOF-199. A temperatura nas sínteses com cloreto de Cu2+ foi a única variável significativa nos rendimentos de reação. As sínteses realizadas com acetato de Cu2+ proporcionaram rendimentos mais elevados em comparação ao cloreto de Cu2+, embora as condições de síntese não tenham sido significativas.

In earlier research in our lab, the manipulation of microtubules on gold patterned silicon wafers was achieved by E-beam lithography, Poly (ethylene glycol) self assembled monolayers (PEG-SAMs) and electrophoresis. To develop a technique for delicate single microtubule manipulation, further studies need to be done on PEG-SAMs and electrophoresis. As a foundation of this goal, we examined the electric field in an aqueous solution between two planar electrodes and the compatibility of the antifouling property of PEG-SAMs with the electric field. For this purpose, the distribution of microbeads was analyzed using a Boltzmann distribution. The amount of adsorbed microtubules on a PEG-SAM was examined to test the compatibility of the antifouling property of a PEG-SAM with concomitant exposure to electric field. It is shown that the product of the electric field and the effective charge of the microbead does not have a linear relation with the applied electric potential but an exponentially increasing function with respect to the potential. The antifouling property of the PEG-SAM was not retained after an exposure to the electric field.

Microemulsions have important applications in various industries, including enhanced oil recovery, reactions, separations, drug delivery, cosmetics and foods. We investigated two different kinds of water-in-oil microemulsion systems, AOT (bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate) microemulsions with various counterions and perfluorocarbon-based microemulsion gels with triblock copolymers. In the AOT systems, we investigated the viscosity and interdroplet interactions in Ca(AOT)2, Mg(AOT)2 and KAOT microemulsions, and compared our results with the commonly-studied NaAOT/water/decane system. We attribute the differences in behavior to different hydration characteristics of the counterions, and we believe that the results are consistent with a previously proposed charge fluctuation model. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are of interest in a variety of biomedical applications as oxygen carriers. We have used triblock copolymer Pluronic® F127 to modify the rheology of PFC-based microemulsions, we have been able to form thermoreversible PFOB (perfluorooctyl bromide)-based gels, and have investigated the phase stability, rheology, microstructure, interactions, and gelation mechanism using scattering, rheometry, and microscopy. Finally, we attempted to use these data to understand the relationship between rheology and structure in soft attractive colloids.

No description available.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T13:21:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 2235233 bytes, checksum: 90091ce5e150c5df82bb72929b3cb2f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / SnO2 pigments, when doped with chromium, lead to violet or purple colors, depending on chromium oxidation state. There is a need to control the chromophore oxidation state, as Cr(VI) is toxic and carcinogenic, while Cr(III) leads to no risk to living beings. Cr(VI) formation may be avoided with the addition of counterions, that lead to a charge imbalance. In this work, SnO2:Cr pigments were synthesized by the polymeric precursor method, with the addition of molybdenum as counterion. The powder precursor decomposition was evaluated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The influence of the counterion in the crystalline structure was evaluated by Xray diffraction. The materials were also characterized by infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry and UV-vis spectroscopy. All pigments are crystalline and single phase with cassiterite structure. Chromium formation with hexavalent state was observed in all samples, while Sn0.90Cr0.06Mo0.04O2 presented the lowest amount of this cation, comparing to the other pigments, being the less toxic one. Violet and rose colors were obtained for materials doped with chromium and chromium/molybdenum, respectively, being related to the formation of Cr(IV) in the material structure. / O SnO2 quando dopado com cromo forma pigmentos de coloração violeta e rósea, dependendo dos diferentes estados de oxidação do cromo. Contudo, há necessidade de um controle sobre o estado de oxidação do metal, já que o Cr(VI) é tóxico e cancerígeno, enquanto que o Cr(III) não oferece perigo aos seres vivos. Uma forma de evitar a formação de Cr(VI) é pela adição de contraíons, que levam a um balanço de cargas. Neste trabalho, pigmentos cerâmicos de SnO2:Cr na presença de contra-íon molibdênio foram sintetizados pelo método dos precursores poliméricos. A decomposição dos pós precursores foi estudada por termogravimetria (TG) e análise térmica diferencial (DTA). Foi realizado também o estudo da influência dos contra-íons na evolução da fase cristalina por meio de Difração de Raios-X (DRX). Os materiais foram caracterizados por infravermelho, colorimetria e espectroscopia de UV-vis. Os pigmentos mostraram-se cristalinos e monofásicos com a obtenção da fase cassiterita para todos os sistemas. A formação do cromo no seu estado hexavalente foi observada para todos os sistemas, contudo o pigmento Sn0,90Cr0,06Mo0,04O2 apresentou a menor quantidade formada desse cátion, quando comparado com os demais, tornando-se o menos tóxico dos pigmentos estudados. As cores violeta e rósea foram obtidas para os materiais dopado com cromo e cromo/molibdênio, respectivamente, que está associado à formação de Cr(IV) na estrutura do material.

Mixed association of calix[4]resorcinarene with ethyl sulfonate groups on the lower rim and dimethylaminomethyl groups on the upper rim (CR) and cationic surfactant 4-aza-1-hexadecyl-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane bromide (DABCO-16) is studied by methods of tensiometry, conductometry, potentiometry and NMR spectroscopy at fixed CR concentration and varied surfactant concentration. Beyond ca. 0.4 mM of DABCO-16, mixed aggregates enriched by CR are proved to be formed due to electrostatic forces, while beyond ca. 5 mM, aggregates enriched by surfactant occur due to the hydrophobic effect. Spectrophotometry monitoring of the solubilization of a hydrophobic dye, Orange OT, demonstrated that only the second type of mixed aggregate enriched by DABCO-16 is capable of binding the organic probe, while the mixed system where the surfactant is a minor component shows no binding capacity towards Orange OT. This finding can be used for the design of nanocontainers with controllable binding/release properties. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

L’encapsulation dans des nanomatériaux de polymères de colorants ioniques à l’aide de contre-ions hydrophobes volumineux apparaît être une méthode très efficace pour générer des nanoparticules (NPs) fluorescentes ultra-brillantes pour la bioimagerie. Nous avons d’abord étendu cette approche par contre-ions aux colorants cyanine opérant dans la gamme du bleu au proche infra-rouge. A partir de NPs chargés en cyanines, une methode de code-barre multicolore pour le traçage cellulaire à long terme a été développé. Ensuite, le rôle des contre-ions hydrophobes volumineux dans l’auto-assemblage des colorants cationiques à l’intérieur des NPs de polymères a été étudié en testant une large collection d’anions. Nous avons montré qu’une forte hydrophobicité du contre-ion augmente l’encapsulation du colorant, régule son clustering et empêche l’agrégation de nanoparticules, alors qu’une grande taille empêche l’auto-inhibition de fluorescence. Enfin, nous avons introduit les contre-ions à base d’aluminates et de barbiturates, qui sur-performent les tetraphénylborates fluorés. Ce travail procure une base solide au concept d’émission et d’encapsulation augmentées par contre-ions pour la préparation de NPs chargés en colorants fluorescents. / Encapsulation of ionic dyes with help of bulky hydrophobic counterions into polymer nanomaterials emerged as powerful method for generating ultrabright fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for bioimaging. Here, this counterion-based approach is extended to cyanine dyes, operating from blue to near-infrared range. Based on cyanine-loaded NPs, a multicolour cell barcoding method for long-term cell tracking is developed. Second, the role of bulky hydrophobic counterion in self-assembly of cationic dyes inside polymeric NPs is studied by testing a large library of anions. We show that high hydrophobicity of a counterion enhances dye encapsulation, prevents particle aggregation and tunes dye clustering, while large size prevents dyes from self-quenching. Third, counterions based on aluminates and barbiturates are shown to outperform fluorinated tetraphenylborates. This work provides a solid basis for counterion-enhanced encapsulation and emission concept in preparation of dye-loaded fluorescent NPs.

N-methyl-6-hydroxyquinolinium (NM6HQ) is a powerful excited-state proton donor, exhibiting a huge pKa drop from 7.2 in the ground state to -7 in the excited state. The zwitterionic nature of the proton transfer product encourages intramolecular electron transfer away from the hydroxyl moiety to the distal ring, allowing for a large pKa jump in the excited state. This process is reversible, making the NM6HQ salts powerful transient superacids. We have investigated the excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) from NM6HQ salts to various basic solvents (alcohols, DMSO). A model has been developed that adequately describes the ion-dipole interactions in the ESPT geminate-recombination process. Our studies have shown that the counterion plays a large role in the ESPT. Likewise, initiation of cationic polymerization is controlled by the counterion. NM6HQ perfluoroalkylsulfonates appear to be the first molecules reported which are capable of initiating aliphatic epoxide polymerization at room temperature through a proton transfer mechanism.