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Zugl.: Hannover, Univ., Diss., 2006

The diploma thesis deals with credit financing of the company. The aim of the thesis is the analysis of credit policy in a specific company, summarize the major findings of the most importatnt credit instruments, outline the course of the credit process and explain the issues of the security for a debt. The partial aim of the thesis is to analyse specific situation of the providing the bank guarantee. The first half of the thesis is focused on the comparison the differences in a bank overdraft and specific loan. In the second half of the thesis there is a matching of the credit products for small and medium enterprises in terms of Czech banks following the planned acquisition of fixed assets in the company. In the final part of the work is done and a summarized evaluation of the data and proposal of measures to streamline the credit financing.

This diploma thesis deals with the development of the consumer credit market in the Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part is dedicated to characteristics of consumer credit, its anchoring in the Czech legislation, its types, subjects in the consumer credit market and the credit approval process. The second part analyses the statistical data, shows the development of the consumer credit market and the development of the indebtedness of Czech households. The end of thesis contains an estimate of probable future development of this part of market.

This dissertation proposes stress testing of a bank’s corporate credit portfolio in a Basel Internal Ratings Based (IRB) framework, using publicly available macroeconomic variables. Corporate insolvencies are used to derive a credit cycle index, which is linked to macroeconomic variables through a multiple regression model. Probability of default (PD) and loss given default (LGD) that are conditional on the worst state of the credit cycle are derived from through-the-cycle PDs and LGDs. These are then used as stressed inputs into the Basel regulatory and Economic capital calculation for credit risk. Contrary to the usual expert judgement stress testing approaches, where management apply their subjective view to stress the portfolio, this approach allows macroeconomic variables to guide the severity of selected stress testing scenarios. The result is a robust stress testing framework using Rösch and Scheule (2008) conditional LGD that is correlated to the stressed PD. The downturn LGD used here is an alternative to the widely used Federal Reserve downturn LGD which assumes no correlation between PDs and LGDs. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / Unrestricted

The dissertation compares the export credit rating model of the national Export Guarantee and Insurance Agency EGAP with models applied by selected Czech banks. The first part of the dissertation presents a summary of credit risk theory. It depicts the main principles of lending and its risks. The dissertation further describes the factors that influence credit risk and the methods of its modelling. While mathematical risk models project the expected loss as well as its sensitivity to the risk factors, the focus of this thesis lies in qualitative models which set a normalized scale for probability of default, the so called credit rating models. The main contribution of the dissertation lies in the survey carried out among four Czech banks belonging to owners from various countries, from which we get an overview of their rating models. It follows from the gathered information that their models are based on financial indicators when rating the buyers/exporters. The models are also considerably amended by non-financial factors whose importance in certain cases rose following the recent financial crisis. The agency EGAP insures business activities abroad and therefore its model takes into account also specific factors related to the destination country. The main difference between the models of EGAP and the examined banks lies in the method of creation and validation: EGAP does not dispose of sufficient amount of business case studies, so that it has to rely on external consulting services when setting up and validating the model. The dissertation concludes that while all rating models are composed of similar risk factors highlighting past financial indicators of the financed business, each analysed rating model differs significantly in the specific database of business cases that were used to construct the model, depending on the availability of data to the bank/insurer. The conclusion that can be drawn from this fact is that the main factor for successful prevention of future failures of the credit rating models will be the extent of the credit assessment database which will be used for the construction of the respective rating model.

"This project provides a blueprint that will allow Arrowhead Credit Union to clarify and confirm the new sales accountabilities associated with sales jobs within the organization, and to design and implement compensation plans that are successful and aligned with the company's objectives."

The thesis deals with the bank credit risk over enterpreneurial subject with double-entry accounting system. The monitoring of possibilities to acquire the bank credit for future business development is based on operating results. The requisition for the bank credit is being prepared also with for the component for the bank providing the credit.

Thesis (M.Sc. Agriculture (Agricultural Economics) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / Agriculture has long been argued to be the dominant sector of the South African economy. Despite the huge agricultural potential of the country, the agricultural sector is underperforming in Less Developing Countries (LDCs) to some extent because female small-scale farmers, who play a vital role in agriculture, encounter credit constraints because of their gender and this in turn reduce their productivity. Therefore, the gender gap in terms of access to credit indicates that there is a need to reassess the problem of credit access by small-scale farmers on the basis of gender. This study was carried out in the Greater Letaba Municipality (GLM) which is situated in the Mopani District of Limpopo Province, with the aim of analysing factors that influence formal credit access by both female and male small-scale farmers. Structured questionnaires were employed to collect the data for the analyses from 140 sampled small-scale farmers (70 males and 70 females) selected using stratified random sampling technique. The findings of the probit regression model discovered that gender, extension services, land ownership, age, collateral and farm size had a significant positive influence on small-scale farmers` access to formal credit in the GLM. Additionally, the findings further revealed that household size, farming experience, farm-income, marital status had an insignificant negative influence on the small-scale farmers` access to formal credit whereas education level had an insignificant positive influence on the small-scale farmers` access to formal credit. On average, male and female small-scale farmers with access to formal credit were 71 % and 29 %, respectively whereas the male and female small-scale farmers without access to formal credit were 35% and 65%, respectively. The female small-scale farmers` perceptions towards the credit system that were derived from the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are as follows: (i) male smallscale farmers effortlessly get credit from banks contrasted with their female counterparts, (ii) small-scale farmers with more education and collateral tend to access formal credit than their counterparts and (iii) small-scale farmers who are nearest to iii the banks are more likely to access credit than small-scale farmers who are far away. Based on the study findings, a set of recommendations for achieving equitable formal credit access by male and female small-scale farmers were put forward. / National Research Fund (NRF)

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