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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
521

Determinantes do acesso ao crédito empresarial no Brasil: teoria e evidências empíricas. / Determinants of corporate credit access in Brazil: theory and empirical evidence.

Luiz Claudio Barcelos 29 November 2002 (has links)
A economia brasileira é uma das maiores do mundo. Entretanto, em termos de crédito, o Brasil se compara às economias menos desenvolvidas do mundo. Este artigo avalia os determinantes do acesso ao crédito ao nível da firma. A amostra utilizada é formada por 9779 observações distribuídas de 1994 a 1998. Utilizamos a existência de dívida de longo prazo como um indicador de acesso ao crédito. Observou-se que empresas abertas têm maior probabilidade de acessarem crédito devido a maiores exigências legais em relação à regras contábeis e publicação de relatórios financeiros. Enquanto a lei de falências é federal, o enforcement é de responsabilidade das cortes estaduais. Verificamos que empresas sediadas em estados de menor enforcement estão mais sujeitas à restrição. Como esperado, o acesso ao crédito é maior para firmas maiores e com maior grau de imobilização. / Credit rationing is a well-established fact. The Brazilian economy is among the largest in the world. Nonetheless, in terms of credit Brazil compares to very underdeveloped countries. This article examines access to credit at the firm level (9779 observation corresponding to 2285 firms over the 1994-98 period). We use standing long-term debt as indicator of access to credit. We found that enterprises that due to their business organization are bound by law to more restrictive accounting rules and publication of financial statements have increased probability of accessing credit. The same happens to public companies. While Brazilian bankruptcy law is federal, state courts do the enforcement. We found that enterprises incorporated in states with comparatively poor enforcement are more subject to credit constraint. As expected, access to credit is improved with the size and degree of immobilization.
522

O impacto de requerimentos de capital na oferta de crédito bancário no Brasil / The impact of capital requirements in Brazilian banks credit supply

Silva, Denis Blum Ratis e 18 April 2005 (has links)
O presente trabalho se inicia com a apresentação de evidências que indicam que, nos últimos dez anos, o sistema bancário brasileiro tem se mostrado estável, sob o ponto de vista da resistência a choques, e ineficiente, sob a ótica da concessão de crédito. Essa situação de estabilidade e ineficiência motivou a análise da relação entre um importante instrumento de regulação bancária que visa à higidez do sistema, o requerimento de capital, e a oferta de crédito bancário no Brasil. Se, por um lado, a literatura teórica demonstra que o requerimento de capital pode ser um instrumento apropriado ao objetivo a que se propõe, de adequar o risco das operações ativas dos bancos à capacidade de absorção de perdas decorrentes desses mesmos riscos, estudos empíricos, por outro, indicam que a sistemática internacional adotada para essa regulação, definida no Acordo de Basiléia, pode ter tido como efeito colateral a redução das operações de crédito ao setor privado. Considerando-se tais fatores, foi elaborado um modelo cuja hipótese principal é a incidência, em operações de crédito, de “custos de regulação", que seriam negativamente relacionados aos níveis de capital de um banco. Sendo válida essa hipótese, espera-se encontrar, ceteris paribus, uma relação positiva entre o índice de Basiléia e a oferta de crédito de bancos, sendo essa relação acentuada em bancos com índice de Basiléia inferior ao limite mínimo requerido. A hipótese foi testada pela estimação do modelo com a aplicação do método dos momentos generalizado, utilizando-se dados desagregados de bancos brasileiros. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram a importância da regulamentação de capital na decisão de oferta de crédito dos bancos, no sentido previsto pelo modelo. / This dissertation begins by providing evidence which indicates that, over the last ten years, Brazilian banking system has been stable, as far as resilience to shocks is concerned, and inefficient, as regards credit concession. This situation of stability and inefficiency motivated the analysis of the relation between an important banking regulation instrument that targets systemic stability - capital requirement - and the credit supply of Brazilian banks. If, on the one hand, theoretical literature demonstrates that capital requirement may be an appropriate instrument for its purpose (conforming banking asset risks to the capacity of absorbing losses stemming from those same risks), empirical research, on the other hand, indicates that the internationally adopted framework of such regulation, defined by the Basel Accord, may have had as a side effect the decrease of commercial lending. Considering all these points, a model of credit supply in reduced form was elaborated, with its central hypothesis being the incidence, in credit operations, of “regulation costs", which would be negatively related to the capital level of a bank. Under the validity of this hypothesis, one expects to find, ceteris paribus, a positive relation between a bank credit supply and its Basel index. Besides, this relation should be exacerbated in banks whose Basel index stands below the minimum required. The hypothesis was tested through the estimation of the model using the generalized method of moments in non-aggregate Brazilian banking data. The results evidence the importance of capital regulation in banking decision of credit supply, in accordance with the model prediction.
523

Affinity marketing in the credit card business in Hong Kong: a marketing plan for launching an university alumni card.

January 1989 (has links)
by Chiang Kwok Keung, Eric, Fung Shun Ching, Katherine. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaf [9]
524

Estimating jumps for structural models of credit risk.

January 2006 (has links)
Li Chin Pang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Structural Models of Credit Risk --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- Barrier-Independent Models --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Barrier-Dependent Models --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Empirical Literature --- p.10 / Chapter 3 --- Jump-Diffusion Models --- p.13 / Chapter 3.1 --- Analytical Option Pricing Formula --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The Jump-Diffusion Model of Merton --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The Jump-Diffusion Model of Kou --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2 --- Simulation for Options --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Simulation for Barrier-Independent Options --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Brownian Bridge Simulation for DOC Option --- p.20 / Chapter 4 --- Likelihood Function for Equity Returns --- p.24 / Chapter 4.1 --- Likelihood Function on Equity Return --- p.26 / Chapter 4.2 --- Degeneracy Problem of Likelihood Function --- p.27 / Chapter 5 --- The Proposed Framework --- p.31 / Chapter 5.1 --- Penalized Likelihood Estimation --- p.31 / Chapter 5.2 --- Expectation-Maximization Algorithm --- p.36 / Chapter 5.3 --- The MJD Structural Model --- p.41 / Chapter 5.4 --- The K<JD Structural Model --- p.43 / Chapter 5.5 --- Computation of the E-step --- p.47 / Chapter 6 --- Performance of Estimation --- p.49 / Chapter 6.1 --- Simulation Checks --- p.49 / Chapter 6.2 --- Empirical Performance --- p.55 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Bond Selection --- p.55 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.57 / Chapter 7 --- Conclusion --- p.62 / Bibliography --- p.64
525

A Credit-based Home Access Point (CHAP) to Improve Application Quality on IEEE 802.11 Networks

Lee, Choong-Soo 23 June 2010 (has links)
"Increasing availability of high-speed Internet and wireless access points has allowed home users to connect not only their computers but various other devices to the Internet. Every device running different applications requires unique Quality of Service (QoS). It has been shown that delay- sensitive applications, such as VoIP, remote login and online game sessions, suffer increased latency in the presence of throughput-sensitive applications such as FTP and P2P. Currently, there is no mechanism at the wireless AP to mitigate these effects except explicitly classifying the traffic based on port numbers or host IP addresses. We propose CHAP, a credit-based queue management technique, to eliminate the explicit configuration process and dynamically adjust the priority of all the flows from different devices to match their QoS requirements and wireless conditions to improve application quality in home networks. An analytical model is used to analyze the interaction between flows and credits and resulting queueing delays for packets. CHAP is evaluated using Network Simulator (NS2) under a wide range of conditions against First-In-First- Out (FIFO) and Strict Priority Queue (SPQ) scheduling algorithms. CHAP improves the quality of an online game, a VoIP session, a video streaming session, and a Web browsing activity by 20%, 3%, 93%, and 51%, respectively, compared to FIFO in the presence of an FTP download. CHAP provides these improvements similar to SPQ without an explicit classification of flows and a pre- configured scheduling policy. A Linux implementation of CHAP is used to evaluate its performance in a real residential network against FIFO. CHAP reduces the web response time by up to 85% compared to FIFO in the presence of a bulk file download. Our contributions include an analytic model for the credit-based queue management, simulation, and implementation of CHAP, which provides QoS with minimal configuration at the AP."
526

Consumer credit disclosures compared : Consumer Advisory Council ; DoD Directive ; Truth in Lending

Lamb, Cynthia Sprague January 2011 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
527

O tonel das danaides : consumo a crédito, superendividamento e a espoliação dos vulneráveis no Brasil contemporâneo

Hubert, Stefan January 2016 (has links)
Esta dissertação aborda a expansão da oferta de crédito e o consequente endividamento da população ocorridos no Brasil ao longo das últimas duas décadas. Os principais objetivos constituem analisar: o processo que conduz os consumidores ao superendividamento, estabelecendo as principais causas e eventos relacionados ao fenômeno; as formas como os endividados respondem ao endividamento, em termos de mecanismos e estratégias de enfrentamento; as percepções, sentimentos e significados atribuídos à condição de superendividado; e as consequências do superendividamento. A partir de uma perspectiva metodológica qualitativa, realizamos 18 entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com consumidores superendividados atendidos pelo Projeto Piloto de Prevenção ao Superendividamento, no Fórum Central em Porto Alegre. Os sujeitos foram selecionados tomando como critérios a conveniência e acessibilidade e os dados analisados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados encontrados corroboram as hipóteses que levantamos: o endividamento não se explica unicamente em função do consumismo, fator chave elencado na literatura; o fenômeno é complexo e possui uma multiplicidade de causas, relacionadas a elementos estruturais, entre os quais destacamos a desregulamentação das finanças, a estrutura do mercado de trabalho e os níveis de rendimento; estratégias de enfrentamento diversas são adotadas com efeitos distintos que guardam relação com as percepções que os indivíduos têm de suas dívidas, a severidade dos problemas e com seus efeitos. As consequências negativas também são variadas, destacando-se algumas de caráter econômico, como a redução do nível de vida e de consumo. Além desses outros efeitos encontrados são problemas de saúde física e mental, como stress, ansiedade e depressão, que decorrem dos sentimentos negativos de culpa em relação ao endividamento. Enfim, de modo geral, nossa investigação oferece um panorama das discussões teóricas e conceituais no campo da sociologia do crédito e do endividamento. A partir desses debates realizamos uma análise empiricamente fundamentada desses fenômenos constatando que a oferta de crédito, num contexto desfavorável aos consumidores, pela cobrança de altas taxas de juros e inexistência de regulação jurídica, quando direcionada a indivíduos em situação de vulnerabilidade econômica e social, dificultam a administração do orçamento em momentos de crise ou situações não esperadas. Esses elementos em conjunto contribuem na condução ao superendividamento, especialmente de indivíduos com baixos rendimentos ou em situação instável e precária de inserção no mercado de trabalho. Como resultado, essa condição gera um ciclo de pagamento de dívidas e juros capaz de exacerbar condições de pobreza e vulnerabilidade social, contribuindo, assim, para a reprodução das desigualdades sociais. / This research deals with the expansion of consumer credit and the indebtedness in Brazil that has occurred over the last two decades. The main objectives are to analyze the processes that leads consumers to over-indebtedness, establishing the main causes and events related to these phenomena; the ways in which indebted respond to the debts in terms of mechanisms and coping strategies; perceptions, feelings and meanings attributed to over-indebtedness condition; and their consequences. From a qualitative methodological perspective, we conducted 18 semi-structured interviews with over-indebted consumers seeking help in the Projeto Piloto de Prevenção ao Superendividamento, in Porto Alegre. Sample selection considered as criteria convenience and accessibility to interviewed subjects. Data treatment used content analysis techniques. Our results corroborate the raised hypothesis. Firstly, indebtedness cannot be explained solely based on a consumerism perspective, a key factor in the literature. Second, the phenomena are complex and has multiple causes related to structural elements, among which we highlight the deregulation of finance, the structure of the labor market and income levels. Third, various coping strategies are adopted with different effects, related to the perceptions that people have about their debts, the severity of the problems and their effects. Fourth, negative consequences are also varied. Reductions on standards of living and consumption can be highlighted, among others, as the main economic effects. In addition, other consequences found were physical and mental health problems such as stress, anxiety and depression arising from negative feelings of guilt about debt. Furthermore, in general terms, our research provides an overview of the theoretical and conceptual discussions in the field of sociology credit and debt. From these debates, we conducted an empirically based analysis of these phenomena. We conclude, among other founding that credit supply, when offered to individuals in economic and social vulnerable circumstances, particularly, in an unfavorable context featured by charging high interest rates and lacks of legal regulation, hamper budget management in times of crisis or unexpected situations. These elements occurring together can drive to overindebtedness, especially those people with low incomes or in precarious labor conditions. As a result, this condition generates a cycle of debt and interest repayments capable to reproduce or make worse the conditions of poverty and social vulnerability.
528

Rural credit markets in the northeast of Brazil

Besser, Heinz Dieter January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Heinz Dieter Besser. / Ph.D.
529

Auto credit quotation accuracy and truth-in-lending

Thurlow, Annette L. January 2011 (has links)
Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries
530

El Credit Scoring en la Pequeña y Microempresa

Araya Osorio, Pamela Jacquelinne January 2005 (has links)
Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales) / El presente trabajo, describiendo y considerando la situación en que se encuentran las pequeñas y microempresas en nuestro país, analiza sus escenarios en relación al crédito bancario formal. Destacando que los problemas se dan en materia de acceso, monto y plazos. Al mismo tiempo, diferencia los conceptos de crédito a la microempresa y microcrédito, atendiendo al origen de este último, para que el tema no se preste a confusión al momento de abordar una posible solución para hacer frente a los elevados costos de transacción y al riesgo crediticio del cual son presa, no sólo la microempresas, sino también las pequeñas, en el marco del crédito bancario tradicional. Por último, se plantea al Credit Scoring, sistema de evaluación estadístico cuantitativo y luego de analizarlo pormenorizadamente, como una de las mediadas a adoptar por parte de los privados – la banca formal – con el objeto superar la brecha que genera la falta de historial crediticio en este sector empresarial.

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