The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between banking development and economic growth in Namibia. Namibia has eight licenced commercial banks, four of which have been operational prior to the country's independence; Bank Windhoek Limited, First National Bank Namibia Limited, Nedbank Namibia Limited and Standard Bank Namibia Limited (BON, 2018). The other four licenced commercial banks began operating post independence. The banking development indicators employed by this study were broad money to nominal GDP (M2), private sector credit to nominal GDP (PSC), and lending interest rates (INTR). The data used in this study is annual data, covering the period 1991 to 2018, engaging the VAR/VECM framework in order to determine the presence of a long-run and short-run association. In addition, this study engaged the Granger causality methodology in order to determine the casual association between banking development and economic growth. The error correction term equation suggested a long-run relationship between the variables in the VECM, while the results indicated that there are no short run associations amongst the variables. Further, the results of the Granger causality test indicated a bidirectional causality between LNRGDP and LNPSC. In addition, the causality test showed that lags of LNINTR Granger causes LNPSC, which is consistent with the neoclassical theory of interest rate, which pronounces that interest rates are determined by the demand and the supply of loanable funds. Moreover, lags of LNINTR and lags of LNM2 granger causes LNRGDP, which suggest that banking development causes economic growth. The study recommended that the Namibian banks should reform credit policies and decrease the cost of debt in an attempt to avail more credit to the private sector in order to sustain and stimulate economic growth.

現今世界的經濟自由化、金融自由化及國際化潮流，為世界經濟注入一泉活水。然而，人們卻也為這種高度流動性以及蓬勃的經濟成長付出了慘痛代價。金融危機對經濟的影響與重要性，以及對金融業尤其是銀行有著極其深遠的影響。而關係著銀行經營之成敗，也是銀行業務中最重要的授信政策，毫無疑問更是金融銀行業經營的重心、開發各項業務的基礎。因此，如何在金融危機發生時維持良好的授信品質，成為銀行業不可或缺的首要課題之一。 本文利用文獻分析、問卷設計之量化研究、深度訪談之質化研究等方法來分析「金融危機下，銀行如何透過授信政策來改善授信品質」、「以合作金庫為例，合庫採取哪些授信政策來改善授信品質」以及「合作金庫之授信政策，是否能有效改善授信品質」等研究問題，並以合作金庫在全球金融危機(2007-2009年)下，授信政策的有效性進行探討。 本文研究發現，合作金庫在全球金融危機(2007-2009年)之授信政策，以「協助經營艱困企業的紓困政策」最為有效，「風險控管」、「區域授信中心」等其他相關政策也頗具效果，惟「緊縮性放款政策」的成效不彰。研究也發現，授信政策有效性會受到地區性、年資與職稱的影響而有不同的結果。且全球金融危機(2007-2009年)政策的制定深深受到亞洲金融危機(1997-1998年)政策成效與評價的影響。因此本文有以下幾項建議： 一、 有關當局可記取前幾次金融危機的教訓，作為制定授信政策的參考依據，並將政策方向指向改善金融體系或銀行的體質。 二、 銀行與企業經營要良性循環、共體時艱且合作並存。 三、 在考量政策實行的同時，也須以不同地區、年資與職稱的授信員工託付不同性質的授信政策去執行，才能「因地制宜、適才適用」。 / Nowadays, the rise of liberalization of world economic, financial and international trend plays the role of pouring living water into the world economy. However, people suffer from the exorbitant cost caused by the high liquidity and robust economic growth simultaneously. The significance and impact of global financial crisis, especially on financial and banking activities is absolutely crucial. Moreover, credit policies not only determine success or failure in banking, but undoubtedly is the core of financial management as well as the foundation of banking affair. Therefore, maintaining high credit quality under financial crisis has become the most essential issue for the banking system. In this thesis, literature analysis, quantitative questionnaire design and qualitative in-depth interview have been applied to analyze the following questions including “How do banks improve credit quality through credit policies facing financial crisis ?” ,“In the case of Taiwan Cooperative Bank, what kind of credit policies has it adopted to improve credit quality ?”Are these credit policies of Taiwan Cooperative Bank feasible and sufficient to improve credit quality? ”Also, the effectiveness of credit policies of Taiwan Cooperative Bank during global financial crisis (2007-2009) will be discussed. This study discovers that the most effective credit policy of Taiwan Cooperative Bank during global financial crisis (2007-2009) is “The bailout and assistance policies for the tough enterprises”. ”Risk management policy”, “Regional credit center policy” and other relevant policies are also quite effective. On the contrary, “Shrinking and restricting lending policies” proved to be invalid. The research tells us that the effectiveness of credit policies differs from distinct regions, years of seniority, and agent titles. In addition, the policies during global financial crisis (2007-2009) have been deeply influenced by the evaluation of effectiveness during Asian financial crisis (1997-1998). In conclusion, several suggestions are provided. First, the authorities concerned should keep the lessons from previous financial crisis in mind as references for improving credit quality. And the policy-making direction should be oriented to ameliorate the constitution of banking and financial system. Second, banks and connecting enterprises should operate a virtuous circle, cooperate and coexist in difficulties. Third, in consideration of policy implementation, different regions, years of seniority, and agent titles should entrust diverted credit policies to put into practice. In this way, crediting policies can “ Take actions that suit local circumstances and let the right men do the right things.”