Thesis (M.A.)--University of Rochester, 1966. / Bibliography: leaf 87. Digitized version available online via the Sibley Music Library, Eastman School of Music http://hdl.handle.net/1802/1881

Master of Music / School of Music, Theatre, and Dance / Anna Wytko / The saxophone is a versatile instrument utilized in a variety of musical styles. Paul Creston’s Concerto for Alto Saxophone and Orchestra, Claude Debussy’s Rhapsodie pour Orchestre et Saxophone, and Edison Denisov’s Sonate pour Saxophone Alto et Piano are among some of the most important, original works for saxophone. The saxophone can also effectively be utilized in music from earlier time periods. For example, the saxophone is capable of producing tonal colors that closely mirror tonal colors associated with string instruments. These parallels make transcriptions of the Six Suites for Solo Cello by Johann Sebastian Bach particularly effective when performed on saxophone. This master’s report, presented as extended program notes, includes biographical information about the composers, a stylistic overview of the selected works, and thoughtful performance considerations.

This thesis is an investigation of the economic potential for use of 15,000 acres of land in the Kootenay River floodplain at Creston, British Columbia. The Kootenay River flows north into Canada through this floodplain and enters Kootenay Lake 20 miles north of the International Border. The total area of the floodplain between Kootenay Lake and the Border is approximately 36,000 acres, of which 20,000 acres have been reclaimed for agriculture. This study is concerned with 15,000 acres which remain undeveloped, 10,000 acres being provincial Crown land, and 5,000 being Indian Reserve. At present this land is inundated annually by the freshet of the Kootenay River. It provides an important link in the habitat requirements of migratory waterfowl, is used lightly by hunters and fishermen, and provides limited grazing for beef cattle before and after the freshet. The impending completion of Libby Dam, upstream on the Kootenay River at Libby, Montana, will reduce the extent of annual flooding and the costs associated with more intensive use of the land. Consequently, there is considerable interest in intensive development of this land, either for agriculture as with the rest of the floodplain, or as a wildlife management area for the production of wildlife and use in outdoor recreation. Resource managers face the problem of determining which of these alternatives represents the optimum land use. This is a difficult problem, and its solution requires that the benefits and costs associated with each alternative be reduced to a common basis for comparison. This study attempts to make such comparisons on a rigorous basis through the use of benefit-cost analysis. The feasibility of each land use alternative is assessed, and comparisons made on the basis of the net present worth of benefits minus costs. The principles of benefit-cost analysis are well developed, and its application is not difficult when project costs and benefits are adequately reflected in factor prices. Difficulties are encountered in the present study, however, where the output from development for wildlife and outdoor recreation is not marketed and there are no prices to reflect the values created. In analysing the wildlife-recreation alternative, values are imputed to the recreational opportunities using recently developed concepts in evaluating non-priced resource uses. While values are established for direct recreational use, other important aspects of the output under this development are not valued (the production of wildlife independent of recreational use, the preservation of rare species, the fulfillment of international obligations regarding migratory birds). The analysis of this alternative is thus restricted to a comparison between the full costs and only those benefits which are expressed in monetary terms. A further important issue is that the relevant measure of benefits and costs may differ, depending on the 'referent group' from whose point of view the analysis is conducted. To demonstrate the importance of this matter the analysis in this study is conducted from the point of view of three referent groups, the local Creston economy, the province of British Columbia, and Canada as a whole. The outcome of a benefit-cost analysis may also be sensitive to the discount rate adopted, and the sensitivity is tested in this study using rates of six, eight and 10 per cent. Despite the difficulties of expressing all costs and benefits in monetary terms, a rigorous analysis is undertaken and provides the basis for a clear choice of the optimum form of land use. Analysis of agricultural reclamation reveals it to be feasible, with net present values of primary and secondary benefits ranging from $2.4 million from the local perspective to $2.2 million from the provincial and national points of view. Offset against these tangible net benefits are the intangible costs associated with the destruction of existing wildlife habitat and wildlife species. Analysis of the wildlife-recreation development produces widely varying results, depending on the referent group adopted. The net present value of primary and secondary benefits is estimated at $2.1 million from the local viewpoint, $4.6 million provincially, and $7.3 million from the point of view of Canada as a whole. In addition to these quantified values, this development will produce important unmeasurable benefits. In comparing the two, the net benefits estimated for agricultural development can be interpreted as maximum values, ignoring as they do some of the costs associated with wildlife losses. The net benefits estimated from the wildlife-recreation development are regarded as minimum values, since important additional values associated with wildlife production are not quantified.. Viewed in this light the choice between alternatives favors the wildlife-recreation development from both provincial and national perspectives, but is less clear at the local level. Since a basic premise of the study is that the provincial viewpoint is appropriate for decision making, it is concluded that the wildlife-recreation development represents the optimum land use. / Arts, Faculty of / Vancouver School of Economics / Graduate

The general purpose of this paper is the discussion of the interpretation and performance of rhythm within the context of Paul Creston's five rhythmic structures. Specific objectives are to bring to light Creston's unique rhythmic terminology, theories, and structures; and to interpret rhythm at the piano with an emphasis on accent, pedaling, articulation, balance of textures, and pace.

Paul Creston (1906-1985) was one of the most significant American composers from the middle of the twentieth century. Though Creston maintained elements of the nineteenth-century Romantic tradition and was categorized as a “Neo-Romantic” or “20th-century traditionalist,” many of Creston’s compositions contain elements of Baroque music. His Piano Sonata, Opus 9 provides significant examples of Baroque elements, while already foreshadowing his mature style. The purpose of this study is to explore Baroque elements in the compositional language of Paul Creston’s Piano Sonata, Opus 9. All four movements of the Piano Sonata will be examined in regards to its stylistic features associated with Baroque practices. These features mainly consist of rhythm, texture, imitative writing, and repeated phrase structure. Each category of the study will include comparisons of Domenico Scarlatti’s keyboard sonatas with Creston’s sonata. Through an examination of the Piano Sonata and its Baroque elements, this study hopes to inspire renewed interest in the work among musicians and to help the performer give a more stylistically coherent, and accurate, performance.

Paul Creston var en nytänkande och delvis självlärd kompositör som år 1939 komponerade en sonat för saxofon och piano. Syftet med detta arbete var att genom en analys av Crestons sonat ge en enskild musiker ökad förståelse för musikaliska utmaningar. Genom en systematisk analysmetod uppbyggd av musikaliska former, teman, motiv och harmonik analyserades verket. Analysen utfördes först satsvis och därefter analyserades verket som helhet. Resultatet visade på att en djupgående musikalisk analys förbättrar musikerns interpretation och tolkning. Vidare presenterades även resultatet att musikanalys som verktyg i inövningen kunde förkorta själva inlärningsfasen i övningen. Diskussionen visade slutligen på att denna studie krävde fler liknande studier med större omfång för att med säkerhet stärka resultaten. / <p>Inspelning bifogas med</p><p>Sonata för altaxofon i ess och piano, opus 19 Paul Creston Medverkande musikerAnna Johansen - saxofon Mårten Landström - piano </p>

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