This study reflects a critical analysis of the procedures followed in child rape cases in Mpumalanga Province and in the process to enhance investigative capabilities with sound detective development. Empirical research was conducted with a literature review, docket analysis and interviews as methods to obtain information where the following important aspects were addressed: an overview of the field of forensic investigation, the shortcomings with regard to child rape investigations and correct procedures for conducting child rape investigations formulated. The study found that generally rape cases were not properly investigated, correct procedures were not followed (biological/physical evidence was not readily identified nor correctly handled) and applicable directives pertaining to child rape investigations not complied with. Investigators had a narrow understanding of the concept forensic investigation. In child rape investigations it would be of more evidential value and reliable to collect physical evidence such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids and saliva as the child’s testimony at court might not be reliable, particularly when subjected to cross examination. Rape is both a contact crime as well as a psychologically motivated crime and both aspects of the trauma needs attention during the investigation process. Crimes against women and children are also a national concern, thus making child rape a priority crime for the South African Police Service. For any successful prosecution it is necessary that policy and correct procedures are not compromised but rather strictly adhered to. The Locard Principle in relation to physical evidence such as body fluids at the crime scene needs to be focussed on during the investigation process. The research suggests that the current standing operating procedures be amended to include the critical aspects of child rape investigation such as processing of the crime scene, the search for biological evidence as well as the packaging and preservation of biological evidence. / Police Practice / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)

Un phénomène de résistance au traitement pharmacologique chez les personnes souffrant de maladies psychiatriques graves et persistantes comme la schizophrénie, tel que révélé par la pratique des soins psychiatriques communautaires de première ligne, sert de point de départ pour poser une distinction fondamentale entre les notions de traitement et de soins. Conséquemment, la question du consentement selon qu’il est attribué au traitement ou aux soins suggère des formes de consentement distinctes susceptible d’affecter la façon de faire face à des problèmes particuliers sur le plan de l’éthique. L’analyse conceptuelle d’un certain modèle d’interventions psychiatriques de crise, qui regroupe des travailleurs de la santé et des policiers au sein d’une même équipe de travail, permet de circonscrire des catégories de problèmes éthiques qui conduiront éventuellement à la formalisation d’une approche de résolution de problème. Trois façons d’approcher un problème d’éthique clinique sont proposées sous la forme d’enjeux, de dilemmes, puis de défis éthiques. L’intervention de crise y est catégorisée selon quatre niveaux d’intensité de crise, donnant lieu à une appréciation subjective par le soignant de la capacité de la personne soignée d’établir et de maintenir une relation de soins en situation de crise. Des parallèles entre les soins psychiatriques et les soins palliatifs permettent d’approfondir la question de la souffrance en lien avec la douleur et de distinguer à nouveau les notions de soins et de traitement. La relation de soins est présentée comme une occasion de normaliser les rapports entre soignants et soignés, de valoriser un état de souffrance à l’origine de la rencontre de soins, tout en mettant à profit la dimension relationnelle d’une condition qui appelle à être non pas traitée mais soignée. Ces considérations permettent de dégager une responsabilité nouvelle pour le soignant : celle de se faire le gardien de la relation de soins. Une transition du primum non nocere au primum non excludere : d’abord ne pas exclure est suggérée comme une maxime pour guider la relation de soins vers un consentement aux soins plus authentique. / Resistance to or non-compliance with medical interventions on the part of people presenting with severe and persistent manifestations of a psychiatric disorder, such as schizophrenia, will be the context in which to develop a formal distinction between the concepts of treatment and care, and subsequently between the consent to treatment and consent to care as separate forms of consent. The practice of first line community psychiatry will serve as a starting point to raise interesting challenges from an ethical standpoint. This thesis will explore the ethical implications of consent within a therapeutic relationship. Discussion around a specific model of crisis intervention characterized by a multidisciplinary approach will lead to the categorization of ethical problems and the formalization of a problem-solving model. A three-fold approach to ethical problems will be presented in terms of issues, dilemmas and ethical challenges. Crisis intervention will be categorized into four increasing levels of intensity based on the subjective assessment of a person in crisis and their capacity to establish and maintain a therapeutic rapport with a caregiver, throughout and beyond the crisis. Parallels between psychiatric and palliative care will be established in order to question the concepts of suffering and pain and to stress the importance of setting distinctions, once again, between care and treatment. The rapport that can develop between a caregiver and a person cared for will be presented as an opportunity to normalize a specific therapeutic rapport and value a perceived state of suffering calling for change, a condition that requires not treatment, but rather caring. These considerations will lead to the identification of a new goal for the caregiver, that is, to preserve the therapeutic rapport. A transition from the primum non nocere to a primum non excludere, i.e., “first, do not exclude “will serve as a motto to provide guidance towards a more authentic consent to care.

This thesis deals with the school crisis plan as one of the methods to help teachers with solving situations in consequence of risk behavior of pupils. School crisis plan is a set of procedures solving risk situations which may occur in the school environment as a result of risk behaviour of pupils. The thesis is composed of five basic parts. The first four parts are theoretical. They deal with the general concept of the school crisis plan and its integration into the system of preventive action within the school risk behavior. An important part is also a description of the roles of teachers with regard to crisis situations in school and the possibility of their cooperation, which I see as one of the most crucial points of effective implementation of the crisis plan of the school. Another equally crucial point in the effective implementation of the school crisis plan are competence of teachers, which are also listed in this section of my thesis. The fifth part of the thesis deals with the practical use of school crisis plan. There are several approaches to solving specific situations that may appear in school within the risk behaviors. These procedures are shown graphically for easy orientation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of forensic nurses when providing care to victims of sexual assault in selected public hospitals of Limpopo province. Methods: A qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was employed in this study. A sample of 7 registered nurses was purposively selected to partake in in-depth unstructured interviews. Results: Four themes associated with the experience of providing care to victims of sexual assaults emerged during data analysis. These included (1) psychological experiences of nursing victims of sexual assault, (2) physical challenges associated with implementing the forensic nursing specialty in a clinical setting, (3) psychological coping strategies to deal with challenges experienced, and (4) the experience of managerial support. Conclusion: Participants reported negative psychological and physical experiences of providing care to victims of sexual assault, which resulted to occupational stress. Recommendations of forensic nurses support guidelines and further research were made. / Health Studies / M. A. (Health Studies)

Un phénomène de résistance au traitement pharmacologique chez les personnes souffrant de maladies psychiatriques graves et persistantes comme la schizophrénie, tel que révélé par la pratique des soins psychiatriques communautaires de première ligne, sert de point de départ pour poser une distinction fondamentale entre les notions de traitement et de soins. Conséquemment, la question du consentement selon qu’il est attribué au traitement ou aux soins suggère des formes de consentement distinctes susceptible d’affecter la façon de faire face à des problèmes particuliers sur le plan de l’éthique. L’analyse conceptuelle d’un certain modèle d’interventions psychiatriques de crise, qui regroupe des travailleurs de la santé et des policiers au sein d’une même équipe de travail, permet de circonscrire des catégories de problèmes éthiques qui conduiront éventuellement à la formalisation d’une approche de résolution de problème. Trois façons d’approcher un problème d’éthique clinique sont proposées sous la forme d’enjeux, de dilemmes, puis de défis éthiques. L’intervention de crise y est catégorisée selon quatre niveaux d’intensité de crise, donnant lieu à une appréciation subjective par le soignant de la capacité de la personne soignée d’établir et de maintenir une relation de soins en situation de crise. Des parallèles entre les soins psychiatriques et les soins palliatifs permettent d’approfondir la question de la souffrance en lien avec la douleur et de distinguer à nouveau les notions de soins et de traitement. La relation de soins est présentée comme une occasion de normaliser les rapports entre soignants et soignés, de valoriser un état de souffrance à l’origine de la rencontre de soins, tout en mettant à profit la dimension relationnelle d’une condition qui appelle à être non pas traitée mais soignée. Ces considérations permettent de dégager une responsabilité nouvelle pour le soignant : celle de se faire le gardien de la relation de soins. Une transition du primum non nocere au primum non excludere : d’abord ne pas exclure est suggérée comme une maxime pour guider la relation de soins vers un consentement aux soins plus authentique. / Resistance to or non-compliance with medical interventions on the part of people presenting with severe and persistent manifestations of a psychiatric disorder, such as schizophrenia, will be the context in which to develop a formal distinction between the concepts of treatment and care, and subsequently between the consent to treatment and consent to care as separate forms of consent. The practice of first line community psychiatry will serve as a starting point to raise interesting challenges from an ethical standpoint. This thesis will explore the ethical implications of consent within a therapeutic relationship. Discussion around a specific model of crisis intervention characterized by a multidisciplinary approach will lead to the categorization of ethical problems and the formalization of a problem-solving model. A three-fold approach to ethical problems will be presented in terms of issues, dilemmas and ethical challenges. Crisis intervention will be categorized into four increasing levels of intensity based on the subjective assessment of a person in crisis and their capacity to establish and maintain a therapeutic rapport with a caregiver, throughout and beyond the crisis. Parallels between psychiatric and palliative care will be established in order to question the concepts of suffering and pain and to stress the importance of setting distinctions, once again, between care and treatment. The rapport that can develop between a caregiver and a person cared for will be presented as an opportunity to normalize a specific therapeutic rapport and value a perceived state of suffering calling for change, a condition that requires not treatment, but rather caring. These considerations will lead to the identification of a new goal for the caregiver, that is, to preserve the therapeutic rapport. A transition from the primum non nocere to a primum non excludere, i.e., “first, do not exclude “will serve as a motto to provide guidance towards a more authentic consent to care.

Providing aid to the inhabitants struck by the stress incentives is on a good level. The findings show that the system of aid providing is set and guarantees its functionality as well as efficiency. Its part is also the preparation of the members of components of the Integrated Rescue System to provide the aid during the stress load of the inhabitants. It is provided on the sufficient level with a significant effort of services bodies and services bodies for its development and structuring. The problem consists in the level of preparedness of the inhabitants. Their behaviour does not correspond to the needs, the people behave in a chaotic way, do not respect the instructions, underestimated the danger. The reason is not that no suitable conditions were created for their preparation or that such a preparation was not performed at all. It was found out that the offer for the substantial education of inhabitants is on the sufficient level and has an adequate scope. Also its forms cover real expectations. The problem is its limited usage by inhabitants for the reason of underestimation of risks and danger. The people are indifferent and persuaded they personally cannot be endangered or struck. The consequence is the state in which neither the individuals nor their communities are prepared on the extraordinary events and they do not know how to behave during them rationally and safely. This leads to the further deepening of the stress load and to the gradation of the initiated psychological problems. As a solution, the creation of a general public meaning is recommended alerting to danger of extraordinary events and to the necessity of a responsible personal preparation on them, including the awareness of the associated psychological endangerment.

The thesis deals with a problem whether it is ethical to end one´s own life. It reflects various situations where life is at stake, such as suicide, self-killing, martyrdom and euthanasia. The thesis is structured to reflect individual phenomena. In the same time, it opines about suicide problems from a point of view of social work and it describes how an individual with suicidal tendencies can be helped.

Options and application pastoral theology in posttraumatic team HZS CR. The thesis is divided into three sections. The first section dedicates to the process of developing psychological service in selected components of integrated rescue systém and the formation and other developing of teams who have to provide psychological assistance during some extraordinary events. It also pays attention to the theoretical cognition of stress problems, traumas and posttraumatic disorders. The significant chapter is the part that is concerned with communication which is the main resource while providing help. The second section dedicates to the practical theology, its origin and gradual development in Central Europe. They are listed two main concepts of developing the practical theology which are important for understanding next formation and the possibility of using practical theology in interdisciplinary activities. Analysis of the constitutive elements of the Church is the mainstay. Main attention is paid to diakonia and linking charitable service of the Church. The third and also closing part includes the practical verification findings via questionnaire. The results and comments gained thanks to questionnaire as well with theoretical knowledge and practice of professional life enable the final evaluation of the whole work. This file is supposted to help while seeking the answer on original question of possibility of cooperation and using already mentioned disciplines while providing help.

Post-crisis intervention care in situations of danger in the Police of the Czech Republic. The topic of this diploma thesis consists in taking a deeper view into post-crisis intervention care in the Czech Police. The primary goal of the diploma thesis is to verify whether in the Czech Police a functional system of post-crisis intervention care is created that policemen or also their families can use if necessary. Further, we were interested whether there are opinions, attitudes and prejudice among policemen concerning the use of post-crisis intervention care. Therefore, in the theoretical part the diploma thesis deals with basic psychological terms that are closely related to the field of post-traumatic care in the Czech Police and summarizes issues of psychological care in the Czech Police. The entire object of the research is mapping the current situation of providing post-crisis care to policemen, the degree of awareness of this service, attitudes of policemen to using this service and last, but not least, purposefulness and efficiency of this service. An integral part of the goal of the work was an analysis of factors that facilitate or complicate the process of providing post-crisis care and suggestion of possible measures to make its functioning more efficient as well as finding main causes of insufficient utilisation of post-crisis intervention care by policemen. In compliance with the goal of the thesis a quantitative survey was carried out and the most suitable methods were used in such a way that the specified goal could be achieved in the most efficient way. The results of the survey carried out by us have confirmed that in the Czech Police a functioning system of post-crisis intervention care is created that policemen can use if necessary. The survey has also indicated that policemen are sufficiently informed about the system of post-crisis intervention care and that this system corresponds to the needs of police practice. However, the survey has also revealed that negative opinions, attitudes and prejudice concerning the psychological service of the Czech Police persist in policemen's minds. Reducing these negative tendencies would certainly contribute to more efficient utilisation of this service.

This research journey examines the process of co-creating, along with my co-travellers (research participants), a more holistic approach to trauma debriefing. Whilst incorporating elements of Mitchell's (1983) Critical Incidence Stress Debriefing model (C.I.S.D.), our point of difference has been to adopt a narrative pastoral approach. This was achieved by introducing spirituality and narrative therapy practices. Our research pathway has been further shaped by adopting a qualitative research approach within a postmodern, social construction discourse. My research curiosity was invited by both the mind, body and soul divide expressed in psychology; and the healing possibilities of spirituality I have witnessed in both my own and in the lives of others. While my co-travellers predominantly preferred to express their spirituality in terms of Christianity, our narrative pastoral approach to trauma debriefing is offered to people of all religious persuasions. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (with specialisation in Pastoral therapy)