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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Synthesis and characterization of optical nanocrystals and nanostructures. An approach to transparent laser nanoceramics

Galceran Mestres, Montserrat 16 February 2010 (has links)
Synthesis and characterization of optical nanocrystals and nanostructures. An approach to transparent laser nanoceramicsMontserrat Galceran MestresEls materials nanocristal·lins són materials policristal·lins amb una mida de partícula en el rang dels nanòmetres. Presenten diferents propietats físiques, òptiques, electròniques, químiques i estructurals perquè tenen una proporció més elevada d'àtoms a la superfície que els materials en volum. La síntesi de nanocristalls és la primera etapa per fabricar materials nanoceràmics per a aplicacions làser. Són atractius per a làsers en estat sòlid perquè ofereixen avantatges com ara: baix cost, fabricació senzilla i bones propietats mecàniques i òptiques.Aquesta tesi tracta la síntesi i caracterització de nous nanomaterials òptics (KRE(WO4)2, RE2O3, KTiOPO4) dopats amb ions actius com les terres rares (RE), erbi, iterbi, holmi i europi com a primera etapa per sintetitzar noves ceràmiques làser Ho:Lu2O3. Per avaluar les qualitats d'aquests materials com a possibles làser en estat sòlid o materials d'òptica nolinear, s'ha dut a terme una caracterització estructural, òptica i espectroscòpica aquests nanomaterials (nanocristalls, nanoestructures i nanoceràmiques).Synthesis and characterization of optical nanocrystals and nanostructures. An approach to transparent laser nanoceramicsMontserrat Galceran MestresNanocrystalline materials are polycrystalline materials with a particle size in the nanometer range that have different physical, optical, electronic, chemical and structural properties because they have a larger fraction of surface atoms than larger-scale materials. The synthesis of nanocrystals is the first step in manufacturing nanoceramic laser materials; they are very attractive to solid state laser due to several advantages such as low cost, easy fabrication and good mechanical and optical properties.This thesis deals with the synthesis and characterization of new optical nanomaterials (KRE(WO4)2, RE2O3, KTiOPO4) doped with active rare earth (RE) ions as erbium, ytterbium, holmium and europium as a first step to synthesize a new Ho:Lu2O3 laser ceramics. An extensively structural, optical and spectroscopic characterization of the nanomaterials (nanocrystals, nanostructures and nanoceramics) was performed in order to evaluate these materials as a promising solid state laser or nonlinear optical materials.
2

[en] DEVELOPING A VERSATILE MONOCHROMATIZATION SYSTEM FOR X-RAYS / [pt] DESENVOLVIMENTO DE UM SISTEMA DE MONOCROMATIZAÇÃO VERSÁTIL PARA RAIOS-X

MARCO ROGERIO VIEIRA 01 June 2010 (has links)
[pt] A investigação da dinâmica da interação de raios-X de alta energia e moléculas de interesse biológico impõe que a energia dos raios-X seja bem definida, de modo que se possa estabelecer a dependência entre os padrões de ionização e fragmentação molecular com a energia do feixe incidente. Com este objetivo, um sistema versátil foi projetado, construído e caracterizado para ser utilizado como monocromador do feixe de amplo espectro produzido por um tubo de raios-X modelo ISOVOLT 160 M2. O sistema de monocromatização consiste de um par de cristais montados sobre duas mesas transladoras fixadas a um goniômetro de alta precisão, fabricados pela Newport Corporation. Esta configuração permite movimentos de translação independentes para os dois cristais, associados a um movimento de rotação do sistema como um todo com respeito à direção de incidência do feixe de raios-X. Estes movimentos, juntamente com uma escolha conveniente do par de cristais para uma dada faixa de energia - o que depende do material e da orientação dos cristais -, permitirão a cobertura de uma região muito extensa de energias de raios-X, de alguns até cerca de 100 kV. Quando este sistema se encontrar totalmente operacional, será possível realizar uma grande variedade de experiências nos campos da Física de Colisões e das Radiações, tais como, fragmentação molecular induzida por raios- X, fluorescência e difração seletivas em cristais, avaliação em tempo real de danos induzidos por raios-X em tecidos biológicos, testes não destrutivos em materiais, dentre muitas outras aplicações. / [en] The investigation of the dynamics of the interaction of high-energy X-rays and molecules of biological interest requires the energy of the X-rays to be well defined, so that one can establish the dependence of the molecular ionization and fragmentation patterns as functions of the incident beam energy. For this purpose, a versatile system for the monochromatization of the broadband beams produced by an ISOVOLT 160M2 X-ray tube has been designed, constructed and characterized. The monochromator consists of a pair of crystals mounted on two translator tables fixed on a high-precision goniometer, all manufactured by Newport Corp. This configuration allows independent translational motions for the two crystals, associated to a rotational motion of the whole system in respect to the direction of the incident X-ray beam. These motions, together with a convenient choice of the pair of crystals for a given energy range - which depends on the material and orientation of the crystals -, will allow us to cover a wide range of X-rays energies, roughly from few to around 100 keV. However, it has not yet been possible to distinguish energy-defined X-ray peaks with the complete two-crystal system. Some of the possible causes may be related to the large angular dispersion of the incident beam and to the need of more accurate adjustments of the parallelism between both crystals. When this system is fully operational, it will be possible to perform a large variety of experiments in the fields of collision and radiation physics, such as, molecular fragmentation by Xrays, selective fluorescence and diffraction in crystals, real-time evaluation of Xray- induced damage in biological tissues, non-destructive testing of materials, among many other aplications.

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