No description available.

Living specimens of Cryptomeria japonica D.Don var. radicans Nakai collected in western Japan were analyzed to evaluate the research potential of this tree species for future development of dendrochronology and dendroclimatology in Japan. A sufficiently strong correlation of tree growth with climatic factors was obtained in the residual chronology in which the variance due to autocorrelation was removed. It was also revealed that regional average climatic data are strongly correlated with tree growth. Thus, Cryptomeria japonica appears to have a promising potential for chronology- building and climatic reconstruction in Japan.

The purpose of this study is to compare the bird communities between mature secondary forests and Cryptomeria (Cryptomeria japonica) plantations. Bird census was carried out in Teng-jhih National Forest Recreation Area, Kaohsiung county, Taiwan during both breeding season and non-breeding season from March to November in 2007. To compare bird communities between two types of forests, diversity index, evenness index, species richness and densities of bird were calculated. Densities of birds were estimated by variable circular-plot point count method. All birds were classified into 10 assemblage guilds. ANOVA was used to examine whether forest types, breeding season and monthly changes will effect the composition of bird communities. A total of 36 bird species of 19 families were recorded during the study period. All of these species were found in secondary forests, and only 27 of them were observed in Cryptomeria plantations. The results showed that bird diversity, abundance and total densities were higher in secondary forests than those in Cryptomeria plantations, either during breeding season or non-breeding season. Canopy tree species of families, Lauraceae and Fagaceae of the secondary forests which can provide more foods than Cryptomeria, canopy foliage omnivores and woodpeckers were more in secondary forests than in Cryptomeria plantations. On the other hand, the openess of shrubs and understory vegetation in the Cryptomeria plantations, shrub foliage omnivores were more in Cryptomeria plantations than in secondary forests.

博士(理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Science / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

MADS-box genes are important regulators of reproductive development in seed plants, including both flowering plants and conifers. In this thesis the evolution of the AGAMOUS subfamily of MADS-box genes, and what the ancestral function of this group of genes might have been in the early seed plants about 300 million years ago, was addressed by the discovery of two novel conifer genes, both basal to all previously known AGAMOUS subfamily genes. DAL20, the most basal of these genes, was exclusively expressed in roots, unlike all previously known AGAMOUS subfamily genes. I also studied the evolutionary mechanisms leading to functional diversification of duplicated genes in two different subfamilies of MADS-box genes; the AGAMOUS and AGL6 subfamilies. Focus was on studying changes in gene expression pattern, representing changes in the transcriptional regulation between the genes, and on comparing the functional properties of the gene products, representing changes in the protein-coding sequence between the genes. Duplicated genes in the AGL6 subfamily were found to have evolved by both mechanisms. In the AGAMOUS subfamily I found duplicated spruce genes; DAL2 and DAL20, that appear to have functionally diversified mainly by changes in the transcriptional regulation. Conifer AGAMOUS subfamily genes were also used in a comparative developmental-genetics approach to evaluate hypotheses, based on the morphology of fossil and extant conifer seed cones, on the identity of the female reproductive organ, the ovuliferous scale, and the evolution of seed cone morphology in the conifer families Pinaceae, Taxodiaceae and Cupressaceae. Seed cones in these families have been hypothesized to have homologous ovule-bearing organs, but I found substantial differences in the expression patterns of orthologous AGAMOUS subfamily genes in seed cones of these families that are not compatible with this hypothesis, indicating that the evolutionary history of conifer seed cones is more diverse than previously thought.

農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。

農林水産研究情報センターで作成したPDFファイルを使用している。