Spelling suggestions: "subject:"tubes."" "subject:"cubic.""
51 |
Convex Cycle BasesHellmuth, Marc, Leydold, Josef, Stadler, Peter F. January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Convex cycles play a role e.g. in the context of product graphs. We introduce convex cycle bases and describe a polynomial-time algorithm that recognizes whether a given graph has a convex cycle basis and provides an explicit construction in the positive case. Relations between convex cycles bases and other types of cycles bases are discussed. In particular we show that if G has a unique minimal cycle bases, this basis is convex. Furthermore, we characterize a class of graphs with convex cycles bases that includes partial cubes and hence median graphs. (authors' abstract) / Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
|
52 |
Efficacy of Reward Allotment on Children's Motivation and Learning: Toward a Potential Means of Developing 21st Century Knowledge Building SkillsXu, Zhenhua 11 July 2013 (has links)
The present study assesses the effects of reward allotment for a highly motivating game through the examination of students’ variations in response to different schedules of reinforcement. Fifty-four Chinese children from preschool to grade three participated by playing a number-matching game on Sifteo cubes. Two types of reward allotment—a 25%-chance-of-winning reinforcement schedule, and an escalating 25-75% reinforcement schedule—were examined in the number-matching game. Overall, the results proved that both reinforcement schedules effectively sustained children’s motivation in playing the game. In this experimental study I hypothesized that if the findings could be replicated in an extremely simple game that does not have the manifold array of additional motivators found in commercial successful video games, we could have a powerful motivating element to be used in educational games, given that digital games are potentially beneficial in helping students to develop 21st-century skills such as collaborative and problem-solving skills.
|
53 |
Efficacy of Reward Allotment on Children's Motivation and Learning: Toward a Potential Means of Developing 21st Century Knowledge Building SkillsXu, Zhenhua 11 July 2013 (has links)
The present study assesses the effects of reward allotment for a highly motivating game through the examination of students’ variations in response to different schedules of reinforcement. Fifty-four Chinese children from preschool to grade three participated by playing a number-matching game on Sifteo cubes. Two types of reward allotment—a 25%-chance-of-winning reinforcement schedule, and an escalating 25-75% reinforcement schedule—were examined in the number-matching game. Overall, the results proved that both reinforcement schedules effectively sustained children’s motivation in playing the game. In this experimental study I hypothesized that if the findings could be replicated in an extremely simple game that does not have the manifold array of additional motivators found in commercial successful video games, we could have a powerful motivating element to be used in educational games, given that digital games are potentially beneficial in helping students to develop 21st-century skills such as collaborative and problem-solving skills.
|
54 |
Dépendances fonctionnelles : extraction et exploitationGarnaud, Eve 19 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Les dépendances fonctionnelles fournissent une information sémantique sur les données d'une table en mettant en lumière les liens de corrélation qui les unient. Dans cette thèse, nous traitons du problème de l'extraction de ces dépendances en proposant un contexte unifié permettant la découverte de n'importe quel type de dépendances fonctionnelles (dépendances de clé, dépendances fonctionnelles conditionnelles, que la validité soit complète ou approximative). Notre algorithme, ParaCoDe, s'exécute en parallèle sur les candidats, réduisant ainsi le temps global de calcul. De ce fait, il est très compétitif vis-à-vis des approches séquentielles connues à ce jour. Les dépendances satisfaites sur une table nous servent à résoudre le problème de la matérialisation partielle du cube de données. Nous présentons une caractérisation de la solution optimale dans laquelle le coût de chaque requête est borné par un seuil de performance fixé préalablement et dont la taille est minimale. Cette spécification de la solution donne un cadre unique pour décrire et donc comparer formellement les techniques de résumé de cubes de données.
|
55 |
Proposition d'une nouvelle méthode de conception de cubes SOLAP exploitant des données spatiales vagues / Handling spatial vagueness issues in SOLAP datacubes by introducing a risk-aware approach in their designEdoh-Alove, Djogbénuyè Akpé 10 April 2015 (has links)
Les systèmes Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing (SOLAP) permettent de prendre en charge l’analyse multidimensionnelle en ligne d’un très grand volume de données ayant une référence spatiale. Dans ces systèmes, le vague spatial n’est généralement pas pris en compte, ce qui peut être source d’erreurs dans les analyses et les interprétations des cubes de données SOLAP, effectuées par les utilisateurs finaux. Bien qu’il existe des modèles d’objets ad-hoc pour gérer le vague spatial, l’implantation de ces modèles dans les systèmes SOLAP est encore à l’état embryonnaire. En outre, l’introduction de tels modèles dans les systèmes SOLAP accroit la complexité de l’analyse au détriment de l’utilisabilité dans bon nombre de contextes applicatifs. Dans cette thèse nous nous proposons d’investiguer la piste d’une nouvelle approche visant un compromis approprié entre l’exactitude théorique de la réponse au vague spatial, la facilité d’implantation dans les systèmes SOLAP existants et l’utilisabilité des cubes de données fournis aux utilisateurs finaux.Les objectifs de cette thèse sont donc de jeter les bases d’une approche de conception de cube SOLAP où la gestion du vague est remplacée par la gestion des risques de mauvaises interprétations induits, d’en définir les principes d’une implantation pratique et d’en démontrer les avantages.En résultats aux travaux menés, une approche de conception de cubes SOLAP où le risque de mauvaise interprétation est considéré et géré de manière itérative et en adéquation avec les sensibilités des utilisateurs finaux quant aux risques potentiels identifiés a été proposée; des outils formels à savoir un profil UML adapté, des fonctions de modification de schémas multidimensionnels pour construire les cubes souhaités, et un processus formel guidant de telles transformations de schémas ont été présentés; la vérification de la faisabilité de notre approche dans un cadre purement informatique avec la mise en oeuvre de l’approche dans un outil CASE (Computed Aided Software Engineering) a aussi été présentée. Pour finir, nous avons pu valider le fait que l’approche fournisse non seulement des cubes aussi compréhensibles et donc utilisables que les cubes classiques, mais aussi des cubes où le vague n’est plus laissé de côté, sans aucun effort pour atténuer ses impacts sur les analyses et les prises de décision des utilisateurs finaux. / SOLAP (Spatial On-Line Analytical Processing) systems support the online multi-dimensional analysis of a very large volume of data with a spatial reference. In these systems, the spatial vagueness is usually not taken into account, which can lead to errors in the SOLAP datacubes analyzes and interpretations end-users make. Although there are ad-hoc models of vague objects to manage the spatial vagueness, the implementation of these models in SOLAP systems is still in an embryonal state. In addition, the introduction of such models in SOLAP systems increases the complexity of the analysis at the expense of usability in many application contexts. In this thesis we propose to investigate the trail of a new approach that makes an appropriate compromise between the theoretical accuracy of the response to the spatial vagueness, the ease of implementation in existing SOLAP systems and the usability of datacubes provided to end users.The objectives of this thesis are to lay the foundations of a SOLAP datacube design approach where spatial vagueness management in itself is replaced by the management of risks of misinterpretations induced by the vagueness, to define the principles of a practical implementation of the approach and to demonstrate its benefits.The results of this thesis consist of a SOLAP datacube design approach where the risks of misinterpretation are considered and managed in an iterative manner and in line with the end users tolerance levels regarding those risks; formal tools namely a suitable UML (Unified Modeling Language) profile, multidimensional schemas transformation functions to help tailored the datacubes to end-users tolerance levels, and a formal process guiding such schemas transformation; verifying the feasibility of our approach in a computing context with the implementation of the approach in a CASE (Computed Aided Software Engineering) tool. Finally, we were able to validate that the approach provides SOLAP datacubes that are not only as comprehensible and thus usable as conventional datacubes but also datacubes where the spatial vagueness is not left out, with no effort to mitigate its impacts on analysis and decision making for end users.
|
56 |
Performance of Marching Cubes using DirectX Compute Shaders Compared to using HistoPyramids / Prestandajämförelse mellan Marching Cubes och HistoPyramids i DirectX Compute ShadersLindström, Kristoffer January 2011 (has links)
Visualization of volumetric data has always been useful in big va- riety of ways, for example computer tomography (CT) and magnet resonance tomography (MRT) are two major applications of this sorts of algorithms. Since volumetric data has no limitation regarding the shape of the object that ordinary mesh algorithms has we can fully reconstruct anything using the Marching cubes algorithm. New tech- niques allow us to implement this algorithm by new and exible means. Here we will use the latest of DirectX technology to run marching cubes in realtime using compute shaders. / kristoffer.swe@gmail.com
|
57 |
Rekonstrukce 3D geometrie na základě diskrétních volumetrických dat / 3D Geometry Reconstruction from Discrete Volumetric DataSvěchovský, Radek January 2013 (has links)
Conversion of discrete volumetric data to boundary representation is quite common operation. Standard approach to resolve this problem is to use well-known Marching cubes algorithm, which although simple and robust, generates low-quality output that requires subsequent post-processing. This master's thesis deals with uncommon algorithms used for isosurface extraction from volumes. The reader will be acquainted with fundamental principles of Hierarchical Iso-Surface Extraction method, that was independently implemented and tested in this work.
|
58 |
Question Answering on RDF Data CubesHöffner, Konrad 26 March 2021 (has links)
The Semantic Web, a Web of Data, is an extension of the World Wide Web (WWW), a Web of Documents. A large amount of such data is freely available as Linked Open Data (LOD) for many areas of knowledge, forming the LOD Cloud. While this data conforms to the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and can thus be processed by machines, users need to master a formal query language and learn a specific vocabulary. Semantic Question Answering (SQA) systems remove those access barriers by letting the user ask natural language questions that the systems translate into formal queries. Thus, the research area of SQA plays an important role for the acceptance and benefit of the Semantic Web.
The original contributions of this thesis to SQA are: First, we survey the current state of the art of SQA. We complement existing surveys by systematically identifying SQA publications in the chosen timeframe. 72 publications describing 62 different systems are systematically and manually selected using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria out of 1960 candidates from the end of 2010 to July 2015. The survey identifies common challenges, structured solutions, and recommendations on research opportunities for future systems.
From that point on, we focus on multidimensional numerical data, which is immensely valuable as it influences decisions in health care, policy and finance, among others. With the growth of the open data movement, more and more of it is becoming freely available. A large amount of such data is included in the LOD cloud using the RDF Data Cube (RDC) vocabulary. However, consuming multidimensional numerical data requires experts and specialized tools.
Traditional SQA systems cannot process RDCs because their meta-structure is opaque to applications that expect facts to be encoded in single triples, This motivates our second contribution, the design and implementation of the first SQA algorithm on RDF Data Cubes. We kick-start this new research subfield by creating a user question corpus and a benchmark over multiple data sets. The evaluation of our system on the benchmark, which is included in the public Question Answering over Linked Data (QALD) challenge of 2016, shows the feasibility of the approach, but also highlights challenges, which we discuss in detail as a starting point for future work in the field.
The benchmark is based on our final contribution, the addition of 955 financial government spending data sets to the LOD cloud by transforming data sets of the OpenSpending project to RDF Data Cubes. Open spending data has the power to reduce corruption by increasing accountability and strengthens democracy because voters can make better informed decisions. An informed and trusting public also strengthens the government itself because it is more likely to commit to large projects. OpenSpending.org is an open platform that provides public finance data from governments around the world. The transformation result, called LinkedSpending, consists of more than five million planned and carried out financial transactions in 955 data sets from all over the world as Linked Open Data and is freely available and openly licensed.:1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Research Questions and Contributions
1.3 Thesis Structure
2 Preliminaries
2.1 Semantic Web
2.1.1 URIs and URLs
2.1.2 Linked Data
2.1.3 Resource Description Framework
2.1.4 Ontologies
2.2 Question Answering
2.2.1 History
2.2.2 Definitions
2.2.3 Evaluation
2.2.4 SPARQL
2.2.5 Controlled Vocabulary
2.2.6 Faceted Search
2.2.7 Keyword Search
2.3 Data Cubes
3 Related Work
3.1 Semantic Question Answering
3.1.1 Surveys
3.1.2 Evaluation Campaigns
3.1.3 System Frameworks
3.2 Question Answering on RDF Data Cubes
3.3 RDF Data Cube Data Sets
4 Systematic Survey of Semantic Question Answering
4.1 Methodology
4.1.1 Inclusion Criteria
4.1.2 Exclusion Criteria
4.1.3 Result
4.2 Systems
4.2.1 Implementation
4.2.2 Examples
4.2.3 Answer Presentation
4.3 Challenges
4.3.1 Lexical Gap
4.3.2 Ambiguity
4.3.3 Multilingualism
4.3.4 Complex Queries
4.3.5 Distributed Knowledge
4.3.6 Procedural, Temporal and Spatial Questions
4.3.7 Templates
5 Question Answering on RDF Data Cubes
5.1 Question Corpus
5.2 Corpus Analysis
5.3 Data Cube Operations
5.4 Algorithm
5.4.1 Preprocessing
5.4.2 Matching
5.4.3 Combining Matches to Constraints
5.4.4 Execution
6 LinkedSpending
6.1 Choice of Source Data
6.1.1 Government Spending
6.1.2 OpenSpending
6.2 OpenSpending Source Data
6.3 Conversion of OpenSpending to RDF
6.4 Publishing
6.5 Overview over the Data Sets
6.6 Data Set Quality Analysis
6.6.1 Intrinsic Dimensions
6.6.2 Representational Dimensions
6.7 Evaluation
6.7.1 Experimental Setup and Benchmark
6.7.2 Discussion
7 Conclusion
7.1 Research Question Summary
7.2 SQA Survey
7.2.1 Lexical Gap
7.2.2 Ambiguity
7.2.3 Multilingualism
7.2.4 Complex Operators
7.2.5 Distributed Knowledge
7.2.6 Procedural, Temporal and Spatial Data
7.2.7 Templates
7.2.8 Future Research
7.3 CubeQA
7.4 LinkedSpending
7.4.1 Shortcomings
7.4.2 Future Work
Bibliography
Appendix A The CubeQA Question Corpus
Appendix B The QALD-6 Task 3 Benchmark Questions
B.1 Training Data
B.2 Testing Data
|
59 |
Design of an Incubator Platform for Biological ISS ExperimentsHartmann, Anne Sophie January 2021 (has links)
The first European commercial research facility aboard the ISS, Space Applications Services' ICF, provides a platform for standardized plug-and-play experiments called ICE Cubes. The ICE Cubes Service provides engineering and operational support for ICE Cubes missions. In order to facilitate rapid and affordable access to space, a programmatic choice was made to mainly use COTS components in Cube design. As part of a company-internal project to develop a generic ICE Cubes platform for biological experiments, a scientific requirements document was drawn up in cooperation with interested scientists. A decision was made to aim for an experiment size of 2U (200x100x100mm). The main scientific requirements are to accommodate six reaction chambers (referred to as "wells") of standardized size; to control the temperature at well level to remain in the nominal interval of (37 +- 1)C; to accommodate a combined volume of 230ml of fluids; to provide capability to image each of the wells; and to allow for freezing of the biological payload to -80C for return to ground. The development of a prototype design for this platform, dubbed BioCube, is the topic of this thesis. Technical requirements were derived, and a functional breakdown was defined. From this, the system was partitioned into five subsystems: Thermal, Imaging/Avionics, Structure, Software, and the biological Payload. The development of the biological system is considered beyond the scope of this thesis, and the development of the software beyond that required for prototyping is left for a later stage in the design process, as significant heritage exists from previous experiments. Using a rapid prototyping approach, a prototype design for this experiment has been developed. The proposed solution utilizes a (205x104x101)mm outer structure, manufactured from aluminium and closed with two lids on the small faces. Inside, the system is split into a 3D printed avionics compartment and a payload compartment, surrounded by an air gap serving as thermal insulation. The payload compartment structure consists of aluminium, closed on one face with a transparent material through which the samples can be imaged, and provides a sealed interface connector for exchange of power and data. Both the outer structure and the payload compartment are sealed at the interfaces using O-ring seals, providing a combined two levels of biosafety containment to the payload. Manual latches on one of the lids of the outer structure allow it to be opened and the payload compartment to be extracted.The system avionics are based on a Raspberry Pi Zero with USB & Ethernet Hub and Motor Control expansion boards. A 5W silicon heating pad attached to the inside of the payload compartment provides heating, and is controlled using a PWM signal from the motor control board.Two cameras arranged in parallel are used to image wells arranged in two rows, reducing the required motion. One axis motion is implemented using a leadscrew mechanism actuated by a DC motor, driven by the motor control board. Prototyping has been performed on nearly every part of the proposed design. The leadscrew assembly has been successfully tested, and tests on a thermal model have successfully demonstrated binary thermal control achieving the nominal temperature range. Some points regarding the design remain to be defined, and more thorough verification and validation of the design remains to be performed. / La première installation de recherche commerciale européenne à bord de l'ISS, l'ICF de Space Applications Services, fournit une plateforme pour des expériences standardisées prêtes à l'emploi appelées ICE Cubes. Le ICE Cubes Service fournit un soutien technique et opérationnel pour les missions ICE Cubes. Afin de faciliter un accès rapide et abordable à l'espace, un choix programmatique a été fait d'utiliser principalement les composants COTS dans la conception des expériences. Dans le cadre d'un projet interne à l'entreprise visant à développer une plateforme ICE Cubes générique pour les expériences biologiques, un document sur les exigences scientifiques a été rédigé en coopération avec les scientifiques intéressés et il a été décidé de viser une taille d'expérience de 2 U (200x100x100 mm). Les principales exigences scientifiques sont les suivantes : accueillir 6 chambres de réaction ("puits") de la taille des puits d'une plaque à 6 puits ; contrôler la température au niveau des puits pour qu'elle reste dans l'intervalle nominal de (37 +- 1)C ; accueillir un volume combiné de 230ml de fluides ; fournir la capacité d'imager chacun des puits; et permettre la congélation de la charge utile biologique à -80\,$^\circ$C pour le retour au sol. Le développement d'un prototype de plate-forme, baptisé BioCube, est le sujet de cette thèse. Les exigences techniques ont été dérivées, et un découpage fonctionnel a été défini. A partir de là, le système a été divisé en cinq sous-systèmes : Thermique, Imagerie/Avionique, Structure, Logiciel, et la charge utile biologique. Le développement du système biologique est considéré comme hors de portée de cette thèse, et le développement du logiciel au-delà de ce qui est nécessaire pour le prototypage est laissé pour une étape ultérieure dans le processus de conception, car il existe un héritage important des expériences précédentes. En utilisant une approche de prototypage rapide, une conception de prototype pour cette expérience a été développée. La solution proposée utilise une structure extérieure de (205x104x101)mm, fabriquée en aluminium et fermée par deux couvercles sur les petites faces. À l'intérieur, le système est divisé en un compartiment avionique imprimé en 3D et un compartiment de charge utile, entourés d'une lame d'air servant d'isolation thermique. Le compartiment de la charge utile est en aluminium, fermé sur une face par un matériau transparent, à travers lequel les échantillons peuvent être imagés, et fournit un connecteur d'interface scellé pour l'échange d'énergie et de données. La structure extérieure et le compartiment de la charge utile sont scellés aux interfaces à l'aide de joints toriques, offrant ainsi deux niveaux combinés de confinement de biosécurité à la charge utile. Des loquets manuels sur l'un des couvercles de la structure extérieure permettent de l'ouvrir et d'extraire le compartiment de la charge utile.L'avionique du système est basée sur un Raspberry Pi Zero avec des cartes d'extension USB & Ethernet Hub et Motor Control.Un coussin chauffant en silicone de 5W fixé à l'intérieur du compartiment de la charge utile, assure le chauffage et est contrôlé par un signal PWM provenant de la carte de contrôle du moteur.Deux caméras disposées en parallèle sont utilisées pour imager les puits disposés sur deux rangées, ce qui réduit le mouvement nécessaire. Le mouvement sur un axe est réalisé à l'aide d'un mécanisme de vis sans fin actionné par un moteur à courant continu, piloté par la carte de commande du moteur. Le prototypage a été effectué sur presque toutes les parties de la conception proposée. L'assemblage de la vis sans fin a été testé avec succès, et les tests sur un modèle thermique ont démontré avec succès que le contrôle thermique binaire atteint la plage de température nominale. Certains points concernant la conception restent à définir, et une vérification et une validation plus approfondies de la conception restent à effectuer.
|
60 |
WürfelzwillingNürnberger, Johannes 17 November 2023 (has links)
Die Durchdringung von Kuben ist in den vergangenen Jahren eines meiner Themen. Ausgehend von platonischen Körpern bildet der Tetraeder die “Stella Octangula“ aus zwei Tetraedern. Den doppelten Kubus habe ich bei der Zirkelkonstruktion der Blume des Lebens entdeckt. Durch abwechselnde Faltung des Zeichenblattes durch den Mittelpunkt, entlang der Linien zu den Ecken des Sechsecks, entfaltet sich ein Stern. Zwei Sterne fügen sich zu zwei Würfeln. Aus einer “BdL“ lassen sich die Pyramide, Ikosaeder, Tetraeder und ein Fünfeck ablesen. Die Verbindung von zwei BdL-Konstruktionen lässt einen Doppelwürfel entstehen. Zwei Würfel beinhalten eine regelmäßige hexagonale Fäche. Die Außenmaße sind in einem Würfel enthalten.
|
Page generated in 0.0298 seconds