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Many past events go unmarked and unremembered, and eventually lose their significance. One such area is the Wonderboom fort, tree and the Nature Reserve. The research investigates how the landscape design can strengthen the existing spirit of place. The place’s identity - that of a refuge – is intangible and unconscious, but can be made tangible through a narrative that engaged with the cultural and biophysical history of the site (the tangible world) by means of didactics and semiotics. This will provide a learning experience with added meaning that gives added identity of place. Furthermore, specific design principles are investigated namely: better access, heightened awareness, and heightened interest created through complexity and coherence in design. Complexity and coherence will generate interest in the user to engage with the physical/conscious experience, engaging and learning about the physical aspects of the site’s nature and culture. The unconscious experience will be guided through semiotics – the use of symbols that give meaning and add identity to place and user. The design intervention will be a landscape which tells the story of the place and unveils the heritage and history of the site in such a way that visitors will have an engaging and informative experience of the past events. The site can be the northern link and gateway into the city of Pretoria, a destination for local and international tourism, and a green corridor for people to experience the city in a different way. The design approach ties in with the Burra Charter approach, namely “changing as much as necessary but as little as possible” but also with the Ename charter stating that Heritage sites should be presented to the public and the public should be educated to ensure their protection. Hampton Adams rightfully says that: 'Only by looking at the past, can we plan the future.' / Dissertation (ML(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Architecture / unrestricted

The purpose of this project is to establish Joan Lavis MacDonald (1871–1962) as the intellectual and philosophical companion of her spouse, Canadian painter J.E.H. MacDonald. Her journals and articles are central resources in this reconstruction of the life and circumstances of a woman living in southern Ontario, Canada at the end of the Victorian-era. By the dawn of the twentieth century, urbanization, industrialization, opportunities for women to pursue post-secondary education, and social reformations found Joan Lavis at a point of conflict between the newly-available educational opportunities and traditions of homemaking, and the thesis is divided accordingly. Although the points of conflict are examined separately, the thesis nonetheless affirms Joan Lavis MacDonald's ability to combine the two by drawing on cultural and art movements like transcendentalism and the arts and crafts movement. The thesis moves beyond the male-dominated sphere in which the Group of Seven operated to examine Joan Lavis MacDonald as a contributor, and in turn influenced by, the distinctly Canadian domestic environment that permeates J.E.H. MacDonald and the Group of Seven’s insistence that nature is synonymous with Canaian-ness. This creates additional space for women in a national history intertwined with ideals of masculinity that are in turn fabricated by men, and studies an important art movement from outside the mythologized individuals and locations that have become indivisible from it. Thus, the thesis also creates a new avenue by which J.E.H. MacDonald may be studied and understood. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

This thesis is a historiographical study of the eugenics and euthanasia programs of Nazi Germany. It traces there development from the end of World War One to the fall of Hitler's Third Reich. There are three stages in this study. First, I examine eugenics after World War One and the effect the era had on society. Then I study the Nazi transition from eugenics measures to "euthanasia", and last I analyze the transferring of the killing methods from the "euthanasia" centers to the concentration camps. The questions of how did the idea for eugenics develop in Germany society, what role did World War One play in its development, why did the Nazis move from eugenics to "euthanasia", was the children's euthanasia program and Aktion T-4 the same or different programs, did doctors willingly participate in the programs, was there a resistance to "euthanasia", and what role did the T-4 program play in the "Final Solution" are examined. This study uses a wide range of secondary sources. It examines the authors of those sources arguments and if their work plays a role in out better understanding of the event. Many of these authors are the leading scholars in their field. This study concludes that these sources have lead to our better understand the Holocaust, and the argument as to wither or not the mass murder of European Jewry was a well planned event or a trial and error process that lead to mass murder.

The problem of this study is to determine the teachings and practices of Joseph Smith in regards to the treatment of the needy and to show their influence on the present policy of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints as manifested in the Church Welfare Plan.

Joseph Smith organized a group called Seventies in the Mormon Church early in 1835. They are one of three primary groups in the Higher or Melchizedek Priesthood. They were said to be Elders with a special calling to preach the Gospel among the nations of the earth. Their calling was said to be apostolic because they were to assist the Twelve Apostles in preaching the Gospel and administering Church affairs under their direction. They were a general Church Quorum, and not considered a part of stake organization.The Seventies were established in their calling as missionaries in the time of Joseph Smith, and carried about their share or a little more, of the missionary work in the proportion to the other Priesthood groups. Under the auspices of Brigham Young, they became, for the most part, the missionary force of the Church. This was continued until after the turn of the century; at that time the policy changed and the Elders began to carry out most of the foreign missionary work of the Church. Seventies were asked to carry on missionary work in their home stakes and wards. Fundamentally, two reasons were given for the change in policy: First, the Seventies, being older men than most Elders, were hindered from accepting mission calls because of family and financial responsibilities. Second, making most missionaries Seventies had made their number too great in proportion to the other groups, and took too much leadership away from Elders quorums. However, these conditions existed for a long time before the change, and the Seventies were apparently able to fulfill their calling very well.

The aim of this study, therefore, is to trace briefly the historical origins and development of the LDS temple baptismal font and to investigate the various iconographic meanings which may pertain to it and its role as a potential vital symbol in the Mormon Church.

This volume contains available data pertaining to the history of the Latter-day Saint Temple located in St. George, Utah.All readily available sources were used including public, private, church, and university libraries.

The purpose of this study was to test the follow null hypotheses:1. There are no differences between boys and girls in religious attitudes and religious activity.2. There are no differences in students' religious attitudes related to the priesthood and religious activity status of the fathers.3. There are no differences in students' religious activity related to the priesthood and religious activity status of the fathers.4. There is no relationship between a student's religious attitudes and his religious activity.A religious attitude index was obtained for each student from a summated rating of students' responses to a Likert-type attitude scale, and a religious activity index was determined from students' expressed religiosity for individual prayer and church attendance. The required data were obtained for 153 students enrolled at the Kaysville L. D. S. Seminary during the spring of 1960.Five groupings were established for the priesthood and religious activity status of the fathers: Seventies and High Priests (active), Seventies and High Priests (inactive), Elders (active), Elders (inactive), and Aaronic Priesthood—Adults (inactive).The following statistics were employed in testing the above hypotheses: simple analysis of variance, t-test, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient.

As one studies the history of Cache Valley, he becomes increasingly aware of the presence of church-sponsored cooperative stores, farms, and mills, in every community in the valley. True, there are only scattered remains of a once rather extensive movement, but there is enough evidence to cause one to wonder what influence the cooperative enterprises had in the settlement of Cache Valley. This study has been made to determine the extent of this contribution and to preserve as much information as possible concerning a very important phase of the settlement days in Cache Valley.This study includes only the period from 1865 to 1900. These are the important years of church-sponsored cooperative institutions in Cache Valley. The general plan of cooperation was introduced formally in the October Conference of 1868. There were a few cooperative stores in operation prior to this time, however. The movement grew to magnanimous proportions before dwindling to a mere trickle by 1900. There were only a few concerns that extended beyond this date.Data for this study has been obtained from many sources. Newspapers, journals, and other manuscripts have been the most valuable sources. Other important sources have included personal interviews, secondary sources, and company records.