Drying oils, and in particular linseed oil, were the most common binding media employed in painting between XVI and XIX centuries. Artists usually operated some pre-treatments on the oils to obtain binders with modified properties, such as different handling qualities or colour. Oil processing has a key role on the subsequent ageing of and degradation of linseed oil paints. In this thesis a multi-analytical approach was adopted to investigate the drying, polymerization and oxidative degradation of the linseed oil paints. In particular, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), yielding information on the macromolecular scale, were compared with gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and direct exposure mass spectrometry (DEMS) providing information on the molecular scale. The study was performed on linseed oils and paint reconstructions prepared according to an accurate historical description of the painting techniques of the 19th century. TGA revealed that during ageing the molecular weight of the oils changes and that higher molecular weight fractions formed. TGA proved to be an excellent tool to compare the oils and paint reconstructions. This technique is able to highlight the different physical behaviour of oils that were processed using different methods and of paint layers on the basis of the different processed oil and /or the pigment used. GC/MS and DE-MS were used to characterise the soluble and non-polymeric fraction of the oils and paint reconstructions. GC/MS allowed us to calculate the ratios of palmitic to stearic acid (P/S), and azelaic to palmitic acid (A/P) and to evaluate effects produced by oil pre-treatments and the presence of different pigments. This helps to understand the role of the pre-treatments and of the pigments on the oxidative degradation undergone by siccative oils during ageing. DE-MS enabled the various molecular weight fractions of the samples to be simultaneously studied, and thus helped to highlight the presence of oxidation and hydrolysis reactions, and the formation of carboxylates that occur during ageing and with the changing of the oil pre-treatments and the pigments. The combination of thermal analysis with molecular techniques such as GC-MS, DEMS and FTIR enabled a model to be developed, for unravelling some crucial issues: 1) how oil pre-treatments produce binders with different physical-chemical qualities, and how this can influence the ageing of an oil paint film; 2) which is the role of the interaction between oil and pigments in the ageing and degradation process.

This PhD thesis reports on car fluff management, recycling and recovery. Car fluff is the residual waste produced by car recycling operations, particularly from hulk shredding. Car fluff is known also as Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) and it is made of plastics, rubbers, textiles, metals and other materials, and it is very heterogeneous both in its composition and in its particle size. In fact, fines may amount to about 50%, making difficult to sort out recyclable materials or exploit ASR heat value by energy recovery. This 3 years long study started with the definition of the Italian End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) recycling state of the art. A national recycling trial revealed Italian recycling rate to be around 81% in 2008, while European Community recycling target are set to 85% by 2015. Consequently, according to Industrial Ecology framework, a life cycle assessment (LCA) has been conducted revealing that sorting and recycling polymers and metals contained in car fluff, followed by recovering residual energy, is the route which has the best environmental perspective. This results led the second year investigation that involved pyrolysis trials on pretreated ASR fractions aimed at investigating which processes could be suitable for an industrial scale ASR treatment plant. Sieving followed by floatation reported good result in thermochemical conversion of polymers with polyolefins giving excellent conversion rate. This factor triggered ecodesign considerations. Ecodesign, together with LCA, is one of the Industrial Ecology pillars and it consists of design for recycling and design for disassembly, both aimed at the improvement of car components dismantling speed and the substitution of non recyclable material. Finally, during the last year, innovative plants and technologies for metals recovery from car fluff have been visited and tested worldwide in order to design a new car fluff treatment plant aimed at ASR energy and material recovery.

L’idea fondamentale da cui prende avvio la presente tesi di dottorato è che sia possibile parlare di una svolta nel modo di concettualizzare e implementare le politiche sociali, il cui fuoco diviene sempre più la costruzione di reti di partnership fra attori pubblici e privati, in cui una serie di soggetti sociali plurimi (stakeholders) attivano fra loro una riflessività relazionale. L’ipotesi generale della ricerca è che, dopo le politiche improntate a modelli statalisti e mercatisti, o un loro mix, nella politica sociale italiana emerga l’esigenza di una svolta riflessiva e relazionale, verso un modello societario, sussidiario e plurale, e che di fatto – specie a livello locale – stiano sorgendo molte iniziative in tal senso. Una delle idee più promettenti sembra essere la creazione di distretti sociali per far collaborare tra loro attori pubblici, privati e di Terzo settore al fine di creare forme innovative di servizi per la famiglia e la persona. La presente tesi si focalizza sul tentativo della Provincia di Trento di distrettualizzare le politiche per la famiglia. Tramite l’analisi del progetto “Trentino – Territorio Amico della Famiglia” e di una sua verticalizzazione, il Distretto Famiglia, si è studiato l’apporto delle partnership pubblico-privato nella formazione di strumenti innovativi di governance che possano determinare una svolta morfogenetica nell’elaborazione di politiche per la famiglia. Le conclusioni del lavoro, attraverso una comparazione tra esperienze territoriali, presentano la differenziazione delle partnership sociali, in base ad alcuni variabili (pluralità di attori, pluralità di risorse, shared project, capitale sociale, decision making, mutual action, logiche di lavoro relazionale, sussidiarietà). Le diverse modalità di gestione delle partnership (capacitante, professionale e generativa) sintetizzano i portati culturali, strutturali e personali coinvolti nelle singole costruzioni. Solo le partnership che interpretano il loro potenziale regolativo e promozionale secondo la riflessività relazionale tendono a generare beni comuni nel contesto sociale. / The fundamental idea that inspires this dissertation is that it is possible to speak of a breakthrough in the way of framing and implementing social policies today. More and more the focus becomes building up partnership networks among public and private actors in which a plurality of stakeholders act according to relational reflexivity. The general hypothesis of this research is that Italian social policies, after assuming models marked by statist and market driven policies (or a mix), show the need to adopt a relational model supported by subsidiary policies. Many welfare initiatives are springing up in this direction particularly at the local level. One of the most promising examples seem to be the creation of social districts in which public, private and third sector actors can cooperate together in order to create innovative forms of personal social services addressed to families. The empirical part of this dissertation focuses on the attempt made by the Province of Trento to produce new family policies according to these new orientations. Through the analysis of the "Trentino – Territorio Amico della Famiglia" and its vertical integration, the Family District, this study shows how a public-private partnership can create innovative tools of social governance that lead to a morphogenetic development of family policies. The conclusions of the work, through a comparison between different territorial experiences, present the differentiation of social partnership according to certain variables (number of players, resources, shared project, social capital, decision making, mutual action, the logic of relational work, subsidiarity). The different ways of managing these partnerships (enabling, professional and generative) represent the synthesis brought about by the cultural, structural and personal contributions involved in building each one of them. Only those partnerships that interpret their regulatory and promotional potential through relational reflexivity tend to lead to generativity actions.

La tesi si è consolidata nell’analisi dell’impatto dei social networks nella costruzione dello spazio pubblico, nella sfera di osservazione che è la rete e il web2.0. Osservando che il paradigma della società civile si sia modificato. Ridefinendo immagini e immaginari e forme di autorappresentazione sui new media (Castells, 2010). Nel presupposto che lo spazio pubblico “non è mai una realtà precostituita” (Innerarity, 2008) ma si muove all’interno di reti che generano e garantiscono socievolezza. Nell’obiettivo di capire cosa è spazio pubblico. Civic engagement che si rafforza in spazi simbolici (Sassen, 2008), nodi d’incontro significativi. Ivi cittadini-consumatori avanzano corresponsabilmente le proprie istanze per la debacle nei governi.. Cultura partecipativa che prende mossa da un nuovo senso civico mediato che si esprime nelle “virtù” del consumo critico. Portando la politica sul mercato. Cultura civica autoattualizzata alla ricerca di soluzioni alle crisi degli ultimi anni. Potere di una comunicazione che riduce il mondo ad un “villaggio globale” e mettono in relazione i pubblici connessi in spazi e tempi differenti, dando origine ad azioni collettive come nel caso degli Indignados, di Occupy Wall Street o di Rai per una notte. Emerge un (ri)pensare la citizenship secondo due paradigmi (Bennett,2008): l’uno orientato al governo attraverso i partiti, modello “Dutiful Citizenship”; l’altro, modello “Self Actualizing Citizenship” per cui i pubblici attivi seguono news ed eventi, percepiscono un minor obbligo nel governo, il voto è meno significativo per (s)fiducia nei media e nei politici. Mercato e società civile si muovono per il bene comune e una nuova “felicità”. La partecipazione si costituisce in consumerismo politico all’interno di reti in cui si sviluppano azioni individuali attraverso il social networking e scelte di consumo responsabile. Partendo dall’etnografia digitale, si è definito il modello “4 C”: Conoscenza > Coadesione > Co-partecipazione > Corresposabilità (azioni collettive) > Cultura-bility. / The thesis has been consolidated in the analysis of the impact of social networks in the construction of public space, in the sphere of observation represented from networking and web2.0. Noting that the paradigm of civil society has changed. Redefining images and imaginary and forms of self-representation on the new media (Castells, 2010). On the assumption that public space "is never a preconceived reality" (Innerarity, 2008) but moves within networks that generate and provide sociability At the aim to understand what is public space (between online and offline) Civic engagement that gets increased in symbolic spaces (Sassen, 2008), significant meeting nodes. Thus citizens-consumers co-responsibly advance their issues for the debacle in governments. Participatory culture that gets moved by a new civic engagement mediated expressed in the "virtues" of critical consumption. Bringing the policy on the market. Self actualized civic culture searching solutions to the crisis of recent years. Power of a communication that reduces the world to a "global village", linking "connected publics" in different spaces and times, giving rise to collective actions as the Indignados movement, Occupy Wall Street or, in Italy, “Rai per una notte”. Emerge a (re)thinking citizenship according to two paradigms (Bennett, 2008): one oriented to the government through parties, "dutiful Citizenship" model; the other, "Self Actualizing Citizenship" model, for which the active publics followed news and events, perceive a lower requirement in the government, the vote is less significant because of (not)trust in the media and politicians. Market and civil society moved togheter for the common good and a new "happiness". Participation gets constituted as political consumerism into networks in which individual actions are developed through social networking and responsible consumer choices. Starting with digital ethnography, we define the model "C 4" Knowledge> Co-support> Co-participation> Co-resposability (collective action)> Culture-ability.

Atmospheric aerosol particles directly impact air quality and participate in controlling the climate system. Organic Aerosol (OA) in general accounts for a large fraction (10–90%) of the global submicron (PM1) particulate mass. Chemometric methods for source identification are used in many disciplines, but methods relying on the analysis of NMR datasets are rarely used in atmospheric sciences. This thesis provides an original application of NMR-based chemometric methods to atmospheric OA source apportionment. The method was tested on chemical composition databases obtained from samples collected at different environments in Europe, hence exploring the impact of a great diversity of natural and anthropogenic sources. We focused on sources of water-soluble OA (WSOA), for which NMR analysis provides substantial advantages compared to alternative methods. Different factor analysis techniques are applied independently to NMR datasets from nine field campaigns of the project EUCAARI and allowed the identification of recurrent source contributions to WSOA in European background troposphere: 1) Marine SOA; 2) Aliphatic amines from ground sources (agricultural activities, etc.); 3) Biomass burning POA; 4) Biogenic SOA from terpene oxidation; 5) “Aged” SOAs, including humic-like substances (HULIS); 6) Other factors possibly including contributions from Primary Biological Aerosol Particles, and products of cooking activities. Biomass burning POA accounted for more than 50% of WSOC in winter months. Aged SOA associated with HULIS was predominant (> 75%) during the spring-summer, suggesting that secondary sources and transboundary transport become more important in spring and summer. Complex aerosol measurements carried out, involving several foreign research groups, provided the opportunity to compare source apportionment results obtained by NMR analysis with those provided by more widespread Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometers (AMS) techniques that now provided categorization schemes of OA which are becoming a standard for atmospheric chemists. Results emerging from this thesis partly confirm AMS classification and partly challenge it.

La presente ricerca muove i suoi primi passi dall’ipotesi generale che il paradigma relazionale possa offrire al mondo dei servizi sociali una configurazione diversa, talora meno utopistica, del community work. Sebbene, infatti, in questi anni il sistema di offerta dei servizi si sia arricchito di principi come la co-progettazione e la co-responsabilità delle azioni, il lavoro di comunità resta ancora molto distante dal lavoro generalmente svolto nei servizi sociali territoriali, incapaci per ragioni strutturali e culturali di accogliere dentro di sé tale funzione. L’idea dalla quale trae origine la presente tesi di dottorato, è pertanto quella di arricchire la definizione di servizi sociali relazionali. Partendo dalle dimensioni che in letteratura sociologica e nei principali modelli teorici di social work definiscono un servizio alla persona quale servizio relazionale, nella prima parte teorica viene ipotizzata una trasformazione parziale del welfare regionale emiliano, poiché ai mutamenti culturali di questi anni non ha fatto seguito un cambiamento reale dei modelli operativi maggiormente basati sullo sviluppo delle competenze. Nella seconda parte della tesi, la ricerca empirica si focalizza sui progetti “family friendly” realizzati nel Comune di Parma, collocati in una logica di welfare societario e basati sull’apporto di soggetti di Terzo Settore, responsabili di ogni fase di realizzazione delle attività. La ricerca si avvale prevalentemente di tecniche qualitative e in alcuni tratti assume le caratteristiche della ricerca-azione. Nelle conclusioni, il contesto territoriale studiato rivela grande ricchezza dei legami strutturali, ma anche necessità di un rafforzamento dei legami interni. La forza dei servizi prodotti si situa, inoltre, nella sovrafunzionalità del legame tra volontari e famiglie, e di questo elemento dovrebbe arricchirsi anche il social work che scelga di adottare una prospettiva metodologica di lavoro relazionale. / This research takes his first steps from the assumption that the relational paradigm can offer to the world of social services a differently configuration, sometimes less utopian, of the community work. In fact, while in recent years the services system is enriched with principles such as co-design and co-responsibility for action, community work is still far from work usually done in the local social services, unable for structural and cultural reasons to accommodate this function within itself. The idea from which originated the present doctoral thesis is to enrich the definition of relational services. Starting from the dimensions that in the sociological literature and in the main theoretical models of social work define a service as relational service, the first theoretical part assumed as in the regional context of Emilia-Romagna occurred a partial transformation of regional welfare, because in these years the cultural changes was not followed by an actual change of business models, based more on skills development. In the second part of the thesis, the empirical research focuses on the projects "family friendly" made in the town of Parma, which are placed in a logic of corporate welfare based on the support of subjects of the Third Sector, responsible primarily for each phase of implementation of the activities. The research relies mainly on qualitative techniques and in some sections assumes the characteristics of action research. In its conclusions, the territorial context reveals great wealth of structural links, but also the need for a strengthening of the internal bonds. The strength of the produced services lies on the above-functionality of the link between volunteers and families, and this should also enrich the social work that chooses to adopt a methodological perspective of relational work.

Se le trasformazioni sociali in atto tendono a esasperare il senso di incertezza, sradicamento ed individualismo, sussistono pratiche che si contrappongono alle tendenze dominanti, finalizzate a ricucire i legami sociali su scala locale. La progettazione urbano-architettonica interiorizza il nuovo bisogno di comunità originando soluzioni abitative tese a favorire gli scambi informali fra vicini, facendo leva sul concetto di capitale sociale, attaccamento al quartiere, identità del luogo e partecipazione. La casa, simbolo di stabilità e sicurezza ma anche di privacy, privatismo familiare, diventa sempre più oggetto di studi, domanda sociale e intervento politico. Soprattutto è sempre più intesa come un nodo di relazioni familiari in una rete di relazioni sociali più ampie. Casa e quartiere incidono nella esperienza di benessere e socialità familiare? In che modo gli spazi urbani e architettonici influenzano la coesione sociale? Quale il ruolo degli abitanti nello sviluppare socialità e integrazione? Sono queste le domande che ci siamo posti per rilevare le dinamiche sociali e culturali dell’abitare attraverso uno studio di caso condotto in due quartieri simili. Dalla ricerca emerge come il significato della casa non sia univoco ma cambi rispetto al ciclo di vita familiare e a quello economico e ciò incide nella partecipazione alle attività di quartiere. Mostriamo inoltre come lo spazio fisico costruito crea importanti opportunità per gli scambi informali e per il benessere familiare e individuale dei bambini ma che, il contesto sociale sia una discriminate fondamentale. Nel quartiere dove è presente una organizzazione di abitanti il numero delle relazioni di vicinato aumenta, cambiano anche la qualità delle relazioni e le distanze fisiche fra i vicini. Emerge inoltre che la reciprocità è il principale strumento di costruzione della coesione comunitaria interna e crea un atteggiamento di apertura e fiducia che va al di là dei confini di quartiere. / The current social changes enhance the uncertainty, displacement and individualism perception, but at the same time, some practices contrast with the dominant trend. These practices are aimed to create local social ties. For instance, the urban-architectural planning is embodying the growing need for community, developing housing solutions aimed to increase informal neighbors exchanges. So it relies on the terms of social capital, neighborhood attachment, place identity, participation. Home, the symbol of stability and safety, but also, privacy and familiar privatism, increasingly becomes the object of sociological studies, social question and policy action. It is increasingly understood as a node within widest networks of household relationships. In which extent home and neighbourhood community affect to the family well-being and sociability? In which extent the urban-architectural spaces impact on social cohesion levels? What is the role of inhabitants in developing sociability and integration? Starting from these research questions, we explore the social and cultural dynamics of inhabiting, using a case study in two similar planned neighbourhoods. The research findings highlight that the meaning of home is not unique but it changes in function of the family life cycle and economic status. So, the meanings of the home are linked with the neighborhood activities’ participation. The findings show that the physic built space creates important chances for informal exchanges, family and children well-being but, also that, the social context is the determinant of the social benefits. Comparing the neighborhoods, the one in which a inhabitants association is present, the number of neighbor relations and the physic distances between them increase, as well as the quality of relations between neighbors improves. Furthermore, it seems that the reciprocity is the principal mean about the constitution of the internal community cohesion and it also creates an openness and trust attitude that goes beyond the neighbourhood boundaries.

Il mio progetto di ricerca è nato da una riflessione concernente una domanda fondamentale che si pongono gli studiosi della comunicazione digitale: le attuali tecnologie mediali che hanno creato nuovi modelli comunicativi e inaugurato inedite modalità di interrelazione sociale conducono a un dualismo digitale o a una realtà aumentata? Si è cercato di dare una risposta a questo interrogativo attraverso un’indagine compiuta su un social network, Facebook, che è la piattaforma digitale più diffusa nel mondo. L’analisi su Facebook, è stata preceduta da una riflessione sui concetti dello spazio e del tempo elaborati dalla letteratura filosofica e sociologica. Tale riflessione è stata propedeutica all’analisi volta a cogliere l’impatto che hanno avuto sulla relazionalità intersoggettiva e sulle dinamiche di realizzazione del sé l’interazione semantica nello spazio delimitato della piazza tradizionale, la molteplicità e la potenza seduttiva delle offerte comunicative dei media elettronici nella estensione della piazza massmediale e soprattutto la nascita e l’affermazione del cyberspazio come luogo della comunicazione nella piazza digitale. Se la peculiarità della piazza tradizionale è nel farsi dei rapporti face to face e quella della piazza massmediale nella funzione rilevante della fonte rispetto al destinatario, la caratteristica della piazza digitale consiste nella creazione autonoma di un orizzonte inclusivo che comprende ogni soggetto che si collega con la rete il quale, all’interno del network, riveste il doppio ruolo di consumatore e di produttore di messaggi. Con l’avvento dell’online nella prassi della relazionalità sociale si producono e si attuano due piani di interazioni comunicative, uno relativo all’online e l’altro relativo all’offline. L’ipotesi di lavoro che è stata guida della mia ricerca è che la pervasività dell’online conduca all’integrazione dei due segmenti comunicativi: l’esperienza della comunicazione digitale si inserisce nella prassi sociale quotidiana arricchendo i rapporti semantici propri della relazione face to face e influenzandoli profondamente. / My research project started with a reflection on a fundamental question that the digital communication scholars are dealing with nowadays: the current media technologies that have created new communication patterns and opened new forms of social interrelation lead to a digital dualism or to an augmented reality? I tried to give an answer to this question through an investigation on the most popular social network, Facebook. The analysis of Facebook was preceded by a reflection on the concepts of space and time developed by the philosophical and sociological literature. This reflection has been preparatory to analyse and understand the impact that three key moments have on the intersubjective relationality and on the dynamics of self-realization: the semantic interaction within the delimited space of the traditional square, the multiplicity and the seductive power of communication proposals linked with the mass media square and the affirmation of cyberspace as a place of communication in the digital square. If the peculiarity of the traditional square is indentified with the develop of a “face to face” relationship and in the mass media place the relevance is linked with the predominant role of the source compared to the recipient, the characteristic of the digital square is the creation of a self-inclusive horizon that includes every person who is connected with the network and also the double role of the user who is at the same time a consumer and producer of messages . With the coming of the "online" in the everyday life of social relationality, two levels of communicative interactions are produced and implemented: one related to the online and other related to the offline. The working hypothesis that has driven my research is that the pervasiveness of online communication leads to the integration of the two segments and to their mutual influence.

La società dei consumi ha reso ogni ambito vitale suscettibile di mercificazione. Il capitalismo ha da tempo svestito la prassi produttiva dei suoi elementi più pesanti per vestire i panni della dimensione simbolica e culturale. Il consumo fattosi segno, dimensione immateriale delle nostre vite materiali, ha finito per colonizzare l'ambito dell'esperienza e, quindi, della vita stessa. Il consumo diventa, innanzitutto, esperienza di vita. Una esperienza continuamente cangiante che ci permette di vivere numerose vite, ognuna diversa. Ciò che è stabile è il paradigma consumistico che investe la nostra stessa identità, l'identità dei luoghi, l'identità del mondo. Il nomadismo è la dimensione più tipica del consumo, così come la perenne mobilità della vita è la dimensione propria dell'epoca globale. Tuttavia, le nuove forme di consumerismo politico, etico e responsabile, conseguenti al montare dei rischi globali, investendo proprio l’ambito dell’esperienza e del consumo, contribuiscono a modificare i comportamenti in senso “riflessivo” e “glocale”. L’ambito turistico, rappresentando al contempo il paradigma esperienziale e quello della mobilità globale, può diventare allora l’osservatorio privilegiato per indagare queste stesse forme riflessive di consumo, le quali forniscono un significato del tutto nuovo tanto all’esperienza quanto al consumo stesso. Il lavoro di tesi vuole allora approfondire, attraverso lo studio di caso, il modo in cui nuove forme emergenti di turismo responsabile possano rappresentare una chiave d’accesso a nuove forme di sviluppo sostenibile dei territori locali in contesti di prima modernizzazione. / The consumer society coommodify every vital area. Capitalism has stripped its productive praxis from its traditional heavier elements in order to assume a symbolic and cultural dimension. Consumption as a sign express immaterial dimension of our materials lives,  colonize  experience and life itself. Nowadays, the nomadism is the most typical dimension of consumption, as well as the everlasting mobility of life is the size of the global era. Consumption mostly becomes life experience: a never-ending changing experience that allows us to live many lives, one different from the other. The only stable aspect is just the consumerist paradigm that invests our own identities, as well as the identities of places and, by the end, the identity of the world. However, new forms of political consumerism, either ethical or responsible, raising from the growing global risks society, contribute to change behavior in a "reflexive" and “glocal” way investing the experience area and consumption scope. Tourism, representing both experiential paradigm and the global mobility one, may be considered as a privileged observatory to investigate these reflexive forms of consumption, which assign a whole new meaning to experience and consumption. This dissertation aims to explore, throughout a case study, the way the emerging forms of responsible tourism may become a basic key to access to new forms of sustainable development of local areas in earlier modernization contexts.

In this work, new tools in atmospheric pollutant sampling and analysis were applied in order to go deeper in source apportionment study. The project was developed mainly by the study of atmospheric emission sources in a suburban area influenced by a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI), a medium-sized coastal tourist town and a motorway. Two main research lines were followed. For what concerns the first line, the potentiality of the use of PM samplers coupled with a wind select sensor was assessed. Results showed that they may be a valid support in source apportionment studies. However, meteorological and territorial conditions could strongly affect the results. Moreover, new markers were investigated, particularly focusing on the processes of biomass burning. OC revealed a good biomass combustion process indicator, as well as all determined organic compounds. Among metals, lead and aluminium are well related to the biomass combustion. Surprisingly PM was not enriched of potassium during bonfire event. The second research line consists on the application of Positive Matrix factorization (PMF), a new statistical tool in data analysis. This new technique was applied to datasets which refer to different time resolution data. PMF application to atmospheric deposition fluxes identified six main sources affecting the area. The incinerator’s relative contribution seemed to be negligible. PMF analysis was then applied to PM2.5 collected with samplers coupled with a wind select sensor. The higher number of determined environmental indicators allowed to obtain more detailed results on the sources affecting the area. Vehicular traffic revealed the source of greatest concern for the study area. Also in this case, incinerator’s relative contribution seemed to be negligible. Finally, the application of PMF analysis to hourly aerosol data demonstrated that the higher the temporal resolution of the data was, the more the source profiles were close to the real one.