In recent years psychologists have increased awareness and concern regarding the quality of mental health services provided to people of color. For several reasons clients of color often find traditional mental health services foreign or unhelpful. To help diminish obstacles faced by clients of color, several authors have advocated traditional mental health treatments be modified to better match clients' cultural contexts. Researchers have also begun investigating outcomes associated with culturally modified mental health treatments, often contrasting them with traditional mental health services. Recently numerous studies containing empirical data have been published. To date there has been no attempt to review this rapidly growing body of literature. Due to the sheer number of studies analyzing the efficacy of culturally modified treatment, the literature has become large and unwieldy. The present study used meta-analytic methodology to gather and organize quantitative data obtained from such studies. Across 80 studies that met criteria to be included in this meta-analysis, the resulting random effects weighted average effect size was d = .44, indicating a moderately strong benefit of culturally adapted treatments relative to traditional treatments. To further examine whether the association of treatment outcome and culturally modified treatments varied as a function of various sociodemographic variables, a series of categorical (and where appropriate, continuous) moderator analyses were conducted. Moderation effects were ascertained only for participant age and for Hispanic populations, with studies consisting of participants of higher chronological age and higher percentages of Hispanic participants having effect sizes of greater magnitude than studies with participants of younger ages or with few Hispanic participants. These results may indirectly provide evidence for the importance of client acculturation, given that older populations tend to be less acculturated (and therefore more in need of cultural modifications) than younger populations and that Hispanic populations are more likely to speak Spanish, necessitating adaptation of therapy to be conducted in their native language. Other variables, such as participant gender, did not moderate the results. Overall, the findings provide evidence for the benefit of modifying psychotherapy to match the cultural context of the client. Recommendations for future research on the topic are provided.

Au printemps 2020, une équipe interdisciplinaire (travail social, médecine et psychologie, notamment) et intersectorielle met sur pied la Clinique Mauve, un point de services intégrés pour personnes LGBTQI+ migrantes à Montréal (Canada). Parmi les services offerts, on trouve le programme de liaison, un projet innovateur d’intervention collective ayant pour but de réduire les impacts de la crise sociosanitaire sur cette population. Dans le cadre de ce mémoire, je cherche à 1) documenter l’expérience réalisée et 2) déterminer les leçons qu’on peut tirer de cet usage de méthodologies d’intervention collective dans un contexte de crise sociosanitaire. Pour y arriver, j’utilise principalement deux cadres théoriques : la typologisation de l’intervention collective de Bourque et al. (2007) et le modèle de résilience communautaire de Kirmayer et al. (2009). J’inscris ma démarche de recherche dans deux approches évaluatives : l’évaluation axée sur l’utilisation (Patton et Campbell-Patton, 2022) et l’évaluation descriptive en contexte de développement (Marceau, 2022 ; Rey et al., 2022). L’analyse des résultats met en lumière les forces et les limites de l’intervention collective, de l’intervention multilingue et culturellement adaptée et du soutien socio-économique et matériel en contexte de crise sociosanitaire de la COVID-19. Elle permet aussi de découvrir les nombreux défis qui ont ponctué la réalisation de cette expérience dans un contexte hors du commun. Une série de recommandations visant les responsables de la Clinique Mauve conclut ce mémoire. / In spring 2020, an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team (including social work, medicine, and psychology) established the Clinique Mauve, an integrated service point for LGBTQI+ migrants persons in Montreal, Canada. Among the services offered is the outreach program, an innovative collective intervention project aimed at mitigating the impacts of the socio-health crisis on this population. In the context of this thesis, I am seeking to 1) document the experience undertaken and 2) determine the lessons that can be drawn from the use of collective intervention methodologies in a socio-health crisis context. To achieve this, I primarily employ two theoretical frameworks: Bourque et al.'s typology of collective intervention (2007) and Kirmayer et al.'s community resilience model (2009). My research approach aligns with two evaluative approaches: utilization-focused evaluation (Patton and Campbell-Patton, 2022) and descriptive evaluation in a development context (Marceau, 2022; Rey et al., 2022). The analysis of the results highlights the strengths and limitations of collective intervention, multilingual and culturally adapted intervention, and socio-economic and material support in the context of the COVID-19 socio-health crisis. It also reveals the numerous challenges encountered during the implementation of this experience in an extraordinary context. A series of recommendations for the leaders of the Clinique Mauve concludes this thesis.