La vie des communautés de moniales repose sur une double réalité. Tout d’abord, une considération matérielle. Derrière les évidentes questions économiques, se dissimule la vie quotidienne des moniales : vêtements, nourriture, hiérarchie, ou encore la question essentielle des rapports avec le dehors. Ensuite, une réalité spirituelle. À la fin du XVIe siècle, l’issue du concile de Trente ouvre une période de renouveau pour le clergé catholique. L’accueil des réformes tridentines, en particulier celle de la clôture, est un point fondamental pour les communautés régulières féminines. À cette question primordiale s’ajoute celle de la pratique de la foi, d’une manière individuelle ou collective. Bien entendu, l’approche de ces deux aspects ne peut se faire sans évoquer le passé médiéval des chartreuses féminines. Elle soulève à elle seule la problématique de l’acceptation d’une curare monialium au sein de l’ordre cartusien, ou encore celle du passé diaconal des premières moniales. Depuis leur naissance nébuleuse au XIIe siècle jusqu’au Grand Siècle, le parcours des filles de saint Bruno révèle une forte identité monastique, à la fois conformiste et marginale / Life in communities of nuns relies on a double reality. First, a concrete one. Indeed, behind the obvious economic issues, there is the nuns' everyday life, about clothes,food, hierarchy or the essential issue of the links with the outside. Then , a spiritual reality. At the end of the XVI th century, the end of the Council of Trent is at the same time the beginning of a period of revival for the Catholic clergy. Indeed, the acceptance of the reforms resulting from the Council – particularly the enclosure – is an essential aspect for the feminine communities. Moreover, there is also the problem of faith practice , both on individual and collective levels. Of course, debating about these two aspects cannot be made possible without taking into account the medieval background of the feminine charterhouses. What is at stake is the acceptance of a curare monalium within the Carthusian order itself, or the issue of the origin of nuns as deaconesses. From their nebulous origin in the XII th century to the Grand Siècle, Saint Bruno Order's nuns have shown a very strong cloistered identity, both conformist and non-conformist.

Abstract The introduction of physiologically and therapeutically effective drugs in anaesthetic treatment has meant a significant change. Their discovery has thus contributed to a minimisation of their negative effects on a living organism. As a result, anaesthesiology has become more controllable and safer. These new drugs translate into more comfort for the patient in the course of anaesthesiology as well as his or her rapid recovery resulting in a shorter period of hospitalisation. The research of new physiologically and therapeutically effective substances is a pre-requisition of a potential higher standard of medical care. Older substances, e.g. Alkuronium and Gallamin, which, due to their undesirable effects, have come out of use, have lost their significance. Nowadays, these substances have been generally replaced by substances with an intermedial effect, e.g. Rokuronium and Cisatrakurium, which, compared with Alkuronium and Gallamin, show a minimum of undesirable effects. One of the foremost objectives of the current pharmaceutical research is to find a replacement of Sukcinylcholin, which, in spite of its known side effects, has had a non-substitutable position in urgent intubation. As a result, its use is limited to out-patient application and a certain selection of patient categories. Let us hope that we shall see a replacement of Sukcinylcholin being introduced in treatment in the near future. This would mean a final solution of problems arising from its side effects limiting its scope of application.