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Sustentação de corrente utilizando campos magnéticos viajantes helicoidais / Helical traveling wave current driveDuarte, Vinícius Njaim, 1988- 19 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Roberto Antonio Clemente, Munemasa Machida / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T20:53:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Entre os diferentes métodos alternativos à indução, para sustentação e/ou geração de corrente em plasmas confinados magneticamente, com o objetivo de se obter o funcionamento contínuo de um possível reator de fusão, foi estudado aquele associado a campos magnéticos viajantes produzidos por bobinas helicoidais alimentadas por correntes de radiofrequência defasadas (double helix current drive). O método permite compensar as perdas de caráter resistivo em configurações toroidais de plasma, como os pinches de campo reverso (reversed field pinches - RFP). O problema pode ser reduzido ao estudo dos estados estacionários de uma coluna de plasma sujeita a campos de radiofrequência produzidos por bobinas helicoidais externas. Desprezando efeitos de gradientes de densidade e temperatura, o modelo é regido por um sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias de segunda ordem não lineares acopladas, reguladas por quatro parâmetros adimensionais de interesse físico, que foram resolvidas numericamente usando o programa Mathematica. Estudou-se a eficiência do método em relação às aplicações em RFP, para os quais o campo magnético longitudinal apresenta uma inversão no interior da coluna de plasma. Isso implicou considerar regiões ainda não bem exploradas para os parâmetros de interesse. Os resultados numéricos são apresentados para configurações de campos magnéticos com simetria dipolar e quadrupolar / Abstract: Among the different methods, alternative to induction, to drive current in magnetically confined plasmas, with aim to obtain a continuous operation of a possible fusion reactor, we have studied the one associated to traveling magnetic field produced by helicoidal coils carrying out of phase radiofrequency currents (double helix current drive). The method allows compensating resistive losses in toroidal plasma configurations, like reversed field pinches. The problem may be reduced to the study of stationary states for a plasma column subjected to radiofrequency fields produced by external helicoidal coils. Neglecting density and temperature gradients, the model is governed by a system of coupled nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations, which depend on four dimensionless parameters of physical interest and can be solved numerically using the software Mathematica. We studied the efficiency of the method with respect to applications in reversed field pinches, for which the longitudinal steady magnetic field shows an inversion inside the plasma column. This implied considering not yet well explored regions of the parameters of interest. Numerical results are presented for magnetic field configurations of dipolar and quadrupolar simmetries / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física
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Ion cyclotron resonance heating in toroidal plasmasHedin, Johan January 2000 (has links)
<p>NR 20140805</p>
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Ion cyclotron resonance heating in toroidal plasmasHedin, Johan January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
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Fast wave heating of cyclotron resonant ions in tokamaksJohnson, Thomas January 2004 (has links)
QC 20100622
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Etude du couplage linéaire et non-linéaire de l' onde hybride basse aux plasmas de Tokamaks.Preynas, Melanie 05 October 2012 (has links)
Afin de générer des plasmas performants sur de longues durées, un tokamak nécessite des dispositifs de chauffage et de génération de courant additionnels. Des antennes haute-fréquences, délivrant des puissances de plusieurs mégawatts au plasma, sont actuellement utilisées dans de nombreux tokamaks. Pour optimiser les performances de chauffage et de génération de courant obtenues avec le système LH (fréquence de quelques gigahertz), une bonne maitrise du couplage de l'onde émise par l'antenne au plasma de bord est nécessaire. Or, des effets non-linéaires dépendant du niveau de puissance HF injectée dans le plasma perturbent fortement le couplage de l'onde LH pour certains paramètres de bord (densité et température en particulier). Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit portent sur l'étude du couplage linéaire et non-linéaire de l'onde LH au plasma de bord. Dans le cadre de l'installation d'une antenne dite « Passive Active Multijunction » en 2009 sur le tokamak Tore Supra visant à tester le système LH proposé pour ITER, la caractérisation du couplage obtenu avec cette antenne a été réalisée à partir d'expériences menées à basse puissance sur Tore Supra. Les résultats, analysés conjointement avec l'utilisation d'un code de couplage (ALOHA), ont ainsi validé les prédictions théoriques prévoyant de bonnes propriétés de couplage à des densités de plasma de bord faibles. Par ailleurs, l'effet pondéromoteur a été clairement identifié comme responsable de la forte détérioration du couplage de l'onde mesurée sous certaines conditions de plasma de bord. / In order to achieve long pulse operation with a tokamak, additional heating and current drive systems are necessary. High frequency antennas, which deliver several megawatts of power to the plasma, are currently used in several tokamaks. Moreover, a good control of the coupling of the wave launched by the antenna to the edge plasma is required to optimize the efficiency of heating and current drive LH systems. However, non-linear effects which depend on the level of injected power in the plasma strongly damage the coupling of the LH wave at particular edge parameters (density and temperature profiles). Results presented in the manuscript deal with the study of the linear and non-linear coupling of the LH wave to the plasma. In the framework of the commissioning of the Passive Active Multijunction antenna in 2009 on the Tore Supra tokamak aiming at validating the LH system suggested for ITER, the characterisation of its coupling properties was realized from low power experiments. The experimental results, which are compared with the linear coupling code ALOHA, have valided the theoretical predictions of good coupling at edge plasma density around the cut-off density. Besides, the ponderomotive effect is clearly identified as responsible for the deterioration in the coupling of the wave, which is measured under particular edge plasma conditions. A theoretical model combining the coupling of the LH wave with the ponderomotive force is suggested to explain the experimental observations.
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Interação da onda híbrida inferior com os íons rápidos no Tokamak JET / Interaction of Lower Hybrid Waves with Fast Ions in JETAndrade, Maria Celia Ramos de 10 June 1994 (has links)
As tentativas de se conseguir um funcionamento contínuo para o tokamak e as perspectivas de estabilização de oscilações MHD através do controle do perfil de corrente, motivaram pesquisas que levassem a uma forma de geração de corrente não indutiva. Uma das possíveis alternativas para atingir esta meta é a injeção de ondas de alta freqüência como, por exemplo, ondas na freqüência híbrida inferior ou Lower Hybrid (LH), que impulsionam elétrons através do amortecimento de Landau na direção paralela ao campo magnético toroidal, tomando-os capazes de transportar corrente. Nos futuros reatores, entretanto, a absorção da onda pelas partículas de 3.5 MeV, conforme o que é previsto, e que ocorre através do amortecimento de Landau na direção perpendicular ao campo magnético, pode diminuir a eficiência do método descrito acima. Nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é simular a interação LH-partículas com a interação entre a onda LHe os íons rápidos do plasma, que atingem até alguns MeV de energia e que são provenientes do aquecimento de íons de minoria pela onda ciclotrônica de íons (IC). Estes fenômenos podem ser descritos através de uma equação de Fokker-Planck uni-dimensional, no espaço de velocidades, onde os termos de difusão quase-linear, correspondentes à injeção das ondas IC e LH, estão presentes juntamente com os termos colisionais, que representam a termalização dos íons rápidos sobre um plasma maxwelliano. Apresentamos, aqui, as primeiras evidências experimentais da interação LH-íons rápidos no tokamak JET. A análise de dados foi baseada na observação do conteúdo energético dos íons de minoria e das taxas de emissão de raios e de nêutrons no plasma, toda vez que a onda LH estava presente simultaneamente ao aquecimento com ondas IC. Observamos, nesta situação, que há um aumento de cerca de 20% do conteúdo energético dos íons rápidos, que corresponde a uma potência da onda absorvida de até, aproximadamente, 25%, dependendo dos parâmetros do plasma. O aumento de emissão de raios e de nêutrons, provenientes das reações de fusão, também confrrmou o aumento de energia dos íons rápidos quando a onda LH estava presente. Análises com FFT em experimentos onde a potência da onda estava 100% modulada, propiciaram o estudo da absorção de potência da onda LH de acordo com os níveis de superposição dos dois perfis de deposição sobre o plasma (ICe LH). / Attempts to achieve a steady-state operation in a reactor regime and the possibilities of stabilising MHD oscillations by controlling the plasma current density profile motivated studies of different methods of generating non-inductive current in reactor scenarios. The injection of Lower Hybrid waves (LH) in tokamak plasmas is considered as a possible route to reach this goal and has been successfully employed to generate plasma current by transferring momentum to the electrons in the direction parallel to the magnetic field through Electron Landau Damping (ELD). However, in a reactor operation regime, LHCD (Lower Hybrid Current Drive) efficiency can be affected, as it is predicted, by the damping of the wave on the 3.5 MeV particles, produced during fusion reactions. This interaction occurs through perpendicular Landau Damping since the particles can be considered as unmagnetized. In this work, the interaction of LH waves with particles is simulated through the interaction between the LH wave and ICRH driven minority íons, that can reach energies up to few MeV. Both phenomena can be described by a 1-D Fokker-Planck equation in velocity space that includes both quasi-linear diffusion coefficients due to ICRH and LH waves and collision terms which represent the fast ions slowing-down over a maxwellian plasma Once this Fokker-Planck equation is solved, the fast ion distribution function can be obtained in order to provide information on the fast minority íons. The first experimental evidence of the interaction of LH waves with ICRH minority íons in the MeV energy range is presented in this work. This interaction was detected in JET through measurements of the fast ion energy, ray and neutron ernission rates and by means of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis in experiments with 100% LH power modulation. An increase has been observed of approximately 20% in the fast ion energy content which corresponds about to 25% of LH power absorbed by the fast minority ions, depending on the plasma parameters. The increase of ray and neutron rates ernitted in the plasma and the FFT analysis confirm, respectively, the fast ion energy increase and a better damping of the wave when the overlap between IC and LH deposition profiles is maxirnized.
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Fast wave heating and current drive in tokamaksLaxåback, Martin January 2005 (has links)
This thesis concerns heating and current drive in tokamak plasmas using the fast magnetosonic wave in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies. Fast wave heating is a versatile heating method for thermonuclear fusion plasmas and can provide both ion and electron heating and non-inductive current drive. Predicting and interpreting realistic heating scenarios is however difficult due to the coupled evolution of the cyclotron resonant ion velocity distributions and the wave field. The SELFO code, which solves the coupled wave equation and Fokker-Planck equation for cyclotron resonant ion species in a self-consistent manner, has been upgraded to allow the study of more advanced fast wave heating and current drive scenarios in present day experiments and in preparation for the ITER tokamak. Theoretical and experimental studies related to fast wave heating and current drive with emphasis on fast ion effects are presented. Analysis of minority ion cyclotron current drive in ITER indicates that the use of a hydrogen minority rather than the proposed helium-3 minority results in substantially more efficient current drive. The parasitic losses of power to fusion born alpha particles and beam injected ions are concluded to be acceptably low. Experiments performed at the JET tokamak on polychromatic ion cyclotron resonance heating and on fast wave electron current drive are presented and analysed. Polychromatic heating is demonstrated to increase the bulk plasma ion to electron heating ratio, in line with theoretical expectations, but the fast wave electron current drive is found to be severely degraded by parasitic power losses outside of the plasma. A theoretical analysis of parasitic power losses at radio frequency antennas indicates that the losses can be significantly increased in scenarios with low wave damping and with narrow antenna spectra, such as in electron current drive scenarios. / QC 20100506
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Interação da onda híbrida inferior com os íons rápidos no Tokamak JET / Interaction of Lower Hybrid Waves with Fast Ions in JETMaria Celia Ramos de Andrade 10 June 1994 (has links)
As tentativas de se conseguir um funcionamento contínuo para o tokamak e as perspectivas de estabilização de oscilações MHD através do controle do perfil de corrente, motivaram pesquisas que levassem a uma forma de geração de corrente não indutiva. Uma das possíveis alternativas para atingir esta meta é a injeção de ondas de alta freqüência como, por exemplo, ondas na freqüência híbrida inferior ou Lower Hybrid (LH), que impulsionam elétrons através do amortecimento de Landau na direção paralela ao campo magnético toroidal, tomando-os capazes de transportar corrente. Nos futuros reatores, entretanto, a absorção da onda pelas partículas de 3.5 MeV, conforme o que é previsto, e que ocorre através do amortecimento de Landau na direção perpendicular ao campo magnético, pode diminuir a eficiência do método descrito acima. Nosso objetivo, neste trabalho, é simular a interação LH-partículas com a interação entre a onda LHe os íons rápidos do plasma, que atingem até alguns MeV de energia e que são provenientes do aquecimento de íons de minoria pela onda ciclotrônica de íons (IC). Estes fenômenos podem ser descritos através de uma equação de Fokker-Planck uni-dimensional, no espaço de velocidades, onde os termos de difusão quase-linear, correspondentes à injeção das ondas IC e LH, estão presentes juntamente com os termos colisionais, que representam a termalização dos íons rápidos sobre um plasma maxwelliano. Apresentamos, aqui, as primeiras evidências experimentais da interação LH-íons rápidos no tokamak JET. A análise de dados foi baseada na observação do conteúdo energético dos íons de minoria e das taxas de emissão de raios e de nêutrons no plasma, toda vez que a onda LH estava presente simultaneamente ao aquecimento com ondas IC. Observamos, nesta situação, que há um aumento de cerca de 20% do conteúdo energético dos íons rápidos, que corresponde a uma potência da onda absorvida de até, aproximadamente, 25%, dependendo dos parâmetros do plasma. O aumento de emissão de raios e de nêutrons, provenientes das reações de fusão, também confrrmou o aumento de energia dos íons rápidos quando a onda LH estava presente. Análises com FFT em experimentos onde a potência da onda estava 100% modulada, propiciaram o estudo da absorção de potência da onda LH de acordo com os níveis de superposição dos dois perfis de deposição sobre o plasma (ICe LH). / Attempts to achieve a steady-state operation in a reactor regime and the possibilities of stabilising MHD oscillations by controlling the plasma current density profile motivated studies of different methods of generating non-inductive current in reactor scenarios. The injection of Lower Hybrid waves (LH) in tokamak plasmas is considered as a possible route to reach this goal and has been successfully employed to generate plasma current by transferring momentum to the electrons in the direction parallel to the magnetic field through Electron Landau Damping (ELD). However, in a reactor operation regime, LHCD (Lower Hybrid Current Drive) efficiency can be affected, as it is predicted, by the damping of the wave on the 3.5 MeV particles, produced during fusion reactions. This interaction occurs through perpendicular Landau Damping since the particles can be considered as unmagnetized. In this work, the interaction of LH waves with particles is simulated through the interaction between the LH wave and ICRH driven minority íons, that can reach energies up to few MeV. Both phenomena can be described by a 1-D Fokker-Planck equation in velocity space that includes both quasi-linear diffusion coefficients due to ICRH and LH waves and collision terms which represent the fast ions slowing-down over a maxwellian plasma Once this Fokker-Planck equation is solved, the fast ion distribution function can be obtained in order to provide information on the fast minority íons. The first experimental evidence of the interaction of LH waves with ICRH minority íons in the MeV energy range is presented in this work. This interaction was detected in JET through measurements of the fast ion energy, ray and neutron ernission rates and by means of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis in experiments with 100% LH power modulation. An increase has been observed of approximately 20% in the fast ion energy content which corresponds about to 25% of LH power absorbed by the fast minority ions, depending on the plasma parameters. The increase of ray and neutron rates ernitted in the plasma and the FFT analysis confirm, respectively, the fast ion energy increase and a better damping of the wave when the overlap between IC and LH deposition profiles is maxirnized.
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