O objetivo principal desse trabalho é investigar a aplicação de cerâmica á base de Zirconia em ferramentas de corte na usinagem de aço temperado (VND) utilizando um torno de ultraprecisão. Foram analisados dois tipos de composições de cerâmicas com estrutura cristalina diferentes, sendo elas: monoclínica e tetragonal. A diferença destas estruturas é devido à adição de Ytria. A fase monoclínica não contém Ytria em sua composição, enquanto, a fase tetragonal é obtida com Ytria (\'Y IND.3\') (chamada zirconia parcialmente estabilizada com Ytria). A fase tetragonal apresenta uma resistência elevada ao impacto junto com alta dureza (1800 kgf/\'MM POT.2\') quando comparada com a fase monoclínica que apresenta alta dureza mas menor tenacidade. Devido a este fato, esses materiais têm chamado à atenção dos pesquisadores para a usinagem de aços endurecidos. A geração de superfície é influenciada por diversos fatores, sendo eles: material peça, condições de corte, erros macro geométrico, erros de micro geometricos e do estado da aresta da ferramenta. Na usinagem de ultraprecisão a alta rigidez e vibração/trepidação máquina ferramenta é usada para evitar erros de micro geometria e macro geometria que conseqüentemente são transferidos para superfície da peça. Neste trabalho, devido ao fato de se usar um torno de ultraprecisão é possível afirmar que o perfil da rugosidade é gerado pela replicação do perfil da aresta da ferramenta de corte para a superfície da peça. A rugosidade da superfície foi medida com um perfilometro óptico com resolução de 0,1 nm. Os resultados mostraram que a rugosidade da superfície obtida após os testes de usinagem com as ferramantas de cerâmicas chegou á valores em torno de 0,140 microns, o que equivale ao acabamento com processo de retificação. Outro aspecto importante refere-se ao desgaste das ferramentas que, conseqüentemente, tem uma grande influência nos resultados obtidos. As ferramentas de corte foram analisadas antes e depois da usinagem por microscópio eletrônico de varredura. Verificou-se que as ferramentas de corte na fase tetragonal apresentaram desgaste do tipo cratera na aresta da ferramenta enquanto a aresta da ferramenta monoclínica apresentou desgaste do tipo lascamento. / The main objective of this work is to investigate the application of a ceramic composite of Alumina-Zirconia cutting tools inserts in the machining of hardened steel (VND) in an ultraprecision lathe. Two different ceramic compositions with different crystalline structure were tested, to know: monoclinic and tetragonal. The difference in these structures is due the addition of Yttrium. The monoclinic phase has no Yttrium in its composition while the tetragonal phase is obtained with Ytrium (\'Y IND.3\') (named partially stabilized zirconium). The tetragonal phase presents a high impact toughness along with high hardness (1800 kgf/\'MM POT.2\') when compared to the monoclinic phase which presents high hardness but lower toughness. Due to this fact, these materials have draw attention of researchers in the field of machining of hardened steels. The surface generation is influenced by several factors, to know: workpiece material, cutting conditions, macro geometry errors, micro geometry errors and the sharpness of the cutting edge. In ultraprecision machining, a high stiffness and chatter/vibration free machine tool is used in order to avoid common macro and micro geometry errors replicated into the workpiece surface. In this case, it is possible to assert that the roughness profile is generated by the replication of the cutting tool edge profile to the workpiece surface. The surface roughness was measured by an optical profiler with resolution of 0,1 nm. The results showed that the surface roughness obtained after machining tests with these ceramic inserts were in the range of 0,140 micrometers, which is in the same range of roughness obtained by the grinding process. Another important aspect refers to the wear of the ceramic inserts which has direct influence in the performance as a cutting tool material. The cutting inserts were evaluated before and after machining by scanning electron microscope. It was found that the tetragonal phase cutting tools presented crater wear on the rake face while the monoclinic phase presented cutting edge chipping as the main main type of wear.

Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Optimierung des Schneidprozesses bei der Gesteinsgewinnung und der Erarbeitung eines Modells zur Prognose der relevanten Arbeitsgrößen unter Berücksichtigung der Abnutzung der Schneidwerkzeuge. Die Untersuchungen wurden mit Rundschaftmeißeln unterschiedlicher Verschleißzustände durchgeführt. Gegenstand der Untersuchungen waren die von den Schneidparametern abhängigen Größen wie Schneidkräfte, spezifische Energie, Staubmengenanteil und Stückigkeit des gewonnenen Gesteins. Es wurden die Auswirkungen des Meißelverschleißes auf die optimalen Schneidparameter festgestellt, denen beim Einsatz einer Gewinnungsmaschine oder bereits in der Konstruktionsphase des Gewinnungsorgans Rechnung getragen werden sollten.

The optimal choice of cutting conditions, as well cutting tool, has a significant effect on the quality of machined part and is an essential parameter to reduce the cost of production. This thesis describes CNC turning process of disc springs made of 51CrV4 material, especially using new cutting tools and the use of higher cutting speeds. A comparison of four manufacturers of cutting tools in terms of surface quality, tool path and the machined material volume will be introduced. It was experimentally verified that our proposed facility has achieved the best result.

L’allégement des structures aéronautiques conduit à associer par stratification les composites aux métaux : on parle alors de multi-matériaux. L’assemblage mécanique des empilages nécessite au préalable des opérations de perçage qui s’effectuent majoritairement sur Unité de Perçage Automatique (UPA). L’objectif des travaux présentés dans ce mémoire est d’optimiser les opérationsde perçage effectuées sur UPA dans des multi-matériaux CFRP-7175-TA6V. Trois axes de recherche ont ainsi été étudiés. Le premier concerne l’optimisation de l’outil. L’utilisation d’une méthode de conception adaptée a conduit vers plusieurs pistes d’améliorations de la géométrie d’un foret. Le deuxième axe traite de la modélisation du perçage vibratoire. Cette méthode consiste à ajouter un mouvement de vibration axiale, au mouvement de coupe. Le dernier axe développe la technique du perçage auto-adaptatif. Une nouvelle méthode est proposée pour identifier les différents matériaux constituants l’empilage. / The weight reduction of aero structures has led to use composite materials combined to metallicparts to form multilayer materials. Stacked materials are drilled in one-shot during the assemblyprocess. The objective of this work is to find optimised parameters to drill efficiently CFRP-7175-TA6Vmaterial stack using Automatic Drilling Units (ADU). Three research areas have been explored. Thefirst one concerns drill bit optimisation. A customized functional analysis had led to several toolimprovements. The second area focuses on vibration-assisted drilling. This method consists in addinga reciprocating axial displacement. Formerly under ribbon form, the chips become well broken withthe vibrations and their evacuation gets better. At last, the self-adaptive drilling technique is studied.A new methodology for real-time material identification is proposed.

This master’s thesis deals with the operating production cost in machining process and further optimalization. Individual costs items which are related to machining process are specified. Attention is paid to the time consumption of individual machining methods. The aim of the thesis is to find an optimal combination of cutting speed and durability in order to meet the minimum cost criteria and maximum productivity. The calculations are used for turning the outer cylindrical surface and the face surfaces at a constant cutting speed. The work is accompanied by tables and calculations in Microsoft Excel.

Aim of this Thesis is to assess the existing manufacturing method and to propose and make out an optimum manufacturing method for the part „seat belt buckle“. Components made of the steel plate 14 220.3. With respect to requested accuracy, quality and expected production run of 1 000 000 pcs per year, the Thesis includes the proposal of manufacture of the part by a method of accurate cutting with push-on edge. Is designed the cutting tool and selected the suitable machine type for this technology Feintool HFA 3200 Plus. The work contains necessary calculations, economical evaluation and design documentation of the processual tools for the components production. The last part contains the technical and economic evaluation, from which results that, technically and economically, the new production technology is preferable to the existing technology.

The aim of this diploma thesis addresses issues related to obtaining methodology for the production manager´s decision-making process in the field of technology selection, suitable tooling and cutting tools selection for a specific order or particular production plan. Evaluation of the manufacturing process while taking into consideration complexion of process controlling and contexture to the economy of this process. Analysis and evaluation of technological and economical aspects of a manufacturing process of the CNC chip machining in a real environment is targeted on the field of tooling, its selection, purchase, economy and consumption. The process controlling of technology is based on this analysis as well as the formulation of measuring by economic indicators such as economy, productivity, profitability etc. The analysis of important factors and parameters of this process demonstrated an influence on economy of the company. Several model cases have been created from the company records and from the provided research, the output of which became a basic methodology. The output of the analysis indicates possible directions of a management decision making. Thanks to a complex technical-economic view this thesis can serve as a methodological instrument for decision makers in the field of technology and cutting tool selections as well as an economy of production process improvement.

This thesis deals with technology of electric discharge machining with emphasis on application of the principle of material removal on wire cut electric discharge machine. The main part is concentrated on wire cut electric discharge machining in terms of a small tool making shop. The goal of the thesis is to create a wire cut electric discharge machining workplace in the company with a focus on the production of cutting tools. The thesis defines requirements for each component of cutting tools and strategies for their machining. Machining of model part and subsequent technical - economic evaluation is included in the final part.

This diploma work is dealing with the progressive production technology proposal of the valve body type S43 components. This is the high-pressure valve for the classical power supply. Here in the work is described the structural design of the valves, the material of the valve body and its machinability. Following an analysis of the existing production technology is the new production technology proposal for this part. All is designed with regards to the business possibilities of the Armaturka Vranová Lhota company. In conclusion of the work is presented the technical economic evaluation of both the existing and the proposed manufacturing technology.

This master’s thesis focuses on analysis of time consumption of machining process, the basic units of operating costs of production,optimization and subsequen tapplication to specific part. It is a turning shaft in two operations, named roughing and finishing turning. The aim is to find the optimum combination of life time of cutting tool and cutting speed, which is the main criterion for optimization in terms of minimum production cost or a maximum of productivity.