>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The ultimate aim of any multiply-charged ion source, like the Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source, ECRIS, is the production of multiply-charged ions, in sufficiently large quantities. These multiplycharged ions, in the case of the ECRIS, are created by a step-by-step ionisation process, whereby neutral atoms are ionised by energetic electrons. The goal of this thesis was to gain an understanding of the relative importance of various ECRIS parameters on the production of these energetic electrons. This was done by measuring the bremsstrahlung continuum emitted by the mirror confined plasma of an ECR ion source. The focus of our study was to investigate the influence of neutral pressure, incident microwave power and magnetic field configuration on spectral temperature and electron density of the warm electron population of the ECRIS plasma. The thesis begins by familiarising the reader with various aspects of plasma physics as it relates to the measurements. The measurements were done with a high-purity germanium detector and processed with the DGF Pixie-4 module. Analyses of the measured spectra were done with subroutines written in Root. From the measured result, it was concluded that by increasing the incident microwave power from 50 W to 300 W, the spectral temperature increases by 14.01% for helium plasma and 7.88% for argon plasma. Evidence of saturation of spectral temperature and electron density with increasing microwave power was also noticed, as reported by other groups investigating plasma bremsstrahlung. The increase of spectral temperature with neutral pressure was found to be considerable, increasing by 20.23% as the neutral pressure in the plasma chamber of the ECRIS was decreased. This increase in spectral temperature was accompanied by a 40.33% decrease in electron density, which led us to conclude that the increase in spectral temperature was most likely due to an increase in the mean free path of the electrons. The influence of the magnetic field configuration on both spectral temperature and electron density was also investigated. During this investigation, one of the solenoid coil currents was increased, whilst keeping the other constant. This amounts to moving the plasma volume around axially in the plasma chamber of the ECRIS. This was found to significantly enhance the spectral temperature and this effect was attributed to more efficient heating of the electrons near the resonance zone. The electron density on the other hand was found to remain relatively constant, if one excludes the electron density as a result of one particularly setting of the solenoid coils. The decrease of electron density as a result of this particular setting of the solenoid coils enhanced the electron losses through the magnetic bottle. This is evidenced by the increase in photon counts as measured by our detector. The influence of neutral pressure, incident microwave power and magnetic field configuration on the extracted ion beam intensities was also investigated. This investigation led us to conclude that the mean charge state extracted increases with spectral temperature. This result was in agreement with those measured by other groups.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第18055号 / 理博第3933号 / 新制||理||1567(附属図書館) / 30913 / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)准教授 芝内 孝禎, 教授 石田 憲二, 教授 松田 祐司 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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<p> Thin silicon based films were produced using low temperature (less than 60° C) electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (ECR PECVD). These films were examined for suitability in flat panel display applications. SiOxNy films were tested for use as insulating films in thin film electroluminescent (TFEL) devices. The ECR PECVD method was found to be suitable when the plasma was created using pure nitrogen (as opposed to argon) in high ratios to the silane precursor.</p> <p> Hydrogenated silicon films were also produced and evaluated for their suitability as semiconductor layers in thin film transistors (TFTs). The silicon films were subject to nickel induced crystallization. The silicon films were found to crystallize at low temperatures, (<950° C) in the presence of nickel. These films were used to produce prototype metal insulator semiconductor (MIS) capacitors and TFTs.</p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Positive-ion electrospray ionisation Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and ion trap mass spectrometry have been used to investigate the reactions of the flavonoids 3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone, 5-methoxyflavoe, quercetin, quercitrin and rutin with monovalent Li+, Na+, K+ and Cs+, divalent Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ and trivalent La3+ and Eu3+ metal cations. The effect of capillary-skimmer potential difference and the ion residence time in the hexapole ion trap of the Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer are systematically investigated for the flavonoid-alkali and divalent metal ion experiment. It is observed that these variables impact significantly on the type of ions observed in the ESI experiments and hence the mass spectra. The binding selectivity of alkali metal ions towards 3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone and 5-methoxyflavone are determined using the results from FTICR mass spectrometry experiments. The selectivity order follows the order Li+>Na+>K+ for individual flavonoids. Collision-induced dissociation experiments are carried out by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and ion trap mass spectrometry to compare the fragmentation behaviour of metal-flavonoid complexes. Low energy collision-induced dissociation experiments of the [2L+M]+ for 3-hydroxyflavone, 5-hydroxyflavone and 5-methoxyflavone alkali metal complexes show the loss of ligand only. When the energy is increased only the lithiated dimer [2L+Li]+ for 5-methoxyflavone shows the loss of methyl radical along with the ligand. For quercitrin the predominant dissociation pathways are the loss of rhamnose for Li+, Na+ and K+ complexes although aglycone loss is also observed for the K+ complex. The favourable dissociation pathways for rutin are the loss of disaccharide, aglycone and rhamnose for the Na+ complex and the loss of disaccharide for the K+ complex. Collision-induced dissociation data are also used to determine the threshold dissociation energies for displacement of one flavonoid ligand from alkali metal flavonoid complexes. The threshold dissociation energies for loss of one ligand from [2L+M]+ of 5-methoxyflavone and quercitrin follow the order Li+ > Na+ > K+, rutin follows the order Na+ > K+ > Li+ , and 3-hydroxyflavone and 5-hydroxyflavone follow the order Li+ > Na+. For the same metal cation experiment, 5-methoxyflavone system has the highest dissociation energy compared to the 3-hydroxyflavone and 5-hydroxyflavone experiment. Preliminary DFT calculations show that the calculated dissociation energies follow the same trend as the experimental dissociation energies for the simple flavonoid alkali metal cation experiments. For 5-methoxyflavone-divalent metal cation (Zn2+, Cu2+ and Pb2+) complexes loss of methyl radical is the common process. CO loss is also observed for the Zn2+ complex whereas CHO and H2O losses are observed for Cu2+. For 3-hydroxyflavone and 5-hydroxyflavone divalent metal cation experiments loss of ligand is the dominant process. Zn2+ and Cu2+ complexes also show CO loss. La3+ and Er3+ with the same flavonoids show the ligand as the dominant product. For quercetin-divalent metal cation experiment, ligand loss is the dominant process. For quercitrin and rutin various dissociation products are observed where the dissociation occurs via the loss of the rhamnose and/or the disaccharide moieties. Similar dissociation patterns are also observed for La3+ and Er3+ complexes for quercitrin and rutin.

Bismuth selenide belongs to a class of topological insulators---materials characterized by a intriguing electronic band structure, with a characteristic Dirac conical band on the surface. In this master thesis, the optical response of this material is explored in the infrared spectral range and in a broad range of magnetic fields. We mainly focus on the absorption of light due to free charge carriers having, when the magnetic field is applied, a form of cyclotron resonance. We find that the experimentally observed response is consistent with expectations for massive electrons in bulk rather than massless particles on the surface.

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<p>NR 20140805</p>

Neste trabalho estudamos os efeitos polarônicos sobre um gás de elétrons quase bidimensional presente em heteroestruturas semicondutoras (heterojunções e poços quânticos de GaAs-AlGaAs) sob a ação de um campo magnético uniforme aplicado na direção perpendicular a interface, através de teoria de perturbação de segunda ordem. Calculamos a massa ciclotrônica considerando a interação elétron-fonon LO e os efeitos de blindagem e não parabolicidade da banda de condução do GaAs. Os resultados obtidos são comparados com recentes dados experimentais de ressonância ciclotronica e apresentam ótima concordância. Estudamos também a energia de ligação do estado fundamental de uma impureza hidrogenóide localizada no interior de um fio quântico retangular de GaAs envolvido por AlGaAs, como função das dimensões do fio para varias alturas das barreiras de variacional, usando várias formas para a função de onda tentativa do sistema. Consideramos também a contribuição polarônica a energia de ligação. Comparamos nossos resultados com recentes cálculos da energia de ligação, efetuados por outros autores. / In this work we study the polaronic effects on the two dimensional electron gas present in semiconductor heteroestructures (GaAs-AlGaAs heterojunctions and quantum wells) when a uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the interface, using second order perturbation theory. By taking into account the effect of nonparabolicity and screening of the electron-fonon LO interaction the calculated effective mass is compared to the recent experimental date. Good agreement is found with available date. The binding energies of a hydrogenic impurity located in quantum well wires of GaAs surrounded by AlGaAs are calculated as a functions of the size of the wire for several values of the heights of the potential barriers and diferent positions of the impurity inside the wire. We follow a variational approach choosing several trial wave functions for the ground state. The polaronic contribution to the binding energy is considered. We compare our results with those previously obtained by other authors.