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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Cytochrome P450 1A-ligand interactions implications for substrate specificity and inhibitor susceptibility /

Huang, Qingbiao, January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2010. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 105 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-105).
112

Analysis of human CYP3A4 structure-function relationships using photoaffinity labels /

Wen, Bo, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 174-185).
113

Identification et caractérisation du polymorphisme génétique des cytochromes P450 4A11 et 4A22 (CYP4A11 et CYP4A22) et de la glycine N-acyltransférase (GLYAT) / Identification and characterisation of genetic polymorphism of the cytochrome P450s 4A11 and 4A22 (CYP4A11 and CYP4A22) and Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT) genes

Lino Cardenas, Christian Lacks 20 December 2010 (has links)
Afin de s'adapter à son environnement chimique, l'organisme a développé au cours de l'évolution des systèmes enzymatiques capables de transformer de nombreuses molécules étrangères ou xénobiotiques (médicaments, composés toxiques, carcinogènes...), le plus souvent de nature hydrophobe, en métabolites suffisamment hydrophiles pour être plus facilement excrétés par voie urinaire et/ou biliaire. Certaines de ces enzymes sont également impliquées dans des processus cataboliques ou de biosynthèses de composés endogènes (acides gras, rétinoïdes, stéroïdes, prostaglandines…). Ces enzymes jouent ainsi un rôle fondamental à la fois dans la défense de l'organisme face à son environnement chimique et dans des processus physiologiques essentiels. On comprend dès lors que s'il existe, chez certains individus, des anomalies de séquence ou de structure des gènes codant pour ces enzymes, une partie de la population présentera une susceptibilité particulière à certaines molécules de l'environnement, voire des dysfonctionnements de certaines réactions biologiques indispensables. Les travaux de cette thèse s'inscrivent dans cette démarche. Dans un premier temps, ils ont consisté à évaluer la nature et l'étendue de la variabilité de la séquence nucléotidique de trois gènes codants pour les enzymes CYP4A11, CYP4A22 et la Glycine N-acyltransférase (GLYAT). Dans un deuxième temps, les analyses fonctionnelles des variations de séquence identifiées ont été abordées par des approches in silico et in vitro. Les cytochromes P450 CYP4A11 et CYP4A22, participent à la biotransformation de composés endogènes et sont impliqués plus particulièrement dans la voie d’activation de l’acide arachidonique. Des travaux récents suggèrent que des anomalies génétiques de ces enzymes constituent des facteurs de susceptibilité à l’hypertension artérielle chez l’homme. Nous avons ainsi analysé les variations de séquence du gène CYP4A11 et CYP4A22 dans des échantillons d'ADN provenant de volontaires sains. Au total, 26 polymorphismes ont été identifiés et 5 nouveaux CYP4A* allèles ont été caractérisés pour chaque isoforme CYP4A. Les structures 3D des protéines CYP4A ont été construites et validées pour l’analyse de l’impact des mutations identifiées. Bien que des travaux supplémentaires soient nécessaires pour confirmer le lien entre le polymorphisme génétique du CYP4A11 et du CYP4A22 et l’hypertension artérielle, ce travail représente la première description et caractérisation du polymorphisme génétique des isoformes CYP4A dans une population Française. De plus, nous avons mise en évidence une variabilité interethnique de ce polymorphisme génétique dans différentes populations testées. La glycine N-acyltransférase ou GLYAT est une enzyme impliquée dans la détoxication de xénobiotiques contenant un groupement carboxylique par conjugaison d’un résidu de glycine. Sept variations de séquence de la GLYAT ont été identifiées et quatre nouveaux GLYAT* allèles ont été caractérisés. La localisation des certaines mutations dans des structures secondaires très conservées de la protéine suggère un impact sur l’activité catalytique de cette enzyme. Bien que les conséquences cliniques potentielles de ces variations restent encore à étudier, ces résultats seront utiles pour de futures études d’association de ce polymorphisme génétique de la GLYAT avec les altérations de détoxications de xénobiotiques contenant un groupement carboxylique comme l’aspirine, certains pesticides ou le toluène. / Through evolution, in order to adapt to its chemical environment, the human organism has developed enzymatic systems that can transform exogenous molecules or xenobiotic (drugs, toxins, carcinogens…), generally of hydrophobic nature, in metabolites more easily excretable via urinary or biliary tract. Some of these enzymes are also involved in catabolic processes or in the biosynthesis of endogenous compounds (fatty acids, retinoids, steroids, prostaglandins…). These enzymes thus play a major role in the protective response of the body toward chemicals and in essential physiological processes. The existence of anomalies in the sequence or structure of the genes encoding these enzymes can expose carriers of these anomalies to particular susceptibility toward xenobiotics or to impairment of essential biological reactions. In a first step, we investigated the nature and extent of the sequence variability of three genes coding for the enzymes CYP4A11, CYP4A22 and Glycine N-acyltransferase (GLYAT). In a second step, functional analyses of sequence variations were carried out, by in silico and in vitro experiments. The CYP4A11 and CYP4A22 genes are the only members of the human CYP4A subfamily. The activity of the recently identified CYP4A22 isoform is still unknown, but the CYP4A11 isoform is know as a ω-hydroxylase of the arachidonic acid, which converted into 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE). Several studies have shown that genetic anomalies of CYP4A are likely to contribute for susceptibility to hypertension in humans. We analyzed the sequence variations of the CYP4A11 and CYP4A22 genes in genomic DNA samples of healthy volunteers. A total of 26 polymorphisms were identified and 5 novel CYP4A* alleles were characterized for each CYP4A gene. The CYP4A 3D models were built and validated to analyse the potential impact of sequence variations identified. This work represents the first description and characterisation of genetic polymorphism of the human CYP4A genes in a French population. The glycine N-acyltranferase or GLYAT plays an important role in the detoxification of xenobiotics containing a carboxylic group via conjugation with a glycine residue. Seven sequence variations of the GLYAT gene were identified and four novel GLYAT* alleles were characterized. Localisation of missense mutations in predicted secondary structures suggest that these variants might have a potential role on the GLYAT protein activity. These results could be helpful in investigating the potential association of GLYAT variants with an incidence of reduced efficiency in xenobiotic carboxylic acids detoxification in humans, such as acetylsalicylic acid, pesticides, and solvents (Toluene).
114

Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the metabolism of vitamin D₃ /

Hosseinpour, Fardin, January 2002 (has links)
Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Univ., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.
115

Functional domains of P450 1A1 and 1A2 molecular modeling-guided structure-function study /

Tu, Youbin. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 143 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
116

Structural and functional characterization of dog liver cytochromes P-450

Ciaccio, Paul Joseph January 1989 (has links)
I. Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a potent and selective mechanism-based inactivator of the major phenobarbital (PB)-inducible form of dog liver cytochrome P-450 (PBD-2) in vitro. In a reconstituted system, CAP inactivates PBD-2 in a time- and NADPH-dependent manner and binds covalently to the protein moiety of PBD-2 with a stoichiometry of 1 nmol CAP bound/nmol P-450 inactivated. In intact liver microsomes from PB-treated male Beagle dogs, CAP irreversibly inhibits androstenedione 16α- and 16β-hydroxylation and 2,4,5, 2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl hydroxylation but not androstenedione 6 β -hydroxylation or NADPH-dependent triacetyloleandomycin (TAO) complex formation. Covalent binding of CAP to dog liver microsomes in vitro is increased 5.5-fold by PB induction. This increase correlates well with the increased levels of immunochemically determined PBD-2 (5.8-fold) and 16α - and 16β -hydroxylation of androstenedione (5.7- and 5.8-fold) in microsomes from PB-treated dogs. Anti-PBD-2 IgG significantly inhibits the covalent binding of CAP to microsomes from untreated and PB-treated dogs. Finally, CAP appears to bind covalently with a single protein with the same molecular weight as PBD-2, as evidenced by SDS-PAGE. II. A cytochrome P-450 called PBD-1 isolated from liver microsomes of an adult male Beagle dog treated with PB is structurally and functionally similar to members of the P450IIIA gene subfamily in rat and human liver microsomes. The sequence of the first 28 amino terminal residues of PBD-1 is identical in 15 and 20 positions, respectively, to the P450IIIA forms P450p from rat and P450(NF) from human. Upon immunoblot analysis, anti-PBD-1 IgG recognizes PCNa (P450p) and PCNb (PB\PCN-E) from rat, P450(NF) from human, and two proteins in liver microsomes from untreated and PB-treated dogs. Anti-PBD-1 IgG selectively inhibits P450IIIA form marker activities, including steroid 6β -hydroxylase, erythromycin demethylase and NADPH-dependent TAO complex formation in microsomes from PB-treated dogs. Major species differences exist in the apparent K(m) for 6β -hydroxylation of androstenedione by liver microsomes from humans, untreated rats and untreated dogs. In addition, evidence for functional heterogeneity of dog P450IIIA forms is presented: pretreatment of microsomes from PB-treated dogs with TAO plus NADPH had no effect on androstenedione 6β -hydroxylase activity.
117

The influence of S. frutescens on adrenal cytochrome P450 11B-hydroxylase

Sergeant, Catherine Anne 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc (Biochemistry))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study: 1. describes the preparation of a methanol extract of Sutherlandia frutescens and the HPLC fractionation of the methanol extract. 2. investigates the influence of S. frutescens on the binding properties of mitochondrial cytochrome 11 -hydroxylase (CYP11B1) to deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and deoxycortisol, demonstrating that methanol extracts of S. frutescens inhibit the Type I substrate-induced difference spectra. 3. investigates the influence of S. frutescens on the catalytic activity of CYP11B1 expressed in COS1 cells, demonstrating that the methanol extract of S. frutescens inhibits the conversion of DOC and deoxycortisol. 4. describes the sequential extraction of the methanol extract of S. frutescens using organic solvents and the inhibition of the conversion of DOC by CYP11B1 expressed in COS1 cells in the presence of these extracts. 5. describes the inhibition of the binding of DOC to CYP11B1 in ovine adrenal mitochondria, and the conversion of DOC by CYP11B1 expressed in COS1 cells by these fractions. 6. identifies the presence of the flavonoid compounds, orientin vitexin and rutin, in S. frutescens. 7. investigates the influence of the flavonoid compounds on the binding of DOC to CYP11B1 and on the catalytic activity of DOC by CYP11B1 expressed in COS1 cells. 8. identifies the presence of the triterpenoid, sutherlandioside A (SU1), in S. frutescens extracts and investigates its effect on the binding of DOC to CYP11B1. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf: 1. die voorbereiding van ‘n metanol ekstraksie van Sutherlandia frutescens en die HPLC fraksionering van die metanol ekstrakte. 2. ‘n ondersoek na die invloed van S. frutescens op die bindingseienskappe van sitochroom P450 11 -hidroksilase (CYP11B1) in skaap bynier mitochondria en demonstreer dat S. frutescens metanol ekstrakte die vorming van steroïed-geinduseerde tipe I verskil spektra van deoksiekortisol en deoksikortikosteroon (DOC) inhibeer. 3. ‘n ondersoek na die invloed van S. frutescens op die katalitiese aktiwiteit van CYP11B1 in COS1 selle en demonstreer die inhibisie van DOC en deoksikortisol omsetting na hul produkte deur die methanol ekstrakte. 4. die opeenvolgende ekstraksie van methanol extrakte van S. frutescens met organiese oplosmiddels en beskryf die inhibisie van die CYP11B1 gekataliseerde omsetting van DOC in COS1selle in die teenwoordigheid van die ekstrakte. 5. die inhibeerende effek op die binding van DOC aan CYP11B1 in skaap bynier mitochondria en die inhibisie van die CYP11B1 gekataliseerde omsetting van DOC in COS1selle. 6. die identifisering van flavonoïed verbindings, orientin vitexin en rutin in S. frutescens. 7. ‘n ondersoek na die invloed van die flavonoïed verbindings op die binding van DOC aan CYP11B1 en op die katalitiese aktiwiteit van CYP11B1 in COS1 selle. 8. die indentifisering van die triterpenoïed, sutherlandiosied A (SU1), in S. frutescens en ondersoek die invloed van SU1 op die binding van DOC aan CYP11B1.
118

An investigation into the stress relieving properties of Sutherlandia frutescens : inhibition of steroidogenic cytochrome P450 enzymes

Prevoo, Desiree 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study: I. Investigates the influence of S. frutescens on the binding properties of cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes in ovine adrenocortical mitochondria and microsomes, demonstrating that S. frutescens extracts elicit difference spectra and inhibit the Type 1 difference spectra induced by natural steroids. II. Indicates inhibition by S. frutescens extracts of the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450-dependent-17a-hydroylase and cytochrome P450-dependentsteroid- 21-hydroxylase enzymes in ovine adrenocortical microsomes. III. Describes an assay determining the inhibitory effects of S. frutescens, in COS L cells, on individual cytochrome P450-dependent enzymes - ovine, baboon and human cytochrome P450-dependent- L7a-hydroylase, and bovine cytochrome P450-dependent-21-hydroxylase enzymes. IV. Demonstrates that the inhibition of elevated plasma glucocorticoid levels in rats exposed to chronic immobilization stress could possibly be attributed to the influence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds in S. frutescens on cytochromes P450-depndent enzymes. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie: I. Ondersoek die invloed van S. frutescens op die bindingseienskappe van sitochroom P450-afhanklike ensieme in skaapbynier mitokondriale en - mikrosomale preparate en toon aan dat komponente in S. frutescens ekstrakte verskil spektra induseer en tipe I verskil spektra van natuurlike steroïede inhibeer. II. Dui die inhiberende effek van S. frutescens ekstrakte op die katalitiese aktiwiteit van sitochroom P450-afhanklike-17a-hidroksilase en sitochroom P450- afhanklike-steroïed- 21-hidroksilase ensieme in skaapbyniermikrosome aan. III. Beskryf 'n tegniek om die inhiberende effek van S. frutescens op individuele sitochroom P450-afhankilike ensieme - bobbejaan, skaap en mens sitochroom P450-afhanklike-17a-hidroksilase, en bees sitochroom P450-afhanklike-steroïed- 21-hidroksilase - in COS 1 selle te bepaal. IV. Demonstreer dat inhibisie van verhoogde glukokortikoïed plasma konsentrasies waargeneem in rotte blootgestel aan kroniese immobiliserende stress, moontlik toegeskryf kan word aan die effek van S. frutescens op die sitochroom P450- afhanklike ensieme.
119

The inhibitory effect of rooibos on cytochromes P450 and downstream in vitro modulation of steroid hormones

Mugari, Mufaro Buhlebenkosi 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study describes: 1. Substrate binding assays investigating the effects of methanolic extracts of unfermented and fermented Rooibos on the binding of natural substrates to ovine adrenal microsomal and mitochondrial P450 enzymes, demonstrating the interference of substrate binding in the presence of the Rooibos extracts. 2. The effects of selected flavonoids (quercetin, rutin and aspalathin) on the binding of natural substrates to ovine adrenal microsomal and mitochondrial P450 enzymes, demonstrating interference of substrate binding in the presence of the flavonoid compounds. 3. Substrate conversion assays in non-steroidogenic COS-1 cells to investigate the effects of methanolic extracts of unfermented and fermented Rooibos on the activity of key steroidogenic P450 enzymes (CYP17A1, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2), demonstrating inhibition of the catalytic activity in the presence of Rooibos extracts. 4. The effects of selected flavonoids on the substrate conversion of the aforementioned key steroidogenic enzymes expressed in COS-1 cells. 5. An investigation of the effect of methanolic extracts of unfermented and fermented Rooibos on steroid hormone production in human adrenal H295R cells under basal and stimulated conditions, demonstrating the modulating effects of unfermented and fermented Rooibos extracts. Basal and stimulated steroid hormone production was decreased in the presence of unfermented and fermented Rooibos. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie beskryf: 1. Die gebruik van substraatbindings-essais om die effek van metanoliese ekstrakte, van gefermenteerde- en ongefermenteerde Rooibos, op die binding van die natuurlike substrate aan skaap adrenale mikrosomale en -mitochondriale P450 ensieme te bepaal. Daar is getoon dat die ekstrakte 'n beduidende inhiberende effek op ensiemsubstraatinteraksie gehad het. 2. Die die inhiberende effek van geselekteerde flavonoïede (kwersetien, rutien and aspalatien) op die binding van die natuurlike substrate aan skaap adrenale mikrosomale en -mitochondriale P450 ensieme. 3. Die gebruik van substraatomsettings-essais in nie-steroïedogeniese COS-1 selle, om die effek van gefermenteerde- en ongefermenteerde Rooibos ekstrakte op die aktiwiteit van die steroïedogeniese P450 ensieme (CYP17A1, CYP21A2, CYP11B1, and CYP11B2) se katalitiese aktiwiteit te bepaal. Daar kon aangetoon word dat die katalitise aktiwiteite van bg. ensieme beduidend beïnvloed word deur die Rooibos ekstrakte. 4. Die gebruik van substraatomsettings-essais in nie-steroïedogeniese COS-1 selle, om die effek van geselekteerde flavonoïede op die aktiwiteit van bogenoemde steroïedogeniese P450 ensieme te bepaal. 5. 'n Ondersoek na die invloed van metanoliese ekstrakte van gefermenteerde- en ongefermenteerde Rooibos op steroïedhormoon biosintese in die menslike adrenale H295R-selmodel. Die ondersoek, onder basale en gestimuleerde toestande, het getoon dat beide Rooibosekstrakte in bogenoemde toestande steroïedhormoon produksie geinhibeer het.
120

Molecular characterization and expression of cytochrome P450 genes in marine shrimps

Chan, Yin-wah, 陳燕華 January 2007 (has links)
published_or_final_version / abstract / Biological Sciences / Master / Master of Philosophy

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