Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1988. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (68-73).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 1988. / Vita. This is an electronic reproduction of TREN, #029-0125. Includes bibliographical references (68-73).

Thesis (J.C.L.)--Catholic University of America, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-77).

In this dissertation, we introduce and study robust optimization models and decomposition algorithms in order to deal with the uncertainties such as terrorist attacks, natural disasters, and uncertain demand that are becoming more and more signicant in power systems operation and planning. An optimal power grid hardening problem is presented as a defender-attacker-defender (DAD) sequential game and solved by an exact decomposition algorithm. Network topology control, which is an eective corrective measure in power systems, is then incorporated into the defender-attacker-defender model as a recourse operation for the power system operator after a terrorist attack. Computational results validate the cost-eectiveness of the novel model. In addition, a resilient distribution network planning problem (RDNP) is proposed in order to coordinate the hardening and distributed generation resource placement with the objective of minimizing the distribution system damage under uncertain natural disaster events. A multi-stage and multi-zone based uncertainty set is designed to capture the spatial and temporal dynamics of a natural disaster as an extension to the N-K worst-case network interdiction approach. Finally, a power market day-ahead generation scheduling problem, i.e., robust unit commitment (RUC) problem, that takes account of uncertain demand is analyzed. Improvements have been made in achieving a fast

Bakgrund: Skatteplanering är ett aktuellt och omdebatterat ämne. I USA har ett Under-sheltering Puzzle kunnat påvisas då vissa företag avstår från att skatteplanera. Vi frågar oss om fenomenet förekommer i Sverige och i så fall varför vissa företag ej skatteplanerar.  Syfte: Studien avser att förklara förekomsten av The Under-sheltering Puzzle i Sverige. Med hjälp av ett företags olika strategier vill vi påvisa fenomenet och förklara omfattningen av börsföretagens skatteplanering.  Metod: En deduktiv ansats genomförs där teorier testas genom hypotesprövning. Teorierna behandlar ett företags olika strategier samt teorin om Upper Echelon. Datan är insamlad mellan åren 2011 och 2015. Slutsatser: Vi kan i studien påvisa att The Under-sheltering Puzzle förekommer i Sverige då vissa grupper av företag tenderar att betala mer skatt än andra. Företagens marknadsstrategi kan anses mest betydelsefull för att förklara varför ett företag väljer eller avstår från att skatteplanera. / Background: Tax sheltering is a subject of debates and a current issue in society. In the USA however, results have demonstrated that some companies exhibit a phenomenon called The Under-sheltering Puzzle and avoid tax sheltering. We raise the question if the phenomenon also is present in Sweden and if that is the case, why some companies avoid taxes.  Purpose: The thesis pertains to explain The Under-sheltering Puzzle in Sweden. By applying theories which cover the different strategies in a company, we intend to proof the existence of the phenomenon and explain the magnitude of tax sheltering in public corporations. Method: A deductive research approach has been used and theories constitutes the basis for our hypotheses. The theories discuss the different strategies in a corporation and the impact of Upper Echelons. The data is collected between the years of 2011 and 2015.  Conclusions: In this thesis we can proof that The Under-sheltering Puzzle is present in Sweden and that some groups of companies tend to pay higher taxes than others. We believe that the market strategy is the most primal factor in explaining why a company choose or avoid tax sheltering.

Title: Retrospective evaluation of results Wingate test in their junior national U18 Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to compare condition levels according to the Wingate test and game results achieved in individual MSJ U18 and determine the degree of functional dependence Wingate anaerobic test parameters according to the U18 category, with a later application of the elite players in the world competitions. Methods: In this thesis has been used retrospective collection of quantitative data from sources ČSLH. Evaluation data were gathered using a correlation relationships of speed and power variables and placement classes at MSJ, respectively. achieved level of competition. The comparison of speed and power variables between years was used analysis of variance with repeated measurements. Results: It was found that the velocity-force characteristics ice hockey player found Wingate test does not have a statistically significant effect on the location of MSJ year and only low statistical significance was found between the variable ANC/kg and the level of competition achieved by the player. The difference between years in speed and power characteristics were not reported. Keywords: ice hockey, condition, player, forward, defender, Wingate test.

This thesis deals with the legal status of persons serving prison from the perspective of selected areas of their fundamental rights. Analyzed areas include the right to protection from torture, cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment, the right to protection of health and to free medical care, the right to be protected from any unauthorized intrusion into one's private and family life and the right to participate in the administration of public affairs through active and passive voting rights. The theory includes institutional guarantees ensuring compliance with these rights and the relevant recommendations of international organizations. Practically oriented casuistic section of the thesis is based on the direct experience gained during authoress' internship at the Czech Helsinki Committee, non- governmental human rights organization based in Prague since 1988.

O trabalho apresenta um estudo sistematizado da curadoria especial, focando especialmente em sua efetividade para a tutela de vulneráveis processuais. Após abordar a vulnerabilidade no âmbito do processo civil, indica que as hipóteses em que há previsão de atuação do curador especial são situações em que a parte está em condições de especial dificuldade para exercer plenamente seus direitos. É apresentado o histórico da curadoria especial até o contexto atual, em que passa a ser função institucional da Defensoria Pública. Analisa pormenorizadamente as peculiaridades da atuação do curador especial na tutela dos direitos do réu revel citado por edital ou com hora certa, do réu preso e do incapaz sem representante legal ou cujos interesses colidam com os de seu representante. A efetividade da curadoria especial é evidenciada pela forma com que a atividade é desempenhada em cada fase do processo. Além disso, apresenta análise de julgados do Supremo Tribunal Federal, do Superior Tribunal de Justiça e do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de São Paulo que tratam da atuação do curador especial, demonstrando que, em diversas oportunidades, o exercício desta função traz resultados positivos, ainda que parcialmente, ao litigante vulnerável. Aborda, ainda, dados sobre a curadoria especial no Estado de São Paulo, apontando que a quantidade de processos em que há esta atuação é proporcionalmente pequena em relação ao movimento judiciário total, bem como que o montante empregado diretamente para seu custeio é razoável. O trabalho expõe, ademais, a percepção de defensores públicos do Estado de São Paulo que exercem a atribuição de curadores especiais, por meio de questionário a eles aplicado. Por fim, conjugando todos os dados apresentados, demonstra que a curadoria especial é efetiva para garantir a ampla defesa e o contraditório das partes em situação de vulnerabilidade processual. / This research introduces a systemized study of the special curator´s activity by emphasizing its capacity to provide protection for those in situation of procedural vulnerability. Overcoming the study of the procedural vulnerability, the research shows that the legal rules that determine the special curator´s activity are related to litigants that are in special situations which compromise the practice of its legal rights in court. After providing the special curators development history, the research leads to the allocation of the curator function on to the Public Defender´s Office. The research also analyses the capacity of such activity in order to protect the rights of the defendant in default cited by edict, of the arrested defendant, and of the minor or disable group lacking legal capacity without legal guardian or trustee. Furthermore, the research checks out how the performance of the special curator activity is able to provide a way of overcoming harmful effects from procedural vulnerability in several stages of the civil procedure. Moreover, the research verifies case-laws regarding the special curator activity in the Brazilian Supreme Court of Justice, Brazilian Federal Court of Justice and State of São Paulo´s Court of Appeals. In several opportunities the results are well-founded to the litigant in procedural vulnerability. The information presented regarding the special curator´s activity in the State of São Paulo is able to demonstrate that the legal proceeding quantity and its direct costs are reasonable. An opinion poll on the special curator activities among the Public Defenders reveals their evaluation regarding this subject. Finally, the research put together all the information provided, concluding that the special curator´s activity is able to assist and assure the full defense and the right of adversary proceedings for those in procedural vulnerability situation.

Research has demonstrated that implicit bias is an inescapable part of the human experience that can have harmful repercussions. Its effects can be seen particularly in the criminal justice system where those of marginalized groups are disproportionately represented. Social workers in the public defender’s office representing indigent clients in the criminal justice system, implicit bias can negatively impact client outcomes or service access. This study sought to explore how these social workers understand implicit bias in their work and will be conducted using qualitative analysis through the use of interviews and document review. This research found that social workers in this setting identify in ways that are very different from their clients and view the resulting implicit bias as an important hurdle to overcome. Social workers reported that working with clients who are similar to them can increase rapport but also introduce issues of countertransference. When working with clients who are different from them, social workers found it most challenging to serve clients with worldviews they found personally offensive, such as homophobia or white supremacy. Social workers of more privileged identities found ways to leverage this advantage to best serve their clients. The participants in this study had mixed feelings on whether or not differences in identity between social workers and clients increase implicit bias or impact client outcomes. There are many larger factors that increase the risk of implicit bias, which participants feel can be mitigated with training and more diverse teams.