Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Passau, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [151]-158) and index.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Heidelberg, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (xi-xxv).

The discrimination jurisprudence in South Africa has developed over the previous decade since the promulgation of the interim and final Constitutions. The Employment Equity Act of 1998 also gave impetus to the development of equality jurisprudence with reference to the workplace. In terms of both the Constitution and the Employment Equity Act, unfair discrimination is forbidden. Both the Constitution and Employment Equity Act list specific grounds on which discrimination would be regarded as unfair. Although discrimination on any of the listed grounds would be regarded as automatically unfair, there is realisation that this cannot be an absolute position. The Employment Equity Act makes provision that employers be able to justify discrimination even on the listed grounds where there are justifiable reasons. In terms of the EEA, it is not unfair discrimination to differentiate between employees on the basis of an inherent requirement of the particular job. It is this defence that is considered in the present treatise. The inherent requirements of the job as a defence in unfair discrimination cases is one, which needs to be carefully considered it in fact requires a clear understanding of what constitutes an inherent requirement. It is equally important to understand that although in one instance it may be justifiable to exclude certain employees on the basis of an inherent requirement of the job, a generalisation may give an employer difficulties under certain circumstances. An employer who is faced with a prospective employee who suffers from a particular illness that would make it impossible to do the job, could raise the defence of an inherent requirement of the job. However, the fact that a particular employee has the same illness as the previous one not employed does not give an employer an automatic right to exclude all prospective employees who suffer from the same illness without having had consideration of their circumstances as well as those of their illnesses. The defence of inherent requirements of the job is therefore valid only where the essence of the business would be undermined by employing or not employing people with certain attributes required or not required to do the job.

This thesis examines civil defense in the United States under the Nixon, Carter and Reagan administrations. Throughout the late Cold War period civil defense policy planners employed a philosophy of dual-use. The Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA) and the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) instructed the American public to plan for a nuclear attack as well as natural disasters. Civil defense directors implemented crisis relocation plans for Americans that lived in designated high-risk areas. In an imminent nuclear attack, Americans in high-risk areas would temporarily relocate to host communities in low-risk areas of the county. This study is a blend of both civil defense policy and the reactions to nuclear war through the prism of popular culture in the late Cold War period.

L’étude porte sur les procédures qui se déroulent « sur requête unilatérale », c’est-à-dire sans que la partie contre laquelle le requérant demande au juge de prononcer une mesure soit préalablement convoquée et entendue. Ces procédures sont d’une importance capitale dans la pratique notamment en matières civile, familiale, sociale et économique, dans lesquelles elles reçoivent de très nombreuses applications quotidiennes. <p>Il s’agit principalement d’analyser de manière approfondie la question de la conformité de ces procédures unilatérales aux règles du procès équitable et au principe général du droit imposant le respect des droits de la défense. L’étude tente de démontrer que le recours à la procédure unilatérale respecte ces règles et principe s'il est strictement encadré et s’il s'accompagne de garanties quant aux pouvoirs du juge qui connaît de la requête et aux voies de recours dont dispose la partie qui est condamnée sans être préalablement convoquée et entendue. <p>Cet objectif peut être atteint moyennant certaines interprétations nouvelles de la loi et plusieurs modifications légales. Des propositions de textes sont dès lors présentées pour améliorer le régime actuel des procédures sur requête unilatérale et l’adapter aux exigences dégagées à l’issue de l’étude. <p> / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished