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以特別預防角度探討緩起訴制度 / Examine the Deferred Prosecution from the Aspect of Specific Deterrence李元棻, Lee, Yuan Fen Unknown Date (has links)
我國緩起訴制度於2002 年制定,立法者於立法時已明文緩起訴係立基於訴訟經濟之目的,以及預防被告再犯之特別預防之刑事政策為出發。而緩起訴制度自2002 年施行至今約莫13 年,是否確能落實當年立法者所預期達成之目的,有效達成被告再犯預防之特別預防目的?或反而因為附條件緩起訴存在太過便利,附條件緩起訴之相關指示與負擔選擇多元且包羅萬象,而忽視制度本身原應該追求的目的?對於制度之目的產生問題後,因我國立法時參考的外國法制為日本的起訴猶豫制度,在日本法上起訴猶豫制度之運用是否也有類似的問題?而因緩起訴制度為一種刑事政策之轉向處分,美國法制上亦有性質類似的審前轉向原則,是否有得以參考的地方?所謂「他山之石,可以攻錯」,若想要達成緩起訴預防再犯之功能,以外國法制作為借鏡下,有無可提供我國法制得以參考的地方?在這樣的思考脈絡下,最後提出本文的一點想法以及參考。
本文希望藉由檢討目前實務上緩起訴之運作狀況,以預防被告再犯之立法初衷為著力點,探討在現行法制下附條件緩起訴之應然面與實然面之落差,並以外國法制作為借鏡,提出緩起訴制度重新思考的方向與建議。期使未來實務上檢察官在作成附條件緩起訴處分時,能夠從預防被告再犯的角度出發,思考附條件緩起訴「應該」要達到怎樣的效果,並藉由參考外國法制之程序上配套措施,相關配套之引進必要性與可能性之探討,希冀附條件緩起訴能夠發揮達到預被被告再犯之目的與效果。
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L’Adoption des Accords de Poursuite Suspendue au Canada : le pouvoir politique bien peu silencieux d’un champion nationalSt-Georges, Simon 09 1900 (has links)
No description available.
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毒品法庭的批判性考察 / A Critical Analysis of Drug Courts林俊儒, Lin, Jun Ru Unknown Date (has links)
毒品法庭自美國發展而逐漸影響世界各地,甚至成為台灣修法倡議,是晚近刑事政策的重要議題。為深入了解毒品法庭,除介紹制度的發展概況與具體內涵外,尚將進一步考掘歷史成因及改革困境,並從制度構造及程序法理的二方面剖析其所引發的爭議。最後,將問題帶回台灣,在透過實證數據理解實務現況的基礎上,將改革情勢與制度問題脈絡化進行比較研究,試圖從刑事政策的觀點提出評價性建議,以作為台灣毒品施用者處遇的策進方向。
毒品法庭於其權限範圍內,避免對於毒品施用者施加刑罰,而改採治療的態度與方法,促使其參與以治療為主、多元且細緻的處遇。在此同時,也視其表現給予懲罰或獎勵,進行嚴密監督以強化治療義務的要求,加深毒品施用者兼具病人與犯人身分的矛盾。另一方面,程序轉為合作、案主導向、問題解決,則與以往對抗、案件導向、真實發現有別。藉此反思台灣毒品施用者處遇,重要的毋寧是檢討制度的各種爭議,以及其背後所顯示的刑事政策的價值選擇。 / Drug Courts that have risen from development in the United States have had a gradual influence on the rest of the world, and have even been amended into Taiwanese law. This has been an important issue in recent discussions of criminal policy. In order to understand Drug Courts in detail, this article first introduces the background and the contents of the system, and then explores historical causes and reform dilemmas. It then analyzes the issue from the perspective of institutional structure and procedural legal principles. To then focus the issue back on Taiwan, on the basis of understanding the current state of practice through empirical data, a comparative study of the context of reform and institutional issues is conducted. Finally, this article will attempt to put forward a proposal for an evaluation from the perspective of criminal policy as a strategy for dealing with drug addicts in Taiwan.
Within its jurisdiction, the Drug Court will avoid applying penalties to drug users, and instead adopt attitudes and methods that focus on meticulous and multi-faceted methods that promote participation in treatment. At the same time, they also punish or reward based on performance, carry out strict supervision aimed at strengthening requirements and treatment obligations, and deepen the contradiction between the identity of patients and prisoners among drug users. On the other hand, the transition of procedures to collaboration, case-director orientation, and problem solving is different from confrontation, case-orientation, and truth discovery. In this regard, it is important to reflect on the problems with the system and the choice of values of the criminal policy seen behind them.
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