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酒癮者之酒駕再犯防治對策- 以社會復歸為中心 / A Study on Deterring the reconviction of the drunk driving of Alcohol Use Disorder- Focusing on the Reintegration張蕙, Chang, Hui Unknown Date (has links)
近年我國刑法第185條之3不能安全駕駛罪受到重大酒駕新聞事件影響倉促修法,然而,嚴罰化不僅無法達到抑制酒駕再犯的效果,立法者亦忽略了行為人的實際樣貌,和媒體渲染並影響人民觀感所生成的犯罪形象具有極大落差,以及隱藏在酒駕再犯議題背後所傳達的社會排除議題,更忽視了酒癮高風險族群與酒駕行為人在勞工階層重合且多數酒駕再犯與累犯患有酒癮的可能性。 尤其,我國對於患有酒癮之酒駕行為人提供的刑事司法處遇制度,無論是轉向處遇或是禁戒處分皆有其侷限,且我國面臨亦嚴重欠缺民間戒酒團體,致使酒駕再犯或累犯陷入無法適用司法處遇與參與民間團體的雙重戒治困境。 有別於我國無法提供適當復歸社會機會的難題,比較法上,美國和日本透過不同的處遇方式,前者以貫徹治療式司法精神的酒駕法庭,後者以官方與民間的協力合作,均達到協助行為人社會復歸的共同目標。 為了改善我國刑事司法制度的缺失,以及幫助這群因酒癮而酒駕的「病犯」得以矯治其酒癮問題,並獲得生活的援助,以順利復歸社會。本文期待透過我國現有禁戒處分制度,實質引入美國酒駕法庭的精髓,作為非拘禁處遇方式,並嘗試從審判階段與矯治計畫進行方式予以調整,建構我國酒駕戒癮治療之藍圖。透過酒癮評估認定制度的改善、禁戒處分期間的延長和使被告享有自願性的保障,使被告在審判過程透過協商程序自願參與禁戒處分,獲得矯治酒癮的機會。並藉由執行處所採取非拘禁處遇、使禁戒處分得由法官主導,或是增加法官定期與被告交換意見、司法監督的有效運作,以及促進戒癮民間團體與社會福利制度,為被告構築穩固的生活環境,降低其再犯的可能性。
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毒品法庭的批判性考察 / A Critical Analysis of Drug Courts林俊儒, Lin, Jun Ru Unknown Date (has links)
毒品法庭自美國發展而逐漸影響世界各地,甚至成為台灣修法倡議,是晚近刑事政策的重要議題。為深入了解毒品法庭,除介紹制度的發展概況與具體內涵外,尚將進一步考掘歷史成因及改革困境,並從制度構造及程序法理的二方面剖析其所引發的爭議。最後,將問題帶回台灣,在透過實證數據理解實務現況的基礎上,將改革情勢與制度問題脈絡化進行比較研究,試圖從刑事政策的觀點提出評價性建議,以作為台灣毒品施用者處遇的策進方向。
毒品法庭於其權限範圍內,避免對於毒品施用者施加刑罰,而改採治療的態度與方法,促使其參與以治療為主、多元且細緻的處遇。在此同時,也視其表現給予懲罰或獎勵,進行嚴密監督以強化治療義務的要求,加深毒品施用者兼具病人與犯人身分的矛盾。另一方面,程序轉為合作、案主導向、問題解決,則與以往對抗、案件導向、真實發現有別。藉此反思台灣毒品施用者處遇,重要的毋寧是檢討制度的各種爭議,以及其背後所顯示的刑事政策的價值選擇。 / Drug Courts that have risen from development in the United States have had a gradual influence on the rest of the world, and have even been amended into Taiwanese law. This has been an important issue in recent discussions of criminal policy. In order to understand Drug Courts in detail, this article first introduces the background and the contents of the system, and then explores historical causes and reform dilemmas. It then analyzes the issue from the perspective of institutional structure and procedural legal principles. To then focus the issue back on Taiwan, on the basis of understanding the current state of practice through empirical data, a comparative study of the context of reform and institutional issues is conducted. Finally, this article will attempt to put forward a proposal for an evaluation from the perspective of criminal policy as a strategy for dealing with drug addicts in Taiwan.
Within its jurisdiction, the Drug Court will avoid applying penalties to drug users, and instead adopt attitudes and methods that focus on meticulous and multi-faceted methods that promote participation in treatment. At the same time, they also punish or reward based on performance, carry out strict supervision aimed at strengthening requirements and treatment obligations, and deepen the contradiction between the identity of patients and prisoners among drug users. On the other hand, the transition of procedures to collaboration, case-director orientation, and problem solving is different from confrontation, case-orientation, and truth discovery. In this regard, it is important to reflect on the problems with the system and the choice of values of the criminal policy seen behind them.
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