The diploma thesis focuses on differences in the preparation of consolidated financial statements according to Austrian and Czech legislation. Although the countries are located in the European Union and the legislation of individual countries is increasingly corrected, there are some differences in the preparation of consolidated financial statements according to the legislation of both countries. These differences are explained by selected economic indicators on the results of the consolidation group. The diploma thesis also includes the preparation of a methodological manual for the preparation of consolidated financial statements according to the legislations of both countries, based on information from the user.

This dissertation entitled "Deferred Tax and its Conceptual Complexities" addresses two immensely complex and intricate issues of deferred taxes and business combinations. Its aim is not only to analyse the development of accounting standards both individually and in mutual dependence, but also, with the help of scholarly works and practical reflections, to draw conclusions on the current state of accounting for deferred tax and on the process of international convergence. In order to achieve this goal, the following approaches were used: close reading of accounting standards as well as professional papers, analysis of the past development from both historical and regional perspective, and deduction of the author's personal conclusions using illustrative charts and a practical example. The dissertation is composed of three interlocking parts looking at deferred tax on its own, the deferred tax in business combinations and deferred tax in a broader context. It is evident, that deferred tax lies at the core of the whole study; however, it does not mean that the ultimate purpose was to dwell on its tiniest details. On the contrary, details, such as the distinction between enacted and substantively enacted tax rates and laws, are pointed out only to shed additional light on the general situation -- especially as the short-term convergence project on deferred taxes is coming to its end -- and on the role of rules versus principles in the current accounting standards, especially on the role of the true and fair view principle. In the first part, the fundamental building blocks (such as the methods of accounting for deferred taxes and the various differences) are introduced from the viewpoint of standards applicable in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, the Czech Republic, and of International Financial Reporting Standards. All the standards are first discussed in chronological order with only the defining issues being analysed; afterwards, the standards are grouped according to the relevant standard setters and discussed in greater detail. The overall picture summarises the main points of the first three chapters. The second part provides the reader first with a general overview of deferred taxes in business combinations, and then focuses on deferred tax assets and the temporary difference arising from the initial recognition of goodwill. The conceptual inconsistencies and the gradually increasing complexity are portrayed using illustrative charts and the results of a simplified practical example based on the data taken from the standards themselves. The conclusion of this part is quite simple: something needs to be done. The question is what. The third part tries to provide the answer. The tentative conclusion is that the path followed by UK standards might currently be the most principle-based, and therefore it could be worth looking at; moreover, it can show that the effort devoted to the reconciliation of US and international standards might be worthless unless it also reconsiders the logic of using the balance sheet liability method with comprehensive allocation but without discounting. The competition among individual standard setters has proved to be of a great importance as it demonstrates that the acceptable alternatives are working not only in the minds of academics, but also in the real world. Finally, the issues of individual responsibility and professional judgement are raised, the pros and cons weighed, and the direction for further research indicated.

The thesis focuses on accounting and taxation system and their different approach in solving particular problems. The first part of this thesis characterizes the essence of accounting, its role and the importance for its users. It also describes the regulation of accounting, influences that contributed to the creation of a legislative framework and the accounting standards nowadays. The description of the tax system is focused on the definition of basic elements of taxes, a brief overview of the current tax system in the Czech Republic and the taxes in accounting. Particular attention is paid to differences and complications that arise from different perspective of tax and accounting system. This concerns the area of provisions, depreciation, valuation allowance and their connection with deferred tax.

本研究以實證檢驗了「營業虧損扣抵遞延所得稅資產」之評價，以及其對股價之價值攸關性。本研究除了發現「營業虧損扣抵遞延所得稅資產」與股價顯著正相關，具有「資產」的性質外，另外觀察在加入「營業虧損扣抵遞延所得稅資產」相關變數後，即「當期營業虧損扣抵變動數」（增加數），或「當期發生營業虧損扣抵虛擬變數」，發現當期發生的「營業虧損扣抵」與股價呈現顯著的負相關，可以推論當期發生的「營業虧損扣抵」對股價係負面消息，且本身使得帳上原有的「營業虧損扣抵遞延所得稅資產」及「所得稅抵減遞延所得稅資產」因本期所得額為負而價值降低；另一個虛擬變數「營業虧損扣抵有效年數虛擬變數」對股價為反向但結果不顯著，可能的原因係樣本公司帳上平均只有一年左右的「營業虧損扣抵遞延所得稅資產」，另外也暗示了「營業虧損扣抵遞延所得稅資產」和「所得稅抵減遞延所得稅資產」未來可實現性，有足夠的課稅所得可供抵減。 / The paper uses the empirical method to examine the value relevance of a company’s deferred tax assets from tax loss carryforwards which respond to the stock price. In addition to the positive effect of deferred tax assets from cumulative tax loss carryforwards, representing the “asset” valuation to save the future tax, the paper finds the negative effect of deferred tax assets from the contemporary tax loss carryforward, which respond to the stock price. The paper uses the incremental value of deferred tax assets from the contemporary tax loss carryforward as a specific variable and two dummy variables, whether the operating loss happens this year and the number of effective periods of unused tax loss carryforwards, to examine the effect of deferred tax assets from the contemporary tax loss carryforward. The empirical result finds that the variable, the incremental value of deferred tax assets from the contemporary tax loss carryforward, and the dummy variable, whether the operating loss happens this year, are significantly negatively related to the stock price in statistics, but the negative effect of the dummy variable, the number of effective periods of unused tax loss carryforwards, is not attested in statistics, with a possible reason of more or less than one effective period of unused tax loss carryforwards.

The aim of this diploma work is to describe the accounting methods and procedures based on an accrual basis and characterize the effect of these methods on financial statements. In the first part of this diploma work are described the accounting method based on an accrual basis. The work is mainly focused on the following topics: transitional items of assets and liabilities, reserves, correcting the value of property items and deferred tax. In the second part are assessed the correctness of the methods applied in the particular company and evaluated the impact of accounting methods on reported profit of the last five years. Further are written up internal accounting directives based on the accrual basis.

The aim of this thesis on "Corporate Income Taxes in Accounting" is to show what takes place this tax in the tax system of Czech Republic, to define the current legislation of this issue, to describe the procedures to detect the amount of payable tax and deferred tax and their subsequent reporting in financial statements. Finally, it views the impact of these taxes on disposable income of the entity.

La investigación del trabajo del presente busca enfatizar y mostrar los posibles impactos en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta que la NIC 12 Impuesto a las ganancias prescribe y la forma en que estos son registrados contable y tributariamente de acuerdo a las normas fiscales actualizadas, y como afecta en los resultados financieros del periodo y los siguientes debido a los activos y pasivos diferidos y los impuestos declarados. La investigación se desarrolló en cinco partes: Capítulo I Marco teórico, el cual incluye los antecedentes, definiciones, nociones y las dimensiones de la Norma y la relevancia de nuestro tema de estudio respecto a la NIC 12 Impuesto a las Ganancias y el Impacto en los Estados Financieros y en el Impuesto a la Renta en el sector Inmobiliario en el distrito de Surco, año 2018. Capítulo II Plan de Investigación, se enuncia la problemática del contexto de la presente investigación, el problema, el objetivo y la hipótesis general y los específicos. Capítulo III Metodología de Investigación, se definió la población y muestra de la investigación, así como las herramientas a utilizar en la Investigación Cualitativa e Investigación Cuantitativa. Capitulo IV Desarrollo de la Investigación; se aplicó las herramientas de investigación como son la entrevista a profundidad y las encuestas, así como los posibles escenarios en el caso práctico. Capítulo V Análisis de Resultados, se realizó el análisis de la información obtenida de la aplicación de los instrumentos y el caso práctico concluyendo con la validación de las hipótesis. / The research in this paper seeks to emphasize and show the possible impacts on the Financial Statements and Income Taxes that IAS 12 Income Tax prescribes and the manner in which these are recorded for accounting and tax purposes in accordance with current tax standards, and how they affect financial results for the period and subsequent periods due to deferred assets and liabilities and declared taxes. The research was developed in five parts: Chapter I Theoretical framework, in which the background, dimensions and importance of our study topic were conceptualized, developed and defined with respect to IAS 12 Income Tax and Impact on Financial Statements and Income Tax in the Real Estate sector in the district of Surco, year 2018. Chapter II Research Plan, exposes the problems of the research scenario, the problem, the objective and the general hypothesis and the specific ones. Chapter III Research Methodology, the population and research sample were defined, as well as the tools to be used in Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research. Chapter IV Research Development; research tools such as in-depth interviews and surveys were applied, as well as possible scenarios in the practical case. Chapter V Analysis of Results, the analysis of the information obtained from the application of the instruments and the practical case was carried out, concluding with the validation of the hypotheses. / Tesis

The aim of this thesis is to draw the attention to the problems in the book-keeping which are influenced by the current tax legislation and which could lead to distortion of the financial statements and therefore also to violation of the concept of true and fair view in the accounting. In this dissertation thesis following accounting transactions are emphasized: allowances for doubtful receivables, depreciation, provisions and deferred tax. These operations are often missed out or distorted in the accounting as their impact on the tax base is neutral.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:14:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 24 / Nenhuma / A presente pesquisa analisou o impacto do reconhecimento de Ativos Fiscais Diferidos (AFDs) nos índices de liquidez corrente, liquidez geral, endividamento e rentabilidade sobre o patrimônio líquido de 36 empresas que fazem parte do nível de governança corporativa da BOVESPA, denominado “Novo Mercado”, com dados das demonstrações contábeis do período de 2006 a 2008. Os índices foram calculados sem a consideração e com a consideração de Ativos Fiscais Diferidos nas referidas demonstrações. A abordagem do estudo é quantitativa; quanto aos objetivos a pesquisa é descritiva e no que tange aos procedimentos técnicos é documental. Constatou-se, por meio do Teste “t”, que o reconhecimento de AFDs tem impacto estatisticamente significativo nos índices de liquidez e endividamento. Adicionalmente, buscando explicar os diferentes níveis de reconhecimento de AFDs na amostra, aplicou-se o teste de correlação e análise de dependência por meio de regressão múltipla. Os resultados revelam não existir relação significativa en / This research examined the impact of the recognition of deferred tax assets (AFDs) in rates of current liquidity, general liquidity, debt and profit of the inheritance of 36 companies that are part of the level of governance corporative from BOVESPA, called "New Market" with data from accounting statements for the period from 2006 to 2008. The indices were calculated without consideration and with consideration of deferred tax assets in these reported demostrations. The approach of the study is quantitative, as the aims; the research is descriptive, in regard about technical procedures; it is documentary. It was verified that the "t" test, that the recognition of AFDs has statistically significant impact on liquidity and debt. Additionally, trying to explain the different levels of recognition of AFDs in the sample, it was applied the test of correlation and dependency analysis through multiple regression. The results showed no significant relationship between the level of recognition AFDs and the explanatory

This final thesis deals with accounting and taxes in terms of consideration and assessment of mutual linkage between these two systems. On the basis of historical development analysis it has been carried out an assessment of the impact of taxation on the fair accounting view. The thesis also includes section concerning transformation of operating profit on tax base for corporate income tax through cleaning of tax revenues and excluding of non-deductible expenses. An integral part of the thesis covers topic of institute of deferred tax, reasons for its creation, calculation and billing. An practical example illustrating given procedures is a part of the closing section.