Coastal forests are facing threats due to rising sea levels, increased storm severity, and land use change. These factors stress trees within coastal ecosystems, potentially predisposing them to attack by insects. In North America, two insect species of concern that pose threats to for coastal forest health are the native baldcypress leafroller (BCLR), Archips goyerana Kruse (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and non-native Japanese cedar longhorned beetle (JCLB), Callidiellum rufipenne Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Baldcypress leafroller has been reported from Mississippi and Louisiana, with defoliation only reported from the latter where increased flooding has stressed host trees. Through widespread trapping efforts, I found that BCLR occurs north into Arkansas and northeast into Delaware. I conducted environmental niche modeling that indicated that climatically suitable habitat in the United States is primarily in the southeastern United States, but that climatic suitability of the southeastern United States will increase and expands northwards. For JCLB, I found that interceptions of this insect of ports of entry in North America have remained low since the implementation of ISPM-15, and that most interceptions occur on wood packaging materials from the insect’s native range. Environmental niche modeling for JCLB indicated that climatically suitable areas were more prevalent in in the northern hemisphere under current and future climatic scenarios, but that poleward shifts in suitability are likely with ongoing climate change.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1252229 bytes, checksum: 0b4593a2852a3887d9a7973222e702d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is an important crop in the world with high economic and social value. The carterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most important defoliator of soybean in North and South Americas and the search for useful insecticides to control this pest has been studied. The neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) is the plant with high insecticide potential of the world. The azadirachtin, synthesized mainly in the fruits of this plant is the main component responsible for the lethal and sub-lethal action of the extracts obtained from neem. The objective of this study was evaluate the potential of products derived from A. indica on A. gemmatalis in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Third stage larvae of A. gemmatalis were fed for four days with artificial diet containing neem seed ethanol extract and oil trade, AzamaxTM. Mortality, food consumption, feces production, weight gain, weight and deformation of pupae at 24 hours old and the number of eggs per female emerged from larvae fed on sub-lethal doses of azadirachtin were evaluated in laboratory. The effects of neem seed extract and the oil trade on mortality and food consumption of larvae of A. gemmatalis in soybean plants in the greenhouse were also evaluated. The neem seed extract and trades Azamax, caused deleterious effects on the A. gemmatalis larvae, as larval and pupal mortality, reduction of food intake and weight gain, disruption of midgut cells and changes in the fat body. Lower dosages of neem seed extract reduced the egg productions of the A. gemmatalis moths. Soybean plants sprayed with both products from A. indica caused high mortality and reduced the damages by A. gemmatalis in greenhouse conditions. The neem products can be used in integrated program management of A. gemmatalis in the soybean crop. / A soja [Glicine max (L.) Merr.] é uma das mais importantes plantas cultivadas no mundo com grande valor econômico e social. Insetos pragas podem reduzir a produção dessa cultura, destacando-se Anticarsia gemmatalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), como o desfolhador mais importante da soja nas Américas do Sul e Norte. O nim indiano, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae), é a planta com maior potencial inseticida do mundo. A azadiractina, sintetizada principalmente nos frutos dessa planta, é o principal composto responsável pela ação letal e subletal dessa substância. Os efeitos da azadiractina sobre A. gemmatalis não foram, ainda, estudados, mas, essa praga demonstrada elevada suscetibilidade à inseticidas sintetizados por plantas. Os objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar o potencial de produtos derivados de A. indica sobre A. gemmatalis em condições de laboratório e casa de vegetação. Lagartas de terceiro estádio de A. gemmatalis foram alimentadas por quatro dias com dieta artificial contendo extrato etanólico de sementes de A. indica e óleo comercial, Azamax®. A mortalidade, consumo alimentar, produção de fezes, ganho de peso vivo, peso e deformação de pupas com 24 horas após o inicio desse estágio e sobrevivência e a quantidade de ovos produzidos por fêmea emergida a após a exposição ao estrato de nim na fase jovem foram avaliados em laboratório. Os efeitos da aplicação de extrato de sementes de nim e do óleo comercial, Azamax® sobre a mortalidade e consumo alimentar de lagartas de A. gemmatalis em plantas de soja, em casa de vegetação foram, também, avaliados. O extrato de sementes de nim e óleo comercial, Azamax, causaram efeitos deletérios nas lagartas de A. gemmatalis, como mortalidade larval e pupal, redução do consumo alimentar e do ganho de peso, desorganização nas células do intestino médio, modificações no corpo gorduroso e redução da síntese de proteínas no corpo gorduroso. Mariposas A. gemmatalis expostas ao extrato de nim apresentarm redução na quantidade de ovos produzidos. A pulverização de plantas de soja com produtos derivado de A. indica causou elevada mortalidade e reduziu os danos por A. gemmatalis nessa cultura. Isto torna possível a utilização desses produtos em programas de manejo integrado de A. gemmatalis na cultura da soja.