Majority of traditional assembly packaging are applied in consumer electronics and communication products. Electrical signals are transmitted through gold wire connecting IC and inner leadframe. The assembled product is then mounted to PCB board via outer lead. However, products with complicated functions require new development on advanced IC packaging solution that makes low market demand for traditional process. Therefore, assembly package cost reduction is the first target to keep the advantages of the products and make it profitable. In this thesis, the feasibility on leadframe design from small matrix (2 row) to large matrix was analyzed making high volume throughput by increasing the totally unit quantity in one strip leadframe. With the introduction of the new strip outline dimensions, the staging time increases at wire bonder machine resulting to copper layer delamination. Appropriate control on the preheat temperature resolved the copper layer delamination issue. Assembly package for large leadframe design was then proposed and the capacity of machine was surveyed. The benefit of product cost saving and the increase on assembly yield for the enlarged leadframe are evaluated accordingly.

Chemnitz, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2001.

No description available.

Geological, geophysical, and geochemical evidence indicates that a significant portion of the continental mantle lithosphere may be absent in a number of regions near plate boundaries or plate interiors. Delamination and viscous Rayleigh-Taylor instability (“dripping”) are widely cited to account for the missing lithosphere, however these removal processes are poorly constrained. This thesis examines the dynamics of delaminating and dripping mantle lithosphere, in particular focusing on the response of the crust to underlying lithospheric removal. Using forward computational models, I explore whether certain (surface) geological observables may be diagnostic of either removal mechanism. Surface topography associated with delamination has a broad zone of uplift above the lithospheric gap and a mobile zone of subsidence at the delamination hinge, whereas with dripping lithosphere, the topographic expression is symmetric and fixed above the mantle lithosphere downwelling. The pattern of crustal deformation is also distinctly asymmetric with delamination compared to dripping lithosphere. Expanding on these results, I investigate whether present day geological geophysical observables in Eastern Anatolia are consistent with delamination of the mantle lithosphere. Experimental results demonstrate that well-developed plateau uplift, syn-convergent extension, and crustal thinning in the central part of the Anatolian plateau are consistent with a topographic profile at longitude 42ºE and a geologically interpreted zone of syn-convergent extension in eastern Anatolia. With three-dimensional physical scaled analogue modeling experiments, I consider the process of oceanic plate subduction evolving into continental delamination. Model results show that slower plate convergence with retreating ocean lithosphere subduction can develop into delamination,whereas for the experiments with higher plate convergence, the crust above the consumed mantle lithosphere becomes accreted on the retro-plate similar to flake tectonics. The results suggest that delamination is a process analogous to subduction retreat; however, delamination involves decoupling of the retreating mantle lithosphere slab from the buoyant continental crust.

Geological, geophysical, and geochemical evidence indicates that a significant portion of the continental mantle lithosphere may be absent in a number of regions near plate boundaries or plate interiors. Delamination and viscous Rayleigh-Taylor instability (“dripping”) are widely cited to account for the missing lithosphere, however these removal processes are poorly constrained. This thesis examines the dynamics of delaminating and dripping mantle lithosphere, in particular focusing on the response of the crust to underlying lithospheric removal. Using forward computational models, I explore whether certain (surface) geological observables may be diagnostic of either removal mechanism. Surface topography associated with delamination has a broad zone of uplift above the lithospheric gap and a mobile zone of subsidence at the delamination hinge, whereas with dripping lithosphere, the topographic expression is symmetric and fixed above the mantle lithosphere downwelling. The pattern of crustal deformation is also distinctly asymmetric with delamination compared to dripping lithosphere. Expanding on these results, I investigate whether present day geological geophysical observables in Eastern Anatolia are consistent with delamination of the mantle lithosphere. Experimental results demonstrate that well-developed plateau uplift, syn-convergent extension, and crustal thinning in the central part of the Anatolian plateau are consistent with a topographic profile at longitude 42ºE and a geologically interpreted zone of syn-convergent extension in eastern Anatolia. With three-dimensional physical scaled analogue modeling experiments, I consider the process of oceanic plate subduction evolving into continental delamination. Model results show that slower plate convergence with retreating ocean lithosphere subduction can develop into delamination,whereas for the experiments with higher plate convergence, the crust above the consumed mantle lithosphere becomes accreted on the retro-plate similar to flake tectonics. The results suggest that delamination is a process analogous to subduction retreat; however, delamination involves decoupling of the retreating mantle lithosphere slab from the buoyant continental crust.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Gravel aggregates had been used extensively in the Houston District of Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for continuously reinforced concrete pavements construction for many years. However, some of these pavements have been subject to early age delamination and eventual spalling damage. Therefore, a series of studies funded by TxDOT since the early 1990's has been conducted to gain a better understanding of mechanisms, material properties, and construction practices, and to provide guidelines and recommendations for minimizing early-age delamination in concrete pavements made with gravel aggregates. In this study, a test protocol to measure the bond strength between aggregates and cement mortar was established, and the effects of different material and construction parameters on the bond strength of concrete at early ages using a fractional factorial design were investigated. The significances of each factor to achieve better bonding performance were determined, and the optimum design combination was subsequently chosen and validated. Geometric parameters were proposed to characterize aggregate shape properties relative to bonding performance with the facilitation of the Aggregate Imaging System. A rating system based on utility theory was developed to evaluate the overall contribution of aggregate properties (i.e. physical, geometric, and chemical) to the concrete bonding capability and the feasibility of certain mixture design combinations. As for theoretical representation of the bond strength across the interfacial transition zone, a model of interfacial fracture energy between aggregate and mortar that represents the energy necessary to create a crack along the interface was formulated. This model built the connection between concrete properties at the meso-level (represented by the interfacial fracture energy between aggregate and mortar) and the macro-level (represented by fracture toughness of concrete and significant influencing materials and construction factors). In addition, the moisture effects on stress development of concrete pavements at early ages using field data as inputs were numerically simulated, and a fracture mechanics-based approach was used to predict the occurrence of delamination. A delamination detection protocol for the field was developed to explore the feasibility and potential of utilizing Ground Penetration Radar technology in delamination detection. Research findings from laboratory investigation, field testing, theoretical modeling, and numerical analysis were further validated through field test sections, and the associated framework for delamination guidelines was established.

Gravel aggregates had been used extensively in the Houston District of Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) for continuously reinforced concrete pavements construction for many years. However, some of these pavements have been subject to early age delamination and eventual spalling damage. Therefore, a series of studies funded by TxDOT since the early 1990's has been conducted to gain a better understanding of mechanisms, material properties, and construction practices, and to provide guidelines and recommendations for minimizing early-age delamination in concrete pavements made with gravel aggregates. In this study, a test protocol to measure the bond strength between aggregates and cement mortar was established, and the effects of different material and construction parameters on the bond strength of concrete at early ages using a fractional factorial design were investigated. The significances of each factor to achieve better bonding performance were determined, and the optimum design combination was subsequently chosen and validated. Geometric parameters were proposed to characterize aggregate shape properties relative to bonding performance with the facilitation of the Aggregate Imaging System. A rating system based on utility theory was developed to evaluate the overall contribution of aggregate properties (i.e. physical, geometric, and chemical) to the concrete bonding capability and the feasibility of certain mixture design combinations. As for theoretical representation of the bond strength across the interfacial transition zone, a model of interfacial fracture energy between aggregate and mortar that represents the energy necessary to create a crack along the interface was formulated. This model built the connection between concrete properties at the meso-level (represented by the interfacial fracture energy between aggregate and mortar) and the macro-level (represented by fracture toughness of concrete and significant influencing materials and construction factors). In addition, the moisture effects on stress development of concrete pavements at early ages using field data as inputs were numerically simulated, and a fracture mechanics-based approach was used to predict the occurrence of delamination. A delamination detection protocol for the field was developed to explore the feasibility and potential of utilizing Ground Penetration Radar technology in delamination detection. Research findings from laboratory investigation, field testing, theoretical modeling, and numerical analysis were further validated through field test sections, and the associated framework for delamination guidelines was established.