The study was conducted to investigate the ecological effectiveness and economicefficiency of four wastewater treatment plants in East Central Indiana (Muncie, Anderson, Alexandria, and Paws). Data were collected from the four plants, then analyzed descriptively and statistically, and compared in terms of ecological effectiveness and economic efficiency. The Muncie, Anderson, and Paws wastewater treatment facilities were not significantly different from one another in terms of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) reductions, but each reduced BOD5 more than the Alexandria facility over the three- year period (1996, 1997, and 1998). Plants were not statistically different regarding suspended solids (SS) reductions. The Muncie, Anderson, and Paws wastewater treatment plants were also not significantly different from one another on ammonia reduction, but each plant reduced ammonia significantly more than Alexandria. Muncie and Anderson were not different from each other on dissolved oxygen (DO) levels, but each had a statistically higher level of DO in the final effluent than Alexandria and Paws. The study showed a statistically significant difference in fecal coliform bacteria abatement between Anderson and Alexandria, Anderson and Paws, and Muncie and Alexandria. Furthermore, Muncie, Anderson and Alexandria were different in terms of cost per 1000 gallons of wastewater treated. Muncie has been treating wastewater at a lower cost than the other treatment plants, whereas Anderson had a higher cost over the three-year period. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Master of Regional and Community Planning / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Stephanie A. Rolley / This report will examine the effect that shifting political ideologies have had on the redevelopment process for Penn’s Landing and how citizen activism influenced planning reform along the Central Delaware Riverfront. It addresses the historical development that lead to the demise of Philadelphia’s port industry and waterfront commerce. The study discusses the influences that mayoral administrations from the 1950s to present day have had on planning for Penn’s Landing. The report reviews the public forums held by Penn Praxis to change the course of planning from a top-down approach to a grassroots effort and evaluates the progress that has been made in the years following the forums. An analysis of the political ideologies of Philadelphia’s mayoral administrations is made to determine that the most effective approach to advancing waterfront redevelopment along the Central Delaware Riverfront involves discovering the right balance of private investment and public involvement.

Adult stonefly emergence, nymphal growth, drift and microdistribution were examined in Battle Branch, a secondorder, spring-fed stream, from November, 1982 to May, 1984. Adults of 22 species emerged successionally, with specific adults present every month. Searching emergent objects and the stream margin was best for collection of winter and early spring emerging species. Sweeping the streamside and light trapping were most efficient for late spring and summer emerging species. Nymphal growth for nine abundant species generally fit double log or semilog models. Drift was low, but did show a post-sunset pulse. Generally, leaf material was found to be significantly related (p<O.001) to density, diversity and biomass of stoneflies in Battle Branch.

Groundwater contamination by landfill generated leachate is a problem that is increasingly addressed for proposed and existing landfill sites.This thesis examines groundwater contamination movement from the abandoned Delaware County Municipal landfill. The site is located in the crest of a highly permeable sand and gravel glacial esker which allows for rapid movement of ground water and any contaminants introduced into it.The landfill site was originally investigated in the late 1970's by Ed Lusch, a graduate student at the Ball State University Geology Department. That study showed some indications of ground water contamination movement to about 400 feet west of the site, in the direction of ground water flow. This indicated position of a contamination plume suggested that leachate, generated from the landfill site, had moved to that position since (or possibly before) the closing of the landfill in 1971.The present study, using a combination of surface resistivity methods, on-site test wells, and chemical analyses of ground water, attempted to determine the degree of contamination movement from the site since the original study and the extent to which the local aquifer had been affected. Results of this investigation revealed an apparent slow movement of leachate from the landfill westward towards the Mississinewa River, also in the direction of ground water flow. Surface resistivity methods of this study revealed the plume of contamination (indicated by resistivity "low" area) to now exist at approximately the same location as indicated in the earlier study, but to have expanded laterally. This investigation also found indications of the contamination plume well into the underlying fractured dolostone.Chemical analyses of nearby residential wells also revealed slightly elevated amounts of chloride, ammonia and specific conductivity in the ground water of the glacial esker south of the abandoned landfill site. The presence of three other dump sites, including a sludge dump, along the esker south of the landfill, offers questions as to the source of ground water contamination.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Universiẗat, Diss.--Heidelberg, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 277 - 317.

This thesis identifies the housing affordability in Muncie metropolitan areas through the interaction of the major housing market components, of supply and demand for housing units. The purpose of this work has been the investigation of the historical housing performance that Muncie has experienced from 1970 through 1990, in order to determine whether housing affordability problem exists in Muncie and how it has been developed over the study period. Two major approaches are used, cross-sectional and cohort analysis, to examine the relationships among several variables. The main variables are population, households , and housing characteristics which represent the demand and supply of housing stock.The findings from this study have determined that the housing affordability problem in Muncie has escalated more than the other areas within Delaware County since 1970. The major causes of accelerating affordability problem were the real decline of family incomes and the increase of the numbers of low-income populaion, families and households. The lack of employment opportunities, and low payroll were underlying the decline of real income. The decline in number of mortgages was also one of the causes of the afforadability problem over the course of the study period. / Department of Urban Planning

This thesis examines the public relations evaluation process in a nonprofit organization. By conducting a case study of a nonprofit organization’s approach on evaluation, the researcher investigates and analyzes the common success indicators found in the theoretical public relations evaluation models and the success indicators used by the nonprofit organization in its evaluation. Based on the findings of this study, a theoretical model of public relations evaluation dedicated to the nonprofit organization is proposed. The results of the analysis reveal that the nonprofit organization values evaluation and looks at it as tool for improving the organizational impact. This thesis proposes that the evaluation of the nonprofit organization should focus more on the role of public relations as a bridge between the nonprofit and its audience, and between the organizational goals and the community goals. The proposed model of public relations evaluation is aimed at helping the organization to better fulfill its objectives and to pave the way towards a dedicated theoretical framework for nonprofit public relations evaluation. / Department of Journalism

The purpose of this study was to describe the migration of a selected group of church members from their Appalachian counties of origin to Muncie, Indiana, with specific attention being given to religious beliefs, causes for migration, urban residential patterns, the degree of occupational mobility, and the establishment of migrant churches. The sample studied consisted of members of four migrant churches that had been founded between 1936 and 1959. The migrants' Appalachian origins were obtained from the records of transfers of membership from their original church to the one in Muncie. Tabulation of these transfers revealed that 90.1 percent of them came from four counties: McCreary and Wayne in Kentucky, and Fentress and Scott in Tennessee.Data on living conditions in these Appalachian counties were derived from census material, with detailed attention being given to population, birth rates, economy, employment, education, and housing. The impact these factors had on migration was evaluated. Information as to the migrants' residential patterns and occupational mobility was drawn from the censuses and Muncie city directories. The rates of residential and occupational mobility were determined by examining data at five-year intervals beginning with 1940.The role played by religion in the area of the migrants' origin also was explored. Extensive treatment was given to the establishment of migrant churches and their role in the migration process. Church records and interviews were used to describe the founding of churches as well as how they compared with their counterparts in Appalachia.One of the findings of this study is that a decline in coal mining and subsistence farming was not the chief factor accounting for migration from this four-county region. In the 1940s the decline in these two categories of employment only accounted for 18 percent of the out-migration. But in the following decade, they did account for 58 percent of the exodus. Census data before 1950 indicated that more jobs in other categories had lessened the impact of mining and agriculture on migration. However, after 1950 employment in other categories also declined, making migration even more pronounced.The chief factor responsible for migration from this area was the high rate of natural increase. Birth rates were twice as high as the national average and half of these counties' inhabitants were under twenty years old. Population pressure existed because the economy could not absorb the annual increase. Approximately 60 percent of the out-migration resulted from this high rate of natural increase.An investigation of residential patterns did not reveal the clustering of migrants within city blocks. Instead, concentrations of migrants were found within larger housing districts. They tended to move into the central part of the city as well as four other districts with substandard housing. When those areas filled up, they moved over into the southeast side. Significant concentrations were also found in the Black areas.Study of the migrants' occupational patterns revealed only marginal mobility. All of them started as unskilled or semi-skilled laborers, with only 8.4 percent improving their position over the thirty-five year period studied. The latter were upgraded as industrial supervisors or skilled laborers. However, none of the migrants became white-collar employees or managed to move into new or elaborate housing. Overall, these people have preferred the step-by-step marginal advancements that are consistent with their culture.The most significant fact about these migrant churches is that they were established and are maintained by extended family groups which originated and still have deep roots in Appalachia. Urbanization was found to have had some impact in the sense that they eventually had adopted more church programs, more worship services, and full-time ministers like other urban churches. However, in their basic religious practices and beliefs, and in the way they depend upon bonds of kinship these churches still reflect many of the basic characteristics of those back in Appalachia.

Zugl.: Köln, University, Diss., 2005.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 157-168).