This thesis focuses on the analysis of initiative D.O.S.T., currently one of the most important Czech extreme-right groups. D.O.S.T. comes with a radically conservative critique of current concepts and direction of democracy, yet she managed to reach support among political parties accepted as legitimate and also influential public figures. The work is based on the assumption, that the main reason for this is that the initiative despite being extremely right-wing organization, highlights also real deficits of democracy. Therefore it can be seen as a challenge of present. The aim of this paper is to analyze critically this challenge by mentionning the initiative in all relevant contexts. The paper therefore deals firstly with the intellectual and political roots of its founders in the extreme right-organization called Právo a Spravedlnost. After it analyzes the initiative itself, its manifesto, activities, the main problematised issues and linkages with other political forces. In conclusion, the papers considers the perspective of eventual genesis of a new political party established by the initiative D.O.S.T.

Delegative democracy is a new concept of democratic governance. It is meant as a new system of trust among people. It is derived from principles of direct democracy and presents only minimal form of representation. The voter is not forced to cast his vote directly, but it can be transferred to a delegate. Delegative democracy is based on openness, awareness and trust. It is still only a concept and for real application it has to face rising critics. Main issues are high costs, threat of populism and corruption and overall complexity. Agent-based modelling is chosen to test the validity of delelagative democracy principles. It is suitable for studying social phenomena such as democratic governance. Agent-based models apply a "new kind" of artificial intelligence -- a dynamic system composed of individual and autonomous units -- agents -- which interact within the environment. Universal methodology called Agentology is used to propose a new agent-based model. This methodology is composed of subsequent steps. These steps cover initial analysis, conceptual and technological proposal and development of the model itself. Assessment of delegative democracy principles is achieved with data acquired from the agent-based model. Delegative democracy is less effective for small and cooperative system than direct democracy. If more voters are delegating, this effectiveness decreases even more. This conclusion is based on initial parameters of the model. Delegating voters count is indeed a relevant parameter whereas total voters count is not. The model has its basic predicative value and is open to further elaboration.

The aim of my Thesis is to analyze the way how Kenya gained independence, how the process of democratization had conducted and the development in the 21th century. The reason for the focus on Kenya is that it is a country which I am interested in and I want to get the new information. The work is divided into five chapters. The first chapter gives information about the current economic, geographic, demographic and political situation in the country. The second chapter focuses on the historical development till 1944. Includes description of the oldest inhabitants of the planet Earth, the original inhabitants of the country, settlers and colonizers. Year 1944 is chosen deliberately, this is the year when first Kenya had been elected to the National Assembly. The third chapter deals with the situation in the country until 1963, when the country was granted independence. This chapter deals with the rebellion Mau - Mau, congresses at which was discussed the constitution of an independent country, important personal proces sof independence - the first and the second president Jomo Kennyat and Daniel Arap Moi's regime. The fourth chapter gives information about the process of democratization. Here I describe how the process of democratization in Kenya had conducted and all the things that happened in the country since independence. The fifth chapter seeks to answer the question of why we can not say that Kenya is a democratic state. Describe here the notion of tribalism, which has a major impact on what is happening in the country. The members of the nation are loyal to their ethnicity in any case, and therefore it is not possible to develop democracy in the country in the literal sense.

In my thesis I analyse the issue of democracy in antiquity. Research includes practice and theory. At the beginning I will focus on the analysis of the real functioning of democracy in the Athenian polis (how the idea of democracy arose, what were the political institutions, who had or did not have a share in the controlling of the polis etc.). Emphasis is placed on the history of Athens in the 6th to 4th centuries BC. The core of this chapter is the time of Pericles when Athenian democracy reached its peak. The second part of the thesis describes how democracy was viewed by leading ancient thinkers - Plato and his disciple Aristotle. One of the aims of this thesis is to understand their criticism of the democratic establishment and what alternatives governments offer as better. The third part of the thesis is a comparison between political reality in ancient Athens and political theory in the works of Plato and Aristotle.

This thesis examines the level of intra-party democracy within the Czech Greens. Using two separate content analyses (a quantitative analysis of the party statutes and a qualitative analysis of several interviews with active party members) the three main criteria of intra-party democracy are measured - inclusiveness, decentralisation and institutionalisation. Following the results of the two said analyses that both prove and amend each other it is stated that the level of intra-party democracy within the Czech Greens is currently considerably high. The two analyses also revealed persisting gaps and possible threats to intra-party democracy within the Czech Greens. Because of the lack of a comparable research on this topic in Czech political environment the results are collated to those of some other Central-European countries and simultaneously stated as normative. The method used is also suggested to inspire further research to be made on the level of intra-party democracy of any other Czech political party.

of The PhD Thesis by Bogdana DEPO 'Goliath Versus Goliath: EU Democracy Promotion in the Eastern Neighbourhood and Russia's Alternative Agenda' The proclamation of the ultimate victory of the liberal democracy, which was popular in the 1990s, has clearly become inconsistent today, especially if one looks at the Eastern Partnership countries. Whereas EU was the biggest democracy promoter in the world, establishing stable democracy in its Eastern European neighbourhood remains a challenge. The main assumption of these thesis is that Russia's competitive agenda has outbalanced EU's efforts in democracy promotion, or at least challenged it. This competition was manifested by considerable evolution of the policy instruments developed by both competitive actors. Goliath versus Goliath describes EU's growing assertiveness with democracy promotion and Russia's alternative agenda which offsets EU's influence in the shared neighbourhood. Theoretically speaking it might appear as a clash of the liberal democracy concept versus realism. The main conclusion of these thesis is that the EU was not be able to advance its democracy promotion as every new step in democratization was met with a spiral of Russia's assertive actions.

The subject of this work is in description of the development and analysis of the logic of the Hungarian regime after 2010, as well as the changes that occurred after the victory of Viktor Orbán and his Fidesz party in parliamentary election. In this work, there fundamental research questions will be examined for this purpose, i. e. (1) What constitutional changes have occurred in Hungary and what are their consequences (?), (2) How did the electoral system change and what was the logic and impact of this change (?) and at the same time (3) What character and why is the current regime in Hungary (?). Keywords: Hungary; Illiberal Democracy; Constitution

Nowadays liberal democracy is faced with a crisis bought mainly by the liberal-democratic elites with their approach and the politics they established during the period of boundless triumphalism in the 1990s. Sand castles, whether it was the inevitability of progress or capitalism as a miraculous elixir to all the ills of society at the time, built during this period, began to crumble like a house of cards. Associated with the financial crisis that erupted in the United States in 2007 it spread practically all over the world. The period of the global financial crisis has shown that the creation of a legal framework, building of a conscious civil society and the system of values on which the society is built and identifies with them, or the construction of a liberal-democratic identity fell behind economic transformation and economic growth after 1989 and the people's relationship to liberal democracy was built primarily on economic aspects. This created space for those who for many years hid rather in the shadows, on the edge of the spectrum of political power. A fraction of the liberal-democratic elites, with their approach and politics of a kind of arrogance of power and the style of labeling their opponents, have turned against them even those who a priori did not have a negative attitude...

This thesis aims to characterize the way philosopher and politician Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk viewed philosophy and religion. Since an individual's thinking in these aspects is formed gradually in line with one's life experiences and events, it is necessary to discuss some parts of his life for a deeper understanding of the issue at hand. These not only had influence on the formation of the above-mentioned views, but the very approach that Masaryk adopted in these situations and causes has a considerable value itself. For example the Hilsner trials or the issue of the authenticity of the Manuscripts - in both cases Masaryk had a clear opinion he would stick to, despite sharp criticism he had to face. Some philosophers, thinkers and clergymen also had a major influence on Masaryk. From a religious point of view, he most likely took on the thoughts of Jesus and Hus. On the philosophical level, it is difficult to choose the most influential one, but this position would most likely be occupied by Plato, whom Masaryk as a philosopher highly respected. On the other hand, Masaryk himself fundamentally influenced some of his followers, for example Jan Patočka, whose struggle with Masaryk's philosophy is also discussed. Although Masaryk's concept of religion and philosophy is a very complex subject, we can...

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