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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

PAKs 1 & 3 Control Postnatal Brain Development and Cognitive Behaviour through Regulation of Axonal and Dendritic Arborizations

Huang, Wayne 03 December 2012 (has links)
The molecular mechanisms that coordinate postnatal brain enlargement, synaptic properties and cognition remain an enigma. This study demonstrates that neuronal complexity controlled by p21-activated kinases (PAKs) is a key determinant for postnatal brain enlargement and synaptic properties. Double knockout (DK) mice lacking both PAK1 and PAK3 were severely impaired in postnatal brain growth, resulting in a dramatic reduction in brain volume at maturity. Remarkably, the reduced brain was accompanied by minimal changes in total cell count, due to a significant increase in cell density. However, the DK neurons have smaller soma, markedly simplified dendritic arbors/axons and reduced synapse density. Surprisingly, the DK mice were elevated in basal synaptic responses due to enhanced individual synaptic potency, but severely impaired in bi-directional synaptic plasticity. The PAK1/3 action is likely mediated by cofilin-dependent actin regulation because the activity of cofilin and the properties of actin filaments were specifically altered in the DK mice.
2

PAKs 1 & 3 Control Postnatal Brain Development and Cognitive Behaviour through Regulation of Axonal and Dendritic Arborizations

Huang, Wayne 03 December 2012 (has links)
The molecular mechanisms that coordinate postnatal brain enlargement, synaptic properties and cognition remain an enigma. This study demonstrates that neuronal complexity controlled by p21-activated kinases (PAKs) is a key determinant for postnatal brain enlargement and synaptic properties. Double knockout (DK) mice lacking both PAK1 and PAK3 were severely impaired in postnatal brain growth, resulting in a dramatic reduction in brain volume at maturity. Remarkably, the reduced brain was accompanied by minimal changes in total cell count, due to a significant increase in cell density. However, the DK neurons have smaller soma, markedly simplified dendritic arbors/axons and reduced synapse density. Surprisingly, the DK mice were elevated in basal synaptic responses due to enhanced individual synaptic potency, but severely impaired in bi-directional synaptic plasticity. The PAK1/3 action is likely mediated by cofilin-dependent actin regulation because the activity of cofilin and the properties of actin filaments were specifically altered in the DK mice.
3

筋萎縮性側索硬化症2型原因遺伝子のショウジョウバエホモログの生体内機能

高山, 雄太 23 May 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 甲第18483号 / 生博第312号 / 新制||生||41(附属図書館) / 31361 / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科統合生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 上村 匡, 教授 垣塚 彰, 教授 藤田 尚志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM
4

Rôle de CHMP2B et du complexe ESCRT-III dans le remodelage dans membranes cellulaires : cas des épines dendritiques / Role of CHMP2B and ESCRT-III in in the remodeling of cellular membranes : example of dendritic spines

Chassefeyre, Romain 16 December 2013 (has links)
CHMP2B est une sous-unité du complexe ESCRT-III, un complexe cytosolique très conservé, responsable du remodelage des membranes biologique, dans divers processus cellulaires. Des mutations de CHMP2B sont associées à une forme familiale de démence frontotemporale. Une étude précédente a mis en évidence que les mutants pathogènes de CHMP2B altèrent la morphologie des épines dendritiques, un phénomène potentiellement à l'origine de la maladie. Ce travail de recherche a pour objectif de décrire le rôle de CHMP2B, et du complexe ESCRT-III, dans la structure et le fonctionnement des épines dendritiques. Dans des lignées cellulaires, nous avons démontré que CHMP2B a la propriété de s'associer préférentiellement à la membrane plasmique, de se polymériser en filaments hélicoïdaux et de former de longs et fins tubes membranaires. Ce résultat indique que CHMP2B est directement impliqué dans le remodelage de la membrane plasmique. Dans les neurones, CHMP2B se concentre dans des régions sous-membranaires proches de la PSD. Une analyse biochimique a montré que CHMP2B et CHMP4B sont associées à d'autres sous-unités, pour former un complexe ESCRT-III postsynaptique particulièrement stable. Nous avons identifié par spectrométrie de masse que ce complexe interagit également avec des protéines d'échafaudage postsynaptiques et des protéines de remodelage du cytosquelette d'actine. La déplétion de CHMP2B par RNAi, dans des neurones en culture, affecte la complexité de l'arborisation dendritique, la morphologie des épines dendritiques et empêche le gonflement des épines associé à la LTP. Des expériences de récupération, avec des mutants pontuels, indiquent que le rôle de CHMP2B dans le maintien de l'arborisation dendritique est dépendant à la fois de de son association avec ESCRT-III et la bicouche phospholipidique. Nous proposons une nouvelle fonctionnalité pour un complexe ESCRT-III contenant CHMP2B, dans les processus de remodelage de la membrane postsynaptique associés à la maturation et à la plasticité des épines dendritiques. / CHMP2B is a subunit of ESCRT-III, a highly conserved cytosolic protein machinery, responsible for membrane remodeling in diverse cellular mechanisms. Mutations in CHMP2B are responsible for a familial form of frontotemporal dementia. A previous study highlighted that FTD-related mutants of CHMP2B impair the morphological maturation of dendritic spines, a process that may underlie neurodegeneration in this disease. The goal of this research work id directed towards understanding the role of CHMP2B and ESCRT-III in dendritic spines structure and function. In cell lines, we demonstrated that CHMP2B associates preferentially with the plasma membrane, polymerizes in helical filaments and forms long and thin membrane protrusions. This result indicates that CHMP2B is directly involved in plasma membrane remodeling. In neurons, CHMP2B concentrates in specific sub-membrane microdomains close to the PSD. Biochemical analysis revealed that CHMP2B and CHMP4B associate with other subunits to form a remarkably stable postsynaptic ESCRT-III complex. Mass-spectrometry indicated that this complex also interacts with postsynaptic scaffolds and proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton remodelling. RNAi depletion of CHMP2B, in cultured neurons, alters stability of dendrite branching and morphology of dendritic spines, and impairs spine head growth, normally associated with LTP. Rescue experiments, with point mutants, indicated that CHMP2B activity in dendrite branching is dependent on its capacity to both bind phospholipids and oligomerization with ESCRT-III. We propose a novel functionality for an ESCRT-III complex containing CHMP2B, in maturation-dependent and plasticity-dependent processes of dendritic spine morphogenesis.

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