År 1970 introducerades normalisering med syfte att organisera data i relationsdatabaser för att undvika redundant data och reducera risker för anomalier. Idag finns indikationer på att en mer nyanserad bild av normalisering behövs då dagens databaser ställs inför nya utmaningar och krav. Det här arbetet utförs i form av en fallstudie där en analys av tre databaser inom olika verksamheter genomförs. Med utgångspunkt i normalformerna genomförs en explorativ analys för att identifiera vilka aspekter som påverkar normalisering i industrin. Slutsatsen av arbetet är att det är svårt för en oberoende part till databasen att avgöra och tolka normalformernas uppfyllnad. Faktorer som påverkar normalisering av databaser är: utvecklarens intuition, användarens påverkan av datakvalitet samt den tekniska skuld som quickfixes orsakar. / Normalization was first introduced in 1970 with the purpose to organize data within relational databases in a way to avoid data redundancy and reduce the number of anomalies. As databases are facing new challenges and requirements, indications have been identified which points to a need for a more detailed view of normalization. This work is the outcome of a case study where three databases are analyzed. With the normal forms as starting point, an explorative analysis is made with the goal to identify different aspects that affects the way normalization is conducted within the industry. The conclusion is that it is difficult for an outsider to the database to interpret and determine whether the normal forms are fulfilled or not. Aspects affecting normalization are: the developer's intuition, users' impact on data quality and the technical debt that quickfixes creates.

The diploma thesis "Social acceptability of smoking and unintended consequences of tobacco control in the Czech Republic" offers an understanding of the question whether the smokers in the Czech Republic are stigmatized in connection with denormalization strategies, whether and how public policies contribute to them and what their unintended negative consequences on the health of citizens in various forms. Research from a semi-structured in- depth interview with smokers revealed that they perceive that smoking is neither normal nor modern. While there was no stigmatization among respondents, as demonstrated abroad, some elements suggesting stigmatization were present. Some smokers feel that they are negatively perceived by the neighborhood, as manifested by their relatives, as well as negative verbal and nonverbal expressions from the wider environment. The negative consequences of stigmatization in respondents to this research, unlike foreign experiences, did not show up in the social and health spheres and did not imply a significant change in cigarette consumption of a given smoker. The influence of public policies on stigmatization of smokers has also not significantly materialized in this research.