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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

IS DENSIFIED BIOMASS FUEL FROM AGRO-FORESTRY WASTE A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY OPTION?

Linnig, William A., III 01 January 2012 (has links)
Raw biomass material is bulky, high in void fraction, and very low in transportation efficiency. Furthermore, biomass dissipates quickly in harsh environments of high heat furnaces because of its relatively low calorific value (BTU/lb) and has grinding or size degradation properties highly dissimilar from commonly-used fossil fuels like coal. Therefore, the development of transformational technologies are necessary to convert raw biomass into high-value and useful products of high hardness and calorific value without requiring excessive process energy. This thesis investigates the sustainability of densified biomass fuels. In addition, a procedure that converts raw biomass from agro/forest industry waste into a fuel source known as semi-carbonized densified biomass (SCDB) is shown to have the necessary performance qualities that are conducive to applications involving the harsh conditions of high heat furnaces. The SCDB is produced at temperatures between 115-230°C and pressures between 8-25 MPa. The raw biomass is transformed into a densified fuel source with maximum compressive strengths between 60-200 MPa and calorific values between 18-23 MJ/kg, which are essential to operating in high heat furnace environments. The procedural steps and equipment used to manufacture this densified fuel source are outlined in detail along with experimental results and discussions of initial testing.
2

Assessment of densified biomass for fuels and chemicals

Sultana, Arifa Unknown Date
No description available.
3

Proposta para normalização de péletes de biomassa florestal produzidos em Santa Catarina para a geração de energia / Proposal for normalization of pellets of forest biomass produced in Santa Catarina for energy generation

Spanhol, Alana 22 July 2015 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:12:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGEF15MA051.pdf: 1474402 bytes, checksum: caefe48730a523187b058411009c1fc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-22 / The pellets produced from forest biomass appear alternatively in obtaining thermal and electrical energy. Biomass compressed manufacturing must meet some standards of quality that are based on standards, however it is known that in Brazil there is no specific standard for the manufacture of that product. In this way, the study sought to determine the quality of the pellets from forest biomass produced in Santa Catarina, based on international standards, aiming at the proposal of criteria for the establishment of a State quality standards for this energy resource. Nine samples were collected in the State, in which they were certain the properties: physical (size, apparent density and density of unit), mechanical (durability and fine content) and energy (moisture content; immediate analysis and calorific value) of pellets. After the completion of the analysis the data were compared with the standards: European (CEN/TS 14961), North American (USA PFI), Italian (CTI-R 04/5), German (DIN 51735), Swedish (SS 187120), Austria (Onörm M7135) and with the international standard ISO 17225-2. From this, a proposal of normalization for the State of Santa Catarina. The average values of the properties were: 6.58 mm diameter; 17,31 mm length; apparent density of 663,46 kg/m³; 1,70 unit density kg/m³; 7,89% moisture content; volatile content of 81,29%; fixed carbon of 18,33%; from 0,38% ash content; 4827 superior calorific value Kcal/kg; durability of 99,07% and percentage of 1,05% fines. The pellets produced in Santa Catarina feature hig The shavings of Pinus spp. is used by all producers of pellet formation of the State, thus, a norm for this energy resource does not require subdivisions depending on the raw material used. The standard should present only categories depending on the final use of the product, which is directed at the service sector and the manufacturing sector. All properties reviewed are important indicators of the quality of the pellets and must appear in the standard. On the information researched and results obtained, it becomes possible to propose a standardization for pellets in Santa Catarina. The quality and meet the requirements laid down by the main international standards / Os péletes produzidos a partir de biomassa florestal surgem como alternativa na obtenção de energia térmica e elétrica. A fabricação dos compactados de biomassa precisa atender alguns padrões de qualidade que são fundamentados por normas, no entanto sabe-se que, no Brasil não existe uma norma específica para a fabricação desse produto. Desta forma, o trabalho buscou determinar a qualidade dos péletes de biomassa florestal produzidos em Santa Catarina, com base em normas internacionais, visando à proposição de critérios para a elaboração de uma normalização estadual de qualidade para este recurso energético. Foram coletadas nove amostras no estado, nas quais foram determinadas as propriedades: físicas (dimensões, densidade aparente e densidade da unidade), mecânicas (durabilidade e teor de finos) e energéticas (teor de umidade; análise imediata e poder calorífico) dos péletes. Após a realização das análises os dados foram comparados com as normas europeia (CEN/TS 14961), norte-americana (EUA PFI), italiana (CTI-R 04/5), alemã (DIN 51735), sueca (SS 187120), austríaca (Onörm M7135) e com a norma internacional ISO 17225-2. A partir disso, foi elaborada uma proposição de normalização para o estado de Santa Catarina. Os valores médios das propriedades foram: diâmetro de 6,58 mm; comprimento de 17,31 mm; densidade aparente de 663,46 kg/m³; densidade da unidade de 1,70 kg/m³; teor de umidade de 7,89 %; teor de materiais voláteis de 81,29 %; carbono fixo de 18,33%; teor de cinzas de 0,38 %; poder calorífico superior de 4827 Kcal/kg; durabilidade de 99,07% e porcentagem de finos de 1,05 %. Os péletes produzidos em Santa Catarina apresentam elevada qualidade e atendem as exigências estabelecidas pelas principais normas internacionais. A maravalha de Pinus spp. é utilizada por todos os produtores de péletes do estado, dessa forma, uma norma para esse recurso energético não requer subdivisões em função da matéria-prima utilizada. É necessário que a norma apresente categorias em função do uso final do produto, que é direcionado ao setor de serviços e setor industrial. Todas as propriedades analisadas são importantes indicadores da qualidade dos péletes e precisam constar na norma. Diante das informações pesquisadas e resultados obtidos, é possível a proposição de uma normalização para péletes em Santa Catarina

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