Thesis (M.S.) --University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at San Antonio, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Dental records have been widely used as tools in forensic identification. With the vast volume of cases that need to be investigated by forensic odontologists, a move towards a computer-aided dental identification system is necessary. We propose a computer-aided framework for efficient matching of dental x-rays for human identification purposes. Given a dental x-ray with a marked region of interest (ROI), we search the database of x-rays (presumed to be taken from known individuals) to retrieve a closest match. In this work we use a slightly extended Weighted Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) cost function to express the degree of similarity/overlap between two dental radiographs. Unlike other iterative Least Squares methods that use local information for gradient-based optimization, our method finds the globally optimal translation. In 90% of the identification trials, our method ranked the correct match in the top 10% using a database of 571 images. Experiments indicate that matching dental records using the extended SSD cost function is a viable method for human dental identification.

Dental records have been widely used as tools in forensic identification. With the vast volume of cases that need to be investigated by forensic odontologists, a move towards a computer-aided dental identification system is necessary. We propose a computer-aided framework for efficient matching of dental x-rays for human identification purposes. Given a dental x-ray with a marked region of interest (ROI), we search the database of x-rays (presumed to be taken from known individuals) to retrieve a closest match. In this work we use a slightly extended Weighted Sum of Squared Differences (SSD) cost function to express the degree of similarity/overlap between two dental radiographs. Unlike other iterative Least Squares methods that use local information for gradient-based optimization, our method finds the globally optimal translation. In 90% of the identification trials, our method ranked the correct match in the top 10% using a database of 571 images. Experiments indicate that matching dental records using the extended SSD cost function is a viable method for human dental identification.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-155).

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T12:16:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 victorsylviosaggioro.pdf: 827982 bytes, checksum: 220854567786f428357cc808968543c7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-26T13:07:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 victorsylviosaggioro.pdf: 827982 bytes, checksum: 220854567786f428357cc808968543c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T13:07:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 victorsylviosaggioro.pdf: 827982 bytes, checksum: 220854567786f428357cc808968543c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-05 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Atualmente, o uso de técnicas para a correta identificação de indivíduos vivos ou mortos faz-se necessária para que este, ou sua família, possa usufruir dos direitos que lhe cabem e, assim, para que se possa buscar justiça nas sociedades a que pertencem. Os direitos mais fundamentais foram negados a um grupo significativos de pessoas durante os anos do regime de exceção vividos em nosso país. A negação, sobretudo, de conhecer as verdades dos fatos alcançou as famílias que não puderam enterrar ou desconhecem o paradeiro de seus entes presos e desaparecidos políticos da ditadura militar brasileira. Neste contexto que a antropologia forense figura como importante ferramenta para identificar restos mortais humanos. A dissertação buscou, a partir de pesquisa exploratória realizar um levantamento sobre a forma praticada pela pelos agentes da ditadura para desaparecer com as evidências dos crimes cometidos, mormente os corpos, e a aplicação da antropologia forense na identificação atual destes corpos exumados de valas comuns e covas clandestinas. Relata as dificuldades encontradas pela antropologia forense brasileira e a experiência do grupo argentino de antropólogos forenses. Por fim, reitera a importância da identificação dos mortos para trazer alentos às famílias e permitir eventual responsabilização do Estado. / Nowadays, the use of techniques for the identification of alive or dead is needed for this, or your family can enjoy the rights that fit you and thus, so that they can seek justice in the societies to which they belong. The most fundamental rights were denied to a significant group of people during the years of authoritarian regime lived in our country. Denial, above all, know the truths of the events reached the families who were unable to bury or unaware of the whereabouts of their loved political prisoners and missing the Brazilian military dictatorship. In this context that the forensic anthropology appears as an important tool to identify the human remains. The dissertation sought, from exploratory research to survey the form practiced by the dictatorship of agents to disappear with the evidence of the crimes committed, especially the bodies and the application of forensic anthropology in the current identification of these bodies exhumed from mass graves and clandestine graves. Recounts the difficulties encountered by Brazilian forensic anthropology and experience of the Argentine group of forensic anthropologists. Finally, it reiterates the importance of identifying the dead to bring breaths families and allow potential liability of the state.