Patienter kommer till akutmottagningar med stora variationer av sjukdomar, skador, ålder och psykologiska tillstånd. Arbetet på akutmottagningen är ofta mer inriktat på de medicinska aspekterna av omvårdnad. Det är patientens upplevelser av omvårdnaden som fungerar som en bedömning av hur bra omvårdnaden utförs. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva patientens upplevelser av omvårdnaden på akutmottagningen. Den metod som använts är en litteraturöversikt av tolv artiklar med kvalitativ eller kvantitativ metod. Studien resulterade i tre huvudkategorier som patienterna upplevde som omvårdnad. Huvudkategorierna var: Kommunikation mellan vårdgivare och vårdtagare, sjuksköterskans professionalism och vårdmiljön. Resultatet visar även att patienter har olika behov av omvårdnad, beroende på hur sjuka eller skadade de är. Det är dock viktigt att utgå från varje patients livsvärld för att kunna erbjuda en personligt anpassad omvårdnad vilket skapar en trygghet för patienten. Studien visar även att det i framtida studier finns ett behov av att klargöra hur patienters upplevelser av omvårdnaden på akutmottagningen relateras till hur skadade och sjuka patienterna är. / Patients arrive at emergency departments with large variations of diseases, injuries, age and psychological states. The work at the emergency department is often more focused on the medical aspects of nursing care. It is the patient´s experiences of the care that act as an estimation for how well the care is performed. The aim of this study is to investigate the patient’s experiences of care at the emergency department. The method used is a literature review of twelve articles which have a qualitative or quantitative approach. The study resulted in three major categories that patients experienced as caring. The categories were: communication between caregiver and caretaker, the nurse´s professionalism and the care environment. The results of this literature review also showed that patients have different needs of care depending on how sick or hurt they are. It is however important to build on each patient's life world to offer a personalized care which creates a sense of security for the patient. The study also shows that future studies needs to clarify how patients' experiences of care in emergency departments are related to the injured and sick patients are.

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and is crucial for processes such as learning and memory. Due its importance as a signaling molecule, the extracellular glutamate concentration is tightly regulated, largely by the excitatory amino-acid transporters (EAATs). In these studies, we investigated the role of EAAT1-3 in synaptic transmission at the Schaffer-CA1 synapse in acute hippocampal brain slices. My results demonstrated that transport block by L-TBA resulted in glutamate spillover and activation of NMDARs. Further investigation showed that L-TBA-mediated activation of NMDARs was facilitated by the Mg2+ unblock of the receptor. Furthermore our data indicate that NMDAR signaling was controlled by the interplay between several factors, including synaptic frequency, glutamate transport, Mg2+ block, and NMDAR channel kinetics. We propose that the observed theta frequency threshold for enhanced NMDAR signaling observed in physiological conditions is a consequence of a phase shifted signal at rhythms limited by NMDAR channel kinetics. We also found that dense fiber recruitment created conditions of spillover and glutamate pooling and therefore resulted in an increase in AMPAR desensitization at the hippocampal Schaffer-CA1 synapse. Overall my studies focused on the effects of glutamate spillover onto both NMDA and AMPA receptors at the Schaffer-CA1 synapse in hippocampal slice.

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If companies want to stand out in the competitive market environment to raise customer awareness, they must understand customers¡¦ requirements, interests, and behaviors. In the past, a company gets customers¡¦ information to support decision making by doing market survey or analyzing historical transaction data. Some researches have showed that if a company can integrate market survey and transaction data analysis, the company can get a more comprehensive and complete information about customers. Although previous researches have indicated that it is very useful for a company to make good decisions by integrating market survey and transaction data analysis, there is still little research addressing this issue in education. The study aimed to explore the relationship between information analyzed from historical transaction data and from market survey for higher education. Our research scope focuses on the PhD programs of management schools. The result shows that student performance is strongly related to department reputation. Some suggestions for departments that want to improve their reputation as follows: improving the number of research grants gained from the National Science Council, increasing the number of graduate PhD students as supervisors and increasing the number of published papers and thesis under their supervision, expanding the number of graduate PhD students applying for National Science Council grants, and promoting the percentage of graduate PhD students teaching in public universities. It is evident that education stakeholders can combine market survey and historical data analysis to get more complete information for decision making Finally, this research would also bring up some practical suggestions and promote future research.

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In recent years, due to the improvement of living standard and the increase of national income, the market size of department stores has been expanding constantly .In addition to the greater number of development cases, there are many new department stores and shopping malls being built in succession. These situations make department stores confront with gradually increasing challenges. In such competitive environment, these department stores have become so called¡¨ the stronger gets stronger and the weaker gets weaker¡¨. In Taiwan, seventy percent of the total sales in department stores are nearly taken by several groups of department stores, and single business running has become considerably difficult. However, it can be found that HANSHIN DEPARTMENT STORE accounted for almost 37 percent of market sales which was in Kaohsiung in 2005 .Even HANSHIN DEPARTMENT STORE¡¦ s sales got nearly three times as much as that of the second place in Kaohsiung. Although HANSHIN DEPARTMENT STORE lacks abundant resources of chain stores, it can successfully take the sales top of department stores in Kaohsiung .In this case, its business model is worth exploring. Therefore, the object of this research is HANSHIN DEPARTMENT STORE. The purpose of this research is trying to find out the key success factors of how to manage department stores by reviewing relevant literature and making interviews. I hoped that these research results will be useful for department stores to improve development in the future.

<p>Patienter kommer till akutmottagningar med stora variationer av sjukdomar, skador, ålder och psykologiska tillstånd. Arbetet på akutmottagningen är ofta mer inriktat på de medicinska aspekterna av omvårdnad. Det är patientens upplevelser av omvårdnaden som fungerar som en bedömning av hur bra omvårdnaden utförs. Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva patientens upplevelser av omvårdnaden på akutmottagningen. Den metod som använts är en litteraturöversikt av tolv artiklar med kvalitativ eller kvantitativ metod. Studien resulterade i tre huvudkategorier som patienterna upplevde som omvårdnad. Huvudkategorierna var: Kommunikation mellan vårdgivare och vårdtagare, sjuksköterskans professionalism och vårdmiljön. Resultatet visar även att patienter har olika behov av omvårdnad, beroende på hur sjuka eller skadade de är. Det är dock viktigt att utgå från varje patients livsvärld för att kunna erbjuda en personligt anpassad omvårdnad vilket skapar en trygghet för patienten. Studien visar även att det i framtida studier finns ett behov av att klargöra hur patienters upplevelser av omvårdnaden på akutmottagningen relateras till hur skadade och sjuka patienterna är.</p> / <p>Patients arrive at emergency departments with large variations of diseases, injuries, age and psychological states. The work at the emergency department is often more focused on the medical aspects of nursing care. It is the patient´s experiences of the care that act as an estimation for how well the care is performed. The aim of this study is to investigate the patient’s experiences of care at the emergency department. The method used is a literature review of twelve articles which have a qualitative or quantitative approach. The study resulted in three major categories that patients experienced as caring. The categories were: communication between caregiver and caretaker, the nurse´s professionalism and the care environment. The results of this literature review also showed that patients have different needs of care depending on how sick or hurt they are. It is however important to build on each patient's life world to offer a personalized care which creates a sense of security for the patient. The study also shows that future studies needs to clarify how patients' experiences of care in emergency departments are related to the injured and sick patients are.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-125). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 172-177). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Abstract The exclusion of Africans, women and the disabled from employment and active participation in the economy, has until recent years been a defining characteristic of the South African private and public sectors. As far back as the founding of the Union of South Africa in 1910, laws were passed to improve the lot of the White minority at the expense of other population groups. Blacks, women and the disabled were considered second class citizens not deserving equal and fair treatment in employment or any other vital aspect of life. The post-1994 democratically elected government inherited the negative legacy of apartheid and thus found itself responsible for correcting the many societal injustices and imbalances of the past. This article investigates the progress made by the post-apartheid government, if any, in promulgating and implementing policies to address the imbalances of the past. More specifically, the focus of the article is on assessing the effectiveness with which the Employment Equity Act, 1998 (no. 55 of 1998) is being implemented in the public service. The study demonstrates that progress has been made in employing Blacks and women, but not in employing the disabled. Possible causes and remedies to address the poor representation of disabled persons in the public service were also addressed. The former National Department of Agriculture is used as a practical case study to add empirical evidence in support of literature survey and anecdotal data.