Coastal communities are dependent on marine resources which provide their households with food and income. Fishing communities are considered the poorest of the poor and face many challenges that render them vulnerable. Climate change further exacerbates these challenges making fishing communities amongst the most vulnerable groups to coastalrelated risks including sea-level rise and extreme weather events. Often, these fishing communities are neglected and excluded from policies and decisions concerning coastal and fisheries management as well as climate change adaptation. Management is often fragmented across institutions that are mandated to govern coastal resources and coastal areas. The study uses Buffeljagsbaai as a case study lens to understand the nature of coastal risks faced by marginalized coastal communities on the south west coast of the Western Cape Province in South Africa. It investigates how coastal risks related to climatic, social and economic factors affect livelihoods and examines the roles of various institutions in responding to, engaging with, and supporting the Buffeljagsbaai community as they confront coastal risks. Qualitative data collection methods were used to address the objectives of this study and included semi-structured interviews with community members and officials in relevant government institutions, as well as facilitated a community focus group discussions and participant observation. The analysis revealed coastal- related risks have a major impact on the livelihoods of coastal communities. However, over time, the community has diversified their livelihoods in order to adapt to these risks. Findings reveal that women in the case study site have developed more diverse livelihoods making them more resilient to climate change than the fishermen, who are largely dependent on fishing and are consequently more vulnerable to coastal- related risks. In addition, the community has not been given access to coastal resources and where permits have been issued, these have many restrictions. As a result, the community has resorted to “poaching” to provide food and an income for their households. The government institutions that are responsible for various aspects of resource management, disaster risk reduction, poverty alleviation and socio-economic development, are largely absent in the community. The lack of government presence in and support to this community, also referred to as limited statehood, has led to distrust and the reliance on non-governmental organisations and other stakeholders to fill this gap.

Hundreds of Canadians die each year while awaiting a vital organ transplant. Consistent with several countries in the world, the demand for organs for transplantation outweighs the supply. In Canada, citizens must actively register to enlist themselves as organ donors after death occurs. The aim of this thesis was to examine and evaluate the acceptability of an emergency department-based organ donation registration strategy. Secondarily, we identified the proportion of emergency physicians, nurses and clerks who are personally registered as organ donors. We conducted three self-administered surveys as well as an a priori sub-study to evaluate the effect of a prenotification letter on postal surveys of physicians. We discovered that key stakeholders in emergency departments are engaged in organ donation and feel that the emergency department is an acceptable place to promote organ donation registration. In addition, we identified several barriers to such a potential intervention which largely revolve around time and resource limitations.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate demographic variables and doctoral coursework of music department chairs from NASM-accredited programs and compare these to administrative preparation. The researcher used a questionnaire that assessed administrative preparation on a Likert scale from Very Unprepared to Very Prepared. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. The participants were 408 music department chairs who held at least one doctoral degree and who served in U. S. colleges and universities with NASM-accredited departments. The average administrator was a male "department chair," aged 51, who had not planned on becoming an administrator. He had been in his present position between one and five years and had been selected because of his administrative skills; he had participated in at least one administrative development workshop. The majority had a Doctor of Musical Arts (DMA) degree that did not include administrative coursework. The majority stated that there were no classes during their doctoral studies that were beneficial in preparing them for music administration, although most listed at least one course that would have been beneficial and felt that administrative skills should be the most important criterion in selecting a music administrator. Other experiences that helped prepare them for music administration included teaching and ensemble directing. Most administrators indicated a moderate degree of administrative preparation from doctoral coursework, although many scored in the lower range for administrative preparation. Very few indicated a high degree of administrative preparation. The gender and age of the participants did not appear significantly related to the chairs' administrative preparation. The type of doctoral degree, however, was related to administrative preparation for many of the categories. The doctoral emphasis and doctoral degree dates were also significant for some of the variables. The factors chairs considered most important in their administrative preparation were whether the participants took administration courses or planned on being administrators during their doctoral studies. One of the main recommendations of this study was that music doctoral students should include some administrative courses in their curriculum in the probable event they should later become department chairs in higher education. Future study recommendations include designing a curriculum for music administrators and exploring the relationship between effective administrative performance and types of administrative preparation.