Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioEMR_Capa_ate_Cap3.pdf: 2956379 bytes, checksum: e1a356dd8141f0ac9ce3d477be9710dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / This study has as a main objective to make a detailed stratigraphic analysis of the Aptian-Albian interval in the east part of Araripe Basin, NE of Brazil which correspond, litostratigraphically, to Rio Da Batateira, Crato, Ipubi and Romualdo formations. The stratigraphic analysis was based on three different stages, the 1D, 2D and 3D analysis; these ones were adapted to the sequence stratigraphy concepts in order to create a chronostratigraphic framework for the study area within the basin. The database used in the present study contains field and well information, wells that belong to Santana Project, carried out by the Minist?rio de Minas e Energia- DNPM- CPRM from 1977 to 1978. The analysis 1D, which was done separately for each well and outcrop allowed the recognition of 13 sedimentary facies, mainly divided based on predominant litologies and sedimentary structures. Such facies are lithologically represented by pebble, sandstones, claystones, margas and evaporates; these facies are associated in order to characterize different depositional systems, that integrate from the continental environment (fluvial system and lacustre), paralic system (delta system and lagunar) to the marine environment (shelfenvironment). The first one, the fluvial system was divided into two subtypes: meandering fluvial system, characterized by fill channel and floodplain deposits; the facies of this system are associated vertically according to the textural thinning upward cycles (dirting-up trend pattern in well logs). Lacustrine environment is mainly related with the lithotypes of the Crato Formation, it shows a good distribution within the basin, been composed by green claystone deposits and calcareous laminated. Deltaic System represented by prodelta and delta front deposits which coarsening upward tendency. Lagunar system is characterised by the presence of anhydrite and gypsum deposits besides the black claystone deposits with vegetal fragments which do not contain a fauna typically marine. The marine platform system is composed by successions of black and gray claystone with fossiliferous fauna of Dinoflagellates (Spiniferites Mantell, Subtilisphaera Jain e Subtilisphaera Millipied genre) typical of this kind of depositional system. The sedimentary facies described are vertically arranged in cycles with progradational patterns which form textural coersening upward cycles and retrogradational, represented by textural thinning dowward cycles. Based in these cycles, in their stack pattern and the vertical change between these patterns, the systems tracks and the depositional sequences were recognized. The Low System Track (LST) and High System Track (HST) are composed by cycles with progradational stack pattern, whereas the Trangessive System Track (TST) is composed by retrogradational stack pattern cycles. The 2D stratigraphic analysis was done through the carrying out of two stratigraphic sections. For the selection of the datum the deepest maximum flooding surface was chosen, inside the Sequence 1, the execution of these sections allowed to understand the behaviour of six depositional systems along the study area, which were interpreted as cycles of second order or supercycles (cycles between 3 and 10 Ma), according to the Vail, et al (1977) classification. The Sequence 1, the oldest of the six identified is composed by the low, transgressive and high systems tracks. The first two system tracks are formed exclusively by fluvial deposits of the Rio da Batateira Formation whereas the third one includes deltaic and lacustrine deposits of the Crato Formation. The sequences 2 and 3 are formed by the transgressive systems tracks (lake spreading phase) and the highstand system track (lake backward phase). The TST of these sequences are formed by lacustrine deposits whereas HST contains deltaic deposits, indicating high rates of sedimentary supply at the time of it s deposition. The sequence 4 is composed by LST, TST and HST, The TST4 shows a significant fall of the lake base level, this track was developed in conditions of low relation between the creation rate of space of accommodation and the sedimentary influx. The TST4 marks the third phase of expansion of the lacustrine system in the section after the basin?s rift, the lacustrine system established in the previous track starts a backward phase in conditions that the sedimentary supply rate exceeds the creation rate of space accommodation. The sequence 5 was developed in two different phases, the first one is related with the latest expansion stage of the lake, (TST5), the basal track of this sequence. In this phase the base level of the lake rose considerably. The second phase (related to the TST5) indicates the end of the lacustrine domain in the Araripe Basin and the change to lagunar system ant tidal flat, with great portions in the supratidal. These systems were formed by restricted lagoons, with shallow level of water and with intermittent connections with the sea. This, was the phase when the Araripe Basin recorded the most several arid conditions of the whole interval studied, Aptian Albian, conditions that allow the formation of evaporitic deposits. The sequence 6 began its deposition after a significant fall of the sea (LST6). The sequence 6 is without any doubtlessly, the sequence that has deposits that prove the effective entrance of the sea into the Araripe Basin. The TST6, end of this sequence, represents the moment which the sea reaches its maximum level during the Aptian Albian time. The stratigraphic analysis of the Aptian Albian interval made possible the understanding that the main control in the development of the depositional sequences recognized in the Araripe Basin were the variations of the local base level, which are controlled itself by the climate changes / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal realizar uma an?lise estratigr?fica detalhada do intervalo Aptiano ao Albiano na parte leste da Bacia do Araripe, NE do Brasil, o qual corresponde, litoestratigraficamente, ?s forma??es Rio da Batateira, Crato, Ipub? e Romualdo. A an?lise estratigr?fica envolveu tr?s etapas distintas, a an?lise 1D, 2D e 3D, nas quais foram adaptados os conceitos da estratigrafia de seq??ncias visando elaborar um arcabou?o de car?ter cronoestratigr?fico para a por??o estudada da bacia. Tal estudo contou com uma base de dados integrada por informa??o de campo e de po?os pertencentes ao projeto Santana, realizado pelo Minist?rio de Minas e Energia- DNPM- CPRM nos anos de 1977 e 1978. A an?lise 1D, por meio da an?lise individual de cada afloramento e po?o, permitiu o reconhecimento de 13 f?cies sedimentares, individualizadas com base principalmente nas litologias predominantes e nas estruturas sedimentares. Tais f?cies s?o representadas litologicamente por conglomerados, arenitos, pelitos, calc?rios, margas e evaporitos. As mesmas se associam de forma a caracterizar diferentes sistemas deposicionais, que integram desde o ambiente continental (sistemas fluvial e lacustre), ambiente par?lico (sistemas deltaico e lagunar) at? o ambiente marinho (sistema plataformal). O primeiro deles, o sistema fluvial, foi dividido em dois sub-tipos: o sistema fluvial meandrante, caracterizado por dep?sitos de preenchimento de canal e dep?sitos de plan?cie de inunda??o, e o sistema fluvial entrela?ado formado principalmente por dep?sitos de preenchimento de canal; as f?cies deste sistema se associam verticalmente segundo ciclos de afinamento textural para o topo (padr?o em sino nos perfis geof?sicos). O sistema lacustre, relacionado principalmente aos lit?tipos da Forma??o Crato, apresenta uma boa distribui??o na bacia, sendo composto por dep?sitos de pelitos verdes e calc?rios laminados. O sistema deltaico, representado por dep?sitos de prodelta e de frente deltaica, os quais se disp?em verticalmente em ciclos com granocresc?ncia para o topo (padr?o em sino invertido nos perfis geof?sicos). O sistema lagunar caracteriza-se pela presen?a de dep?sitos de anidrita e gipsita, al?m dos dep?sitos de pelitos negros com restos vegetais, os quais n?o cont?m uma fauna tipicamente marinha. O sistema de plataforma marinha ? composto por sucess?es de pelitos pretos e cinza com faunas fossiliferas de Dinoflagelados (g?neros Spiniferites Mantell, Subtilisphaera Jain e Subtilisphaera Millipied), t?picas de este tipo de sistema deposicional. As f?cies sedimentares descritas se arranjam verticalmente de forma a compor ciclos com padr?es de empilhamento progradacional, os quais formam ciclos com engrossamento textural para o topo, e retrogradacional, representados por ciclos com afinamento textural para o topo. Com base nestes ciclos, em seus padr?es de empilhamento e na mudan?a verticais entre estes padr?es, foram reconhecidos os tratos de sistemas e as seq??ncias deposicionais. Os tratos de sistemas de N?vel Baixo e o de N?vel Alto s?o compostos por ciclos com padr?o de empilhamento progradacional; o Trato de Sistemas Transgressivo, por sua vez, ? formado por ciclos com padr?o de empilhamento retrogradacional. A an?lise estratigr?fica 2D foi elaborada por meio da realiza??o de duas se??es estratigr?ficas. Para a escolha do datum foi privilegiada a superf?cie de m?xima inunda??o mais basal, interna ? Seq??ncia 1. A elabora??o destas se??es possibilitou compreender o comportamento de seis seq??ncias deposicionais ao longo da ?rea de estudo, as quais foram interpretadas como ciclos de segunda ordem ou superciclos (ciclos com dura??es entre 3 e 10 Ma), segundo a classifica??o de Vail, et al (1977). A Seq??ncia 1, mais antiga das seis seq??ncias identificadas, ? composta pelos tratos de sistemas de N?vel Baixo, Transgressivo e de N?vel Alto. Os dois primeiros tratos s?o formados exclusivamente pelos dep?sitos fluviais da Forma??o Rio da Batateira, ao passo que o terceiro inclui dep?sitos deltaicos e lacustres da Forma??o Crato. As seq??ncias 2 e 3 s?o formadas pelos tratos de sistemas Transgressivo (TST; fase de expans?o do lago) e de N?vel Alto (TSNA; fase retra??o do lago). Os TST s destas seq??ncias s?o formados por dep?sitos lacustres, ao passo que os TSNA s cont?m dep?sitos deltaicos, indicando assim condi??es de alta taxa de suprimento sedimentar na ?poca da deposi??o deste. A seq??ncia 4 ? formada pelos tratos de sistemas de N?vel Baixo (TSNA), Transgressivo e de N?vel Alto. O TSNB registra uma queda importante do n?vel base do lago; este trato se desenvolveu em condi??es de baixa raz?o entre a taxa de cria??o de espa?o de acomoda??o e a taxa de influxo sedimentar. O TST marca a terceira fase de expans?o do sistema lacustre na se??o p?s rifte da bacia; o sistema lacustre implantado no trato anterior inicia uma fase de retra??o em condi??es em que a taxa de aporte sedimentar passa a suplantar a de cria??o de espa?o de acomoda??o. A seq??ncia 5 desenvolveu-se em duas fases distintas. A primeira relaciona-se com a ?ltima etapa de expans?o do lago, (TST), trato basal desta seq??ncia. Nesta fase, o n?vel base do lago subiu consideravelmente. A segunda fase, relacionada ao TSNA), indica o final do dom?nio lacustre na Bacia do Araripe e a mudan?a para sistemas lagunares e de plan?cie de mar?, com grande desenvolvimento das por??es de supramar?. Estes sistemas eram formados por lagunas restritas, com l?mina de ?gua rasa, e com conex?o intermitente com o mar. Esta foi a fase em que a Bacia do Araripe registrou as mais severas condi??es de aridez de todo intervalo estudado, Aptiano ao Albiano, condi??es estas que propiciaram a forma??o de dep?sitos evapor?ticos. A seq??ncia 6 iniciou sua deposi??o ap?s uma queda significativa do incipiente mar (TSNB). Esta seq??ncia ?, indubitavelmente, a que cont?m os dep?sitos que comprovam a efetiva entrada do mar na Bacia do Araripe. O TST, trato final desta seq??ncia, representa o momento em que o n?vel do mar atingiu o seu m?ximo durante todo o intervalo Aptiano ao Albiano. A an?lise estratigr?fica do intervalo Aptiano ao Albiano permitiu compreender que o controle principal no desenvolvimento das seq??ncias deposicionais reconhecidas na Bacia do Araripe foram ?s varia??es do n?vel de base local, as quais s?o controladas, por sua vez, pelas mudan?as clim?ticas

No description available.

The Black Prince Limestone of southeastern Arizona has been assigned to the Morrowan on the basis of several long-ranging fossils. Since these were not especially diagnostic, the exact time represented by the Black Prince within the Morrowan was uncertain. To date the Black Prince more precisely, six sections were systematically sampled for conodonts. The condonts found, especially Neognathodus bassleri, Rachistognathus muricatus, Idiognathoides convexus, and Spathoqnathodus coloradoensis, indicate a middle Morrowan to early Derryan age for the Black Prince in the study area. Four conodont zones can be recognized: the Neognathodus bassleri Zone, the Idiognathodus sinuosis.- Streptognathodus anteeccentricus Zone , the Idiognathoides convexus Zone, and the Spathognathodus coloradoensis-Neognathodus columbiensis Zone. These zones compare favorably with the zonation previously established in the type Morrowan. This biostratigraphic evidence suggests that the hiatus between the Black Prince and Horquilla Limestones increases in magnitude from southeastern to south-central Arizona. The Black Prince represents a sequence of tidal flat and shallow subtidal carbonate deposits. Mudstones and sparsely fossiliferous wackestones with low fossil diversity and abundance characterize the tidal-flat facies. Grainstones, packstones, and fossiliferous wackestones with high fossil diversity and abundance characterize the shallow subtidal facies.

Uma série de pesquisas realizadas em depósitos de sistemas fluviais, desenvolvidos anterior e concomitantemente à colonização dos continentes por vegetação, são aqui apresentadas com o intuito de investigar as principais características deposicionais destes sistemas, particularmente suas assembléias de fácies e elementos arquitetônicos preservados. Esta pesquisa busca, desta maneira, propor modelos deposicionais para sucessões fluviais pré-vegetação e contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento sobre as mudanças seculares em padrões de sedimentação, principalmente em relação à evolução dos rios através do tempo geológico. Estudos sedimentológicos foram realizados em depósitos fluviais da Formação Applecross do Grupo Torridon (Toniano, Escócia), Formação Guarda Velha do Grupo Guaritas (Cambriano, Brasil) e no Old Red Sandstone do Midland Valley (Siluriano-Carbonífero, Escócia). Foram empregadas análises de associações de fácies e arquitetura deposicional por meio de estudos de alto detalhe em afloramentos, combinadas a análises de paleocorrentes, de proveniência, e de estruturas de deformação sinsedimentar. Depósitos de canais fluviais meandrantes pré-vegetação com espessos depósitos de planícies de inundação ricos em sedimentos de granulação fina são pela primeira vez descritos em detalhe nos estudos aqui apresentados sobre depósitos da Formação Applecross. Diversas estruturas de deformação sinsedimentar encontradas na unidade acima referida são analisadas, revelando que seus estilos podem ser relacionados a diferentes regiões de uma planície fluvial. Nos depósitos da Formação Guarda Velha, é registrada a inter-relação entre dois sistemas fluviais coevos, cuja arquitetura deposicional contrastante resultou da diferente localização destes sistemas em relação à estrutura da bacia, assim como de diferentes áreas de captação. São relatados os efeitos de distintos controles deposicionais, como ambiente tectônico e regimes hidráulicos, sobre a arquitetura deposicional preservada em sistemas fluviais pré-vegetação. Esses dados demonstram que o estilo entrelaçado-em-lençol, apontado como o estilo pré-vegetação predominante, engloba na verdade uma variedade de diferentes estilos fluviais. Estudos em depósitos do Siluriano ao Carbonífero do Old Red Sandstone revelam o crescente impacto da vegetação sobre depósitos fluviais, particularmente o aumento exponencial de formação de paleosolos, além de mostrar semelhanças entre alguns destes sistemas com os sistemas pré-silurianos. A integração desses estudos revela que sistemas fluviais pré-vegetação são relativamente mais complexos do que previsto pelos modelos atualmente disponíveis. Importantemente, sugere que a escassez de sedimentos de granulção fina, preservados em depósitos fluviais pré-silurianos, está mais relacionada à baixa competência destes sistemas em preservar tais sedimentos do que à sua suposta ausência em ambientes pré-vegetação. Foi também desenvolvida uma metodologia específica para o uso de estruturas de deformação em sedimentos inconsolidados como ferramentas na reconstrução de paleoambientes, através das relações entre diferentes estilos deformacionais e ambientes deposicionais, possibilitando a indicação de regimes hidráulicos em depósitos fluviais e a informação indireta de taxas de atividades tectônicas em bacias. A integração de dados de sedimentologia com estudos específicos de deformação sinsedimentar é uma ferramenta útil na reconstrução paleoambiental de sistemas fluviais. / A series of studies were undertaken on fluvial systems deposits which developed prior to land-plant colonization, in order to investigate the main depositional characteristics of those systems, particularly their main facies assemblages and preserved depositional architecture. Main objectives are the proposal of depositional models for pre-vegetation fluvial systems, and the understanding of main secular changes in sedimentation processes and its influence on the evolution of rivers through geological times. Sedimentologic studies were undertaken in fluvial deposits from the Applecoss Formation of the Torridon Group (Tonian, NW Scotland), the Guarda Velha Formation (Cambrian, southern Brazil), and the Old Red Sandstone in the Midland Valley (Silurian-Carboniferous, NE Scotland). Highly-detailed sedimentary facies and depositional architecture analyses in outcrop scale were integrated with palaeocurrent and provenance studies, and soft-sediment deformation analysis. Pre-vegetation meandering channel deposits with relatively thick, fine-grained floodplain deposits from the Applecross Formation and here described for the first time. Analyses on sinsedimentary deformation structures preserved in the Applecross Formation reveal different styles which can be related to different parts of the fluvial plain. Studies on the Guarda Velha Formation revealed the inter-relationship between two coeval fluvial systems with markedly contrasting preserved depositional architecture, which developed as a result of the different location of the systems in relation to basin structure and different caption areas. The effects of different depositional controls on preserved pre-vegetation fluvial system architecture, such as tectonic environment and hydraulic regime, are recorded and interpreted. The present data demonstrate that the sheet-braided style, which is regarded as the prevailing fluvial style before the Silurian, in fact encompasses a varied number of different pre-vegetation fluvial styles. Studies on the Silurian to Early Carboniferous Old Red Sandstones in the Midland Valley of Scotland reveal the progressive impact of land plants on fluvial sedimentation, particularly the exponential increasing rates of soil production. Integration of the here presented data reveal that pre-vegetation fluvial styles. Studies on the Silurian to Early Carboniferous Old Red Sandstone in the Midland Valley of Scotland reveal the progressive impact of land plants on fluvial sedimentation, particularly the exponential increasing rates of soil production. Integration of the here presented data reveal that pre-vegetation fluvial systems are relatively more complex than previously described in the literature. Importantly, it suggests that the paucity of fine-grained sediments in pre-Silurian fluvial deposits is most likely related to various preservation issues than to the lack of such sediments. A particular methodology for the use of soft-sediment deformation structures as palaeoenvironmental tool was developed, allowing the interpretation of hydraulic regimes in fluvial deposits, indication of the basin\'s tectonic activity, and the relationship between different deformation styles and distinct depositional environments. The combined analyses of soft-sediment deformation structures and sedimentologic data is a powerful tool with which fluvial systems palaeoenvironmental can be reconstructed.

In South Central Cut Bank Sand Unit (SCCBSU) of Cut Bank field, primary production and waterflood projects have resulted in recovery of only 29 % of the original oil in place from heterogeneous, fluvial sandstone deposits. Using highresolution sequence stratigraphy and geostatistical analysis, I developed a geologic model that may improve the ultimate recovery of oil from this field. In this study, I assessed sequence stratigraphic concepts for continental settings and extended the techniques to analyze low-accommodation alluvial systems of the Cut Bank and Sunburst members of the lower Kootenai formation (Cretaceous) in Cut Bank field. Identification and delineation of five sequences and their bounding surfaces led to a better understanding of the reservoir distribution and variability. Recognition of stacking patterns allowed for the prediction of reservoir rock quality. Within each systems tract, the best quality reservoir rocks are strongly concentrated in the lowstand systems tract. Erosional events associated with falling baselevel resulted in stacked, communicated (multistory) reservoirs. The lowermost Cut Bank sandstone has the highest reservoir quality and is a braided stream parasequence. Average net-to-gross ratio value (0.6) is greater than in other reservoir intervals. Little additional stratigraphically untapped oil is expected in the lowermost Cut Bank sandstone. Over most of the SCCBSU, the Sunburst and the upper Cut Bank strata are valley-fill complexes with interfluves that may laterally compartmentalize reservoir sands. Basal Sunburst sand (Sunburst 1, average net-to-gross ratio ~0.3) has better reservoir quality than other Sunburst or upper Cut Bank sands, but its reservoir quality is significantly less than that of lower Cut Bank sand. Geostatistical analysis provided equiprobable representations of the heterogeneity of reservoirs. Simulated reservoir geometries resulted in an improved description of reservoir distribution and connectivity, as well as occurrences of flow barriers. The models resulting from this study can be used to improve reservoir management and well placement and to predict reservoir performance in Cut Bank field. The technical approaches and tools from this study can be used to improve descriptions of other oil and gas reservoirs in similar depositional systems.

For decades the Upper Cretaceous Lower Tuscaloosa Formation of the U.S. Gulf Coast has been considered an onshore hydrocarbon play with no equivalent offshore deposits. A better understanding of the Lower Tuscaloosa sequence stratigraphic and paleogeographic framework, source-to-sink depositional environments, magnitude of fluvial systems, regional trends in reservoir quality, and structural influences on its deposition along with newly acquired data from offshore wells has changed this decades-long paradigm of the Lower Tuscaloosa as simply an onshore play. The mid-Cenomanian unconformity, underlying the Lower Tuscaloosa, formed an extensive regional network of incised valleys. This incision and accompanying low accommodation allowed for sediment bypass and deposition of over 330 m thick gravity-driven sand-rich deposits over 400 km from their equivalent shelf edge. Subsequently a transgressive systems tract comprised of four fluvial sequences in the Lower Tuscaloosa Massive sand and an overlying estuarine sequence (Stringer sand) filled the incised valleys. Both wave- and tide-dominated deltaic facies of the Lower Tuscaloosa are located at the mouths of incised valleys proximal to the shelf edge. Deltaic and estuarine depositional environments were interpreted from impoverished trace fossil suites of the Cruziana Ichnofacies and detailed sedimentological observations. The location and trend of valleys are controlled by basement structures. Lower Tuscaloosa rivers were 3.8m – 7.8m deep and 145m – 721m wide comparable to the Siwalik Group outcrop and the modern Missouri River. These systems were capable of transporting large amounts of sediment indicating the Lower Tuscaloosa was capable of transporting large amounts of sediments to the shelf edge for resedimentation into the deep offshore. Anomalously high porosity (>25%) and permeability (>1200md) in the Lower Tuscaloosa at stratigraphic depths below 20,000 ft. are influenced by chlorite coating the detrital grains. Chlorite coatings block quartz nucleation sites inhibiting quartz cementation. Chlorite coats in the Lower Tuscaloosa are controlled by the presence and abundance of volcanic rock fragments supplying the ions needed for the formation of chlorite. Chlorite decrease to the east in sediments derived from the Appalachian Mountains. An increase in chlorite in westward samples correlates with an increase of volcanic rock fragments derived from the Ouachita Mountains. / text

O estudo de arenitos, calcarenitos e arenitos híbridos do Cretáceo Inferior (Neo-Aptiano ao Meso-Albiano) da Bacia de Jequitinhonha, margem leste Brasileira, compreendendo depósitos continentais fluvio-deltaicos a lacustres da fase rifte, e fluvio-deltaicos costeiros e de plataforma mista siliciclástico-carbonática da fase transicional a drifte, demonstra que a distribuição das alterações diagenéticas e correspondente evolução da qualidade de reservatório podem ser preditas dentro de um contexto de estratigrafia de seqüências. Dados de poços (descrições de testemunhos e perfis elétricos), descrição petrográfica de laminas delgadas, e análises petrofísicas de porosidade e permeabilidade, foram integrados de modo a identificar e avaliar os aspectos genéticos dos parâmetros que controlam os padrões diagenéticos, e, por conseguinte, a qualidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. Os resultados desse estudo são relevantes para a exploração de bacias de margem passiva do tipo Atlântico. Foi demonstrada a influëncia de fatores deposicionais (i.e fácies sedimentares) e composição detrítica original (i.e. proveniência) na evolução diagenética, permitindo estimar e predizer a distribuição da qualidade e heterogeneidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. A integração dos dados e posterior avaliação da qualidade de reservatório desenvolvida nesse estudo foi baseada no conceito de petrofácies de reservatório, o qual consiste no agrupamento de amostras com base nos principais atributos responsáveis pela qualidade de reservatório, tais como composição primária, estruturas deposicionais, granulometria, seleção, alterações diagenéticas mais influentes na redução ou preservação da porosidade e permeabilidade originais, tipos e distribuição de poros, etc.. Essa dissertação demonstra que o conceito de petrofácies de reservatório que permite o reconhecimento sistemático dos atributos petrográficos que controlam as características (i.e. assinaturas) petrofísicas e geofísicas, bem como a redução dos riscos exploratórios. / A study of the fluvial, deltaic, and shallow-marine siliciclastic sandstones, calcarenites and hybrid arenites of Lower Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Early Albian) rift to early drift phase from the Jequitinhonha Basin, eastern Brazilian margin, reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Description of cores, wireline logs, thin sections, and petrophysical porosity and permeability analyses were integrated in order to unravel the genetic aspects that controlled the complex patterns of diagenesis of these rocks, and hence their reservoir quality evolution. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of rift and an early drift phase of Atlantic-type passive margin basins, and demonstrate the influence of depositional factors such as sedimentary facies and detrital composition (provenance) on diagenetic and reservoir evolution, with application to the prediction of reservoir quality and heterogeneity during exploration. The data integration and reservoir quality assessment performed in this paper was accomplished using the concept of reservoir petrofacies, defined by the combination of the main attributes affecting the quality of petroleum reservoirs (such as depositional structures, textures, composition, diagenetic processes and products, pore types and distribution, etc.). This paper demonstrate that the reservoir petrofacies concept is a tool for the systematic recognition of the petrographic attributes that control the petrophysical and geophysical properties, as well as the practical use of this approach in reducing exploration risks.

A constante intercalação entre rochas siliciclásticas, carbonáticas e hibridas gerou complexos reservatórios de petróleo na seção albiana (Grupo Barra Nova) da plataforma de Regência, porção emersa da bacia do Espírito Santo. O principal objetivo do trabalho é compreender o ambiente deposicional da sucessão sedimentar mista carbonática-siliciclástica albiana do Grupo Barra Nova nesta área e os fatores que condicionam a qualidade dos seus reservatórios. As rochas que compõe a sucessão estudada foram caracterizadas como rochas siliciclásticas, compostas por mais de 2/3 de grãos siliciclásticos, rochas carbonáticas, compostas por mais de 2/3 de grãos aloquímicos, e rochas hibridas, que possuem entre 1/3 e 2/3 de grãos siliciclásticos, sendo o restante de aloquímicos. Os grãos siliciclásticos são angulosos, mal a moderadamente selecionados, ricos em feldspatos, granadas e pesados, derivados de depósitos de primeiro ciclo, indicando transporte e deposição rápidos. Os grãos carbonáticos se encontram retrabalhados, apresentando abrasão dos envelopes dos oncolitos. A presença constante de grãos carbonáticos, inclusive nas rochas siliciclásticas, indica que as fábricas carbonáticas de água rasa eram permanentemente atuantes durante toda a deposição da sucessão analisada. Fatores como a re-deposição dos grãos carbonáticos, a intercalação caótica entre rochas carbonáticas, siliciclásticas e híbridas além do domínio de rochas maciças indicam que a deposição ocorreu principalmente por fluxos gravitacionais. Apesar da alta frequência de intercalação, foi possível reconhecer sequencias através da correlação entre as fácies e os perfis elétricos. Sequencias de 4ª ordem foram definidas pelo empilhamento de siliciclásticos finos, gradando a siliciclásticos grossos, a arenitos híbridos, culminando em carbonatos no topo. Mudanças climáticas e a variação relativa do nível do mar (influenciado pela tectônica salífera) controlaram o domínio de depósitos carbonáticos ou siliciclásticos. Durante períodos secos e de mar alto, havia aumento da fábrica carbonática enquanto períodos úmidos e de nível de mar baixo o aporte de siliciclásticos era preponderante. / The constant intercalation between siliciclastic, carbonatic and hybrid rocks generated complex petroleum reservoirs in Albian section (Barra Nova Group) of Regencia platform, onshore portion of Espirito Santo Basin. The main purpose of this work is to understand the depositional environment of Albian Barra Nova Group mixed carbonate-siliciclastic sedimentary sequence and the main factors that control the quality of the reservoirs. The rocks that constitute the succession were characterized as siliciclastic rocks, composed of more of 2/3 of siliciclastic grains, carbonate rocks, composed of more of 2/3 of carbonate allochem grains, and hybrid rocks, composed of between 1/3 and 2/3 of siliciclastic, being the remaining carbonate grains. Siliciclastic grains are angular, badly to moderately sorted, rich in feldspars, garnets and other heavy minerals, derived from first-cycle deposits through fast transport and deposition. Carbonate grains are reworked, commonly showing abrasion of the envelopes of oncolites. The constant presence of carbonate grains, even in the siliciclastic rocks, shows that the shallow water carbonate factory was permanently in activity during the whole deposition of the succession. The re-deposition of carbonate grains, the chaotic interbedding between carbonate, siliciclastic and hybrid rocks, and the dominance of massive rocks indicate that gravity flows were responsible for the transportation of the sediments. Although for the high frequency of intercalation, depositional sequences were identified through the correlation between facies analysis and well logs. 4th order sequences were defined, beginning with fine siliciclastic, grading to coarse siliciclastic to the top, followed by hybrid arenites, and culminating in carbonates at the top. Climatic changes and eustatic variation (induced by salt tectonics) controlled the sedimentation of siliciclastics and carbonates. During dry periods with high sea level the domine were of carbonatic sedimentation while wet periods with low sea level the supply of siliciclastic were abundant.

O estudo de arenitos, calcarenitos e arenitos híbridos do Cretáceo Inferior (Neo-Aptiano ao Meso-Albiano) da Bacia de Jequitinhonha, margem leste Brasileira, compreendendo depósitos continentais fluvio-deltaicos a lacustres da fase rifte, e fluvio-deltaicos costeiros e de plataforma mista siliciclástico-carbonática da fase transicional a drifte, demonstra que a distribuição das alterações diagenéticas e correspondente evolução da qualidade de reservatório podem ser preditas dentro de um contexto de estratigrafia de seqüências. Dados de poços (descrições de testemunhos e perfis elétricos), descrição petrográfica de laminas delgadas, e análises petrofísicas de porosidade e permeabilidade, foram integrados de modo a identificar e avaliar os aspectos genéticos dos parâmetros que controlam os padrões diagenéticos, e, por conseguinte, a qualidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. Os resultados desse estudo são relevantes para a exploração de bacias de margem passiva do tipo Atlântico. Foi demonstrada a influëncia de fatores deposicionais (i.e fácies sedimentares) e composição detrítica original (i.e. proveniência) na evolução diagenética, permitindo estimar e predizer a distribuição da qualidade e heterogeneidade de reservatório dos intervalos estudados. A integração dos dados e posterior avaliação da qualidade de reservatório desenvolvida nesse estudo foi baseada no conceito de petrofácies de reservatório, o qual consiste no agrupamento de amostras com base nos principais atributos responsáveis pela qualidade de reservatório, tais como composição primária, estruturas deposicionais, granulometria, seleção, alterações diagenéticas mais influentes na redução ou preservação da porosidade e permeabilidade originais, tipos e distribuição de poros, etc.. Essa dissertação demonstra que o conceito de petrofácies de reservatório que permite o reconhecimento sistemático dos atributos petrográficos que controlam as características (i.e. assinaturas) petrofísicas e geofísicas, bem como a redução dos riscos exploratórios. / A study of the fluvial, deltaic, and shallow-marine siliciclastic sandstones, calcarenites and hybrid arenites of Lower Cretaceous (Late Aptian to Early Albian) rift to early drift phase from the Jequitinhonha Basin, eastern Brazilian margin, reveals that the distribution of diagenetic alterations and of related reservoir quality evolution can be constrained within a sequence stratigraphic framework. Description of cores, wireline logs, thin sections, and petrophysical porosity and permeability analyses were integrated in order to unravel the genetic aspects that controlled the complex patterns of diagenesis of these rocks, and hence their reservoir quality evolution. The results of this study are relevant to the exploration of rift and an early drift phase of Atlantic-type passive margin basins, and demonstrate the influence of depositional factors such as sedimentary facies and detrital composition (provenance) on diagenetic and reservoir evolution, with application to the prediction of reservoir quality and heterogeneity during exploration. The data integration and reservoir quality assessment performed in this paper was accomplished using the concept of reservoir petrofacies, defined by the combination of the main attributes affecting the quality of petroleum reservoirs (such as depositional structures, textures, composition, diagenetic processes and products, pore types and distribution, etc.). This paper demonstrate that the reservoir petrofacies concept is a tool for the systematic recognition of the petrographic attributes that control the petrophysical and geophysical properties, as well as the practical use of this approach in reducing exploration risks.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:08:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HugoRCG_1_65pdf.pdf: 4964463 bytes, checksum: cd795f8d072464fe6d6ecf3458754e80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-28 / A complex depositional history, related to Atlantic rifting, demonstrates the geological evolution during the late Jurassic and early Neocomian periods in the Araripe Basin NE Brazil. Based on outcrop, seismic and remote sensing data, a new model of the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the section that covers the stages Dom Jo?o, Rio da Serra and Aratu (Brejo Santo, Miss?o Velha and Abaiara formations) is presented in this paper. In the stratigraphic section studied, ten sedimentary facies genetically linked to nine architectural elements were described, representing depositional systems associated with fluvial, aeolian and deltaic environments. Based on the relationship between the rates of creation of accommodation space and sediment influx (A / S) it was possible to associate these depositional systems with High and Low accommodation system tracks. These system tracks represent two tectono-sequences, separated by regional unconformities. The Tectono-sequence I, which includes lithotypes from the Brejo Santo Formation and is related to the pre-rift stage, is bounded at the base by the Paleozoic unconformity. This unit represents only a High Accommodation System Track, composed by a succession of pelitic levels interbedded with sandstones and limestones, from a large fluvial floodplain origin, developed under arid climatic conditions. The Tectono-sequence II, separated from the underlying unit by an erosional unconformity, is related to the rift stage, and is composed by the Miss?o Velha and Abaiara Formation lithotypes. Changes in depositional style that reflect variations in the A / S ratio, and the presence of hydroplastic deformation bands, make it possible to divide this tectonosequence into two internal sequences. Sequence IIA, which includes the lower portion of the Miss?o Velha Formation and sequence IIB, is composed by the upper section of the Miss?o Velha and Abaiara Formations The Sequence IIA below, composed only by the Low Accommodation System Track, includes crossbedding sandstones interbedded with massive mudstones, which are interpreted as deposits of sandy gravel beds wandering rivers. Sequence IIB, above, is more complex, showing a basal Low Accommodation System Track and a High Accommodation System Track at the top, separated by an expansion surface. The lower System Track, related to the upper portion of the Miss?o Velha Formation, is composed by a series of amalgamated channels, separated by erosion surfaces, interpreted as deposits of a belt of braided channels. The High Accommodation System Track, correlated with the Abaiara Unit, is marked by a significant increase in the A / S, resulting in the progradation of a system of braided river deltas with aeolic influence. Regarding tectonic evolution, the stratigraphic study indicates that the Tectonosequence Rift in the Araripe basin was developed in two phases: first characterized by a beginning of rifting, related to Sequence IIA, followed by a phase of syndepositional deformation, represented by sequence IIB. The first phase was not influenced by the development of large faults, but was influenced by a sharp and continuous decrease of accommodation space that permitted a change in depositional patterns, establishing a new depositional architecture. In turn, the stage of syndepositional deformation allowed for the generation of enough accommodation space for the preservation of fluvial-lacustrine deposits and conditioned the progradation of a braided river-dominated delta system. / Uma complexa hist?ria deposicional, relacionada ao rifteamento do Atl?ntico, caracteriza a evolu??o geol?gica durante o final do Jur?ssico e o in?cio do Neocomiano na Bacia do Araripe, NE do Brasil. Com base na integra??o de dados de afloramentos, se??es s?smicas e sensores remotos, apresenta-se neste trabalho, um novo modelo de evolu??o tectono-estratigr?fica para a se??o que compreende os andares Dom Jo?o, Rio da Serra e Aratu (forma??es Brejo Santo, Miss?o Velha e Abaiara). Na se??o estudada foram descritas dez f?cies sedimentares que associadas geneticamente constituem nove elementos arquiteturais, que integram sistemas deposicionais de origem fluvial, e?lica e deltaica. Com base na rela??o entre as taxas de acomoda??o e aporte sedimentar (rela??o A/S) foi poss?vel associar estes sistemas deposicionais aos tratos de sistemas de Alta e Baixa Acomoda??o. Estes tratos de sistemas integram duas tectonosseq??ncias, as quais est?o separadas por discord?ncias regionais. A Tectonosseq??ncia I ? composta pelos lit?tipos da Forma??o Brejo Santo e se relaciona ao Est?gio Pr?-Rifte, sendo limitada na base pela Discord?ncia Paleoz?ica. Tal unidade ? formada apenas pelo Trato de Sistemas de Alta Acomoda??o, caracterizado por uma sucess?o de n?veis pel?ticos intercalados a arenitos e calc?rios, originados a partir de uma ampla plan?cie fluvial distal, desenvolvida em condi??es de clima ?rido. A tectonosseq??ncia II, separada da seq??ncia sotoposta por uma discord?ncia erosiva, relaciona-se ao Est?gio Rifte, sendo composta pelos lit?tipos das forma??es Miss?o Velha e Abaiara. Mudan?as no estilo deposicional que refletem varia??es na rela??o A/S, al?m da presen?a de bandas de deforma??o hidropl?sticas, permitiram compartimentar tal tectonosseq??ncia em duas seq??ncias internas. Seq??ncia IIA, associada ? por??o inferior da Forma??o Miss?o Velha, e Seq??ncia IIB, formada pela se??o superior da Forma??o Miss?o Velha e pela Forma??o Abaiara. A Seq??ncia IIA, caracterizada somente pelo Trato de Sistemas de Baixa Acomoda??o, ? composta por arenitos com estratifica??es cruzadas intercalados a pelitos interpretados como dep?sitos de um sistema fluvial meandrante grosso. A Seq??ncia IIB, acima, ? mais complexa, sendo formada pelos tratos de sistemas de Baixa Acomoda??o, basal, e de Alta Acomoda??o, superior, separados por uma superf?cie de expans?o. O trato de sistemas basal, relacionado ? por??o superior da Forma??o Miss?o Velha, ? composto por uma s?rie de canais amalgamados, separados por superf?cies de eros?o, interpretados como dep?sitos de um cintur?o de canais entrela?ados. O Trato de Sistemas de Alta Acomoda??o, correlacionado ? Forma??o Abaiara, ? marcado por um aumento significativo na rela??o A/S, que propiciou a prograda??o de um sistema de deltas de rios entrela?ados, com influ?ncia e?lica. No que tange ? evolu??o tect?nica, o estudo estratigr?fico aqui efetuado trouxe ? tona que a Tectonosseq??ncia Rifte na Bacia do Araripe desenvolveu-se segundo duas fases distintas: uma fase de in?cio do rifte, relacionada ? Seq??ncia IIA, seguida de uma fase de deforma??o sindeposicional, representada pela Seq??ncia IIB. A primeira fase n?o foi condicionada pelo desenvolvimento de grandes falhamentos e, sim, por uma diminui??o abrupta e cont?nua do espa?o de acomoda??o que propiciou uma mudan?a nos padr?es deposicionais estabelecendo assim uma nova arquitetura deposicional. Por sua vez, a fase de deforma??o sindeposicional, subseq?ente, tornou poss?vel a gera??o de espa?o de acomoda??o suficiente para a preserva??o de dep?sitos fl?vio-lacustres depositados anteriormente e condicionou a prograda??o um sistema de deltas de rios entrela?ados