The hypothesis that depressed individuals selectively attend to instances of depressive ideational themes (dysphoric stimuli) is derived from Beck's cognitive model of depression and general theories of information processing. A dichotic auditory shadowing task with alternating dysphoric and nondysphoric distraction was employed to assess relative allocations of attention to dysphoric and nondysphoric spoken prose by 88 mildly depressed, moderately and severely depressed, highly test-anxious nondepressed, and low test-anxious nondepressed university students. Only moderately and severely depressed Ss were significantly more distracted by dysphoric than nondysphoric stimuli, with Helplessness the most salient, and Failure the least salient, of ten depressive themes. All groups performed equally well with nondysphoric distraction. No subsequent changes of relative allocations of attention were found to result from experimenter-induced success-reward or failure-loss experiences. It is proposed that the results directly demonstrate depressive information processing disturbances at stimulus selection, which are congruent with Beck's formulations. The potency of descriptions of helplessness for the moderately and severely depressed groups support the Learned Helplessness model of depression. Selective attention to noncontingency may be a mechanism by which the cognitive set to perceive noncontingency produces perceptions of current helplessness.

Santrauka Šis darbas susideda iš dviejų dalių: teorinės dalies ir atlikto tyrimo. Teorinės dalies pradžioje pristatoma viena iš dažniausiai pasitaikančių psichikos ligų šiandienos visuomenėje - depresija: aprašoma ligai būdinga simptomatika, pateikiamos atsiradimo priežastys bei analizuojama ligos paplitimo problematika ir padariniai, didelį dėmesį skiriant vienam iš tragiškiausių ligos padarinių - savižudybėms. Teorinėje dalyje taip pat apžvelgiami įvairūs faktoriai, įtakojantys šia liga sergančių žmonių prisitaikymą kasdienėje aplinkoje ir lemiantys intrapersonalinius bei interpersonalinius padarinius sergančiajam. Darbe analizuojamas depresijos poveikis žmogaus funkcionavimui bei gyvenimo kokybei, aprėpiant įvairius gyvenimo kokybės aspektus: depresija sergančio žmogaus gyvenimo šeimoje ir visuomenėje gerovę, ligos poveikį darbingumui ir prisitaikymui darbinėje aplinkoje bei subjektyvių gyvenimo kokybės aspektų vaidmenį sergant depresija. Tyrimo tikslas - ištirti pakartotine depresija sergančių asmenų gyvenimo ir ligos patirčių ypatumus. Kokybinio tyrimo eigoje buvo apklausti Vilniaus miesto psichikos sveikatos centre, dienos stacionare besigydantys pakartotine depresija sergantys asmenys. Remiantis gautais rezultatais galima teigti, kad įvairūs gyvenimo įvykiai bei jų subjektyvus vertinimas turi svarią reikšmę depresija sergančių asmenų depresijos genezėje. Savo ruožtu, su liga susijusių išgyvenimų, patirčių ypatumai atskleidė, jog neigiamas ligos poveikis yra žymus, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Summary This work is composed of two parts: theoretical and outcome of the research. First the most common in modern society mental disease –depression- is presented in the theoretical part; symptoms characteristic for this disease are described, causes of its origin and problems of disease dissemination are analyzed and results of the illness. Great attention in this work is devoted to one of the most tragic results – suicide. In the theoretical part there are also surveyed various factors, which have impact on the possibility of a person to adapt to the surroundings in his/her every day life, as well as factors which determine intrapersonal and interpersonal consequences on the patient. In this work there is analyzed impact of depression on the functions and quality of life of a person, taking into consideration various aspects of the quality of life: welfare of a depression struck patient‘s life in his/her family and in the society; impact of the disease on working capacity, adjustment to working environment, and role of subjective aspects of quality of life having depression. The aim of the research – was to analyze peculiarities of life and disease experience of the repeated depression patients. In the process of quality research there were interviewed the repeated-depression patients in the Day Department of Vilnius City Mental Disease Centre. On the basis of the results achieved we can make a statement that various life events and subjective assessment of these events... [to full text]

Bakgrund: De patienter som insjuknat i stroke löper stor risk att drabbas av sekundär depression, vilket kan leda till högre mortalitet. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa situationen med fokus på indikationer och symtom hos patienter som har drabbats av sekundär depression efter stroke i Europa. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie med en analys inspirerad av innehållsanalys. Analysen av 10 kvantitativa, en kvalitativ och en mixed-method artikel utgör underlag för resultatet. Resultat: Följande kategorier arbetades fram: kroppslig svaghet, könsskillnader, tidsaspekt och känslor. Ett skiftande och ofta motsägelsefullt resultat framträdde. Konklusion: De resultat som har gjorts i denna litteraturstudie bör användas med försiktighet, då forskning som analyserats bestod av mindre observationsstudier som har lågt bevisvärde. Några indikationer som framkom i studien som kan vara av värde i sjuksköterskans möte med strokepatienter för att urskilja patienter i riskzonen för sekundär depression efter stroke.

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005. / Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 252-286).

Thesis (D.Psych.)--Murdoch University, 2002. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education. Bibliography: leaves 244-304.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2003. / Also available online.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-171).

Thesis (M.Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-147)

Zugl.: Würzburg, Schweinfurt, Fachhochsch., Diplomarbeit