Vårdrelaterade infektioner kan leda till sjuklighet och för tidig död och påverkar många människor, inte bara individen själv utan även dennes familj och samhället i stort. Vårdrelaterade infektioner drabbar både patienter och sjukvårdspersonal. Med goda basala hygienrutiner och medvetenhet om hur infektioner sprids kan många fall förebyggas och mycket lidande förhindras. Denna studies syfte var att beskriva basala hygienrutiner vid sårbehandling på en avdelning vid ett sjukhus i norra Tanzania. Studien hade en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ ansats där det kvalitativa datamaterialet har bearbetats med innehållsanalys och det kvantitativa datamaterialet har redovisats med deskriptiv statistik. Innehållsanalysen resulterade i kategorierna Kontaminering av omgivning/material, smutsig rutin och ren rutin. Slutsatsen visade att de basala hygienrutinerna brast vilket kan öka risken för vårdrelaterade infektioner samt att basala hygienrutiner inte tycks vara väl implementerade på avdelningen. / Health care-associated infections can lead to morbidity and premature death and affect many people, not only the individual himself/herself but also his/her family and the society at large. Health care-associated infections affects both patients and healthcare staff. With good basic hygiene and awareness of how infection spread many cases can be prevented and much suffering be avoided. The aim of this study was to describe the basic hygiene routines of wound care at a ward at a hospital in northern Tanzania. The study had a qualitative and a quantitative approach in which the qualitative data material was processed with content analysis and the quantitative data material was presented with descriptive statistics. Content analysis resulted in the categories contamination of the environment/materials, dirty routine and clean routine. The conclusion showed that the basic hygiene routines were rarely performed properly which increased the risk of healthcare associated infections and that basic hygiene routines did not seem to be well implemented on the ward.

Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-30T14:42:40Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_JESSICANAYARA_Finalizada!VersaoPDFXXX.pdf: 4362174 bytes, checksum: 2a87d0a2266092995507309bd38dc64b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T14:42:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO_JESSICANAYARA_Finalizada!VersaoPDFXXX.pdf: 4362174 bytes, checksum: 2a87d0a2266092995507309bd38dc64b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / CAPEs / Sendo os acidentes de trânsito um problema mundial, este estudo descreve e analisa os acidentes ocorridos nas rodovias federais do estado de Pernambuco, entre os anos 2007-2012. Para a análise dos resultados, utilizou-se como opções metodológicas a análise descritiva e exploratória, através da análise de correspondência simples e múltipla. Diante das análises exploratórias, deseja-se ampliar o conhecimento sobre as associações e configurações das ocorrências e de seus fatores envolvidos, traçando os perfis dos acidentes e dos condutores dos veículos. Entre os principais resultados encontrados, identificou-se que a BR-101 é a rodovia federal com maior número de acidentes no estado de Pernambuco, cerca de 45% do total de ocorrências. Além disso, os acidentes na rodovia transversal BR-104 mostraram-se fortemente relacionados com as ultrapassagens indevidas. Identificou-se o perfil do jovem, solteiro, do sexo masculino que ingeriu álcool, com nível médio de escolaridade que sofreu lesões graves, como um dos perfis que melhor explicam os condutores envolvidos nos acidentes nas rodovias federais pernambucanas. Os resultados evidenciaram, também, os principais perfis dos acidentes, entre eles estão as colisões laterais e traseiras, ocorridas na BR-101, pela manhã, ocasionadas por falta de atenção e por não guardar distancia de segurança. Portanto, as análises descritivas e exploratórias trazem mais compreensão acerca dos acidentes. Espera-se que este estudo seja visto como uma fonte de consulta do panorama da acidentalidade no estado de Pernambuco, e que seus resultados norteiem ações adequadas do poder público e da sociedade em geral, a fim de prevenir e mitigar os transtornos causados pelos acidentes. / Since traffic accidents are a global problem, this present study describes and analyzes the accidents that occurred on Federal highways, in Pernambuco state, between the years 2007- 2012. In an effort to analyze the results, it was used as methodological options the descriptive and exploratory analysis, by the simple and multiple correspondence analysis. Given the exploratory analysis, it is needed to learn more about the associations and set of the occurred accidents, as well as its causes involved, mapping the profiles of accidents and drivers of vehicles involved. Among the main results found, the BR-101 is the Federal highway with the greatest number of accidents in the state of Pernambuco, it is about 45% of the total events. In addition, the accidents on the BR-104 cross highway showed strongly related to the undue overtaking. The identified profile as young, single, male, who has ingested alcoholic beverage, who is high school level and has suffered severe injuries is the one who best explains drivers involved in accidents in the Federal highways of Pernambuco. The results showed the main accident particulars as well: side and rear collisions, occurred on the BR-101, in the morning, due to the lack of attention and by not keeping safety distance. Therefore, the descriptive and exploratory analysis bring more comprehension upon the accidents. It is expected to this study to be seen as an inquiry source by the accident rate prospect in Pernambuco state, and its results to guide government and society to appropriate actions in order to prevent and mitigate the issues caused by these accidents.

Diploma deals with project managament of market survey which is realized by small Czech trading company. Step by step it attends to questionaire design and how to use it, definition of information minimum, managing of market survey, design of information system modification, data processing by descriptive statistics usage.

Background and Aim The South African higher education sector has undergone numerous changes over the past years due to external factors such as globalisation, managerialism and neo-liberalism (Ntshoe, Higgs, Higgs&Wolhuter, 2008). Furthermore De Villiers and Steyn (2009) add that state funding of higher education in South Africa has been decreased to such an extent that higher education institutions (HEI’s) have been unable to parallel the increase in the number of students enrolled per year. As mentioned by Mouton (2010) universities in sub-Saharan Africa continue to operate under conditions which are seriously under-resourced, which poses significant challenges for the scholars concerned. The changes in the Higher Education Institutional environment have forced HEI’s to increase their level of output in terms of: enrollments, qualifications awarded, research output and institution size and number of disadvantaged students (De Villiers&Steyn, 2009) in order to remain competitive. The number of changes in performance outputs as well as the growing market for competitive higher education (HE) has greatly impacted the job demands of academics in South Africa. The environment in which academics in South Africa function now demands more of them than in previous years. For example the employment relationship has changed (i.e. teacher-driven to student-driven), altering the type of work that people do, when they work and how much they do (Barkhuizen, Rothmann&Van de Vijver, in press). Accordingly, it appears that the job demands of academics have escalated, whilst the levels of support and other resources have declined. The objective of this study was to investigate whether job demands and resources are significant predictors of dispositional employability of academics in South Africa. Method A cross–sectional research design was followed. The Job Characteristics Scale developed by Barkhuizen and Rothman (2005) and the Dispositional Measure of Employability (Fugate&Kinicki, 2008) were used as measures in this study. A total of 360 questionnaires were sent out to the sample, of which 158 completed questionnaires were received, but only 146 of these responses could be used for data analyses. This represents a 40.55% response rate. Results The results showed that there is a significant relationship between job demands and the change identity of the academics and that job demands do act as a predictor of the dispositional employability of academics in terms of their change identity. No significant relationship between the job resources and the dispositional employability of the academics were found, however all of the dimensions of DE had a positive relationship with job resources. A significant relationship between job demands and the ethnicity, home language, age, the respondent’s job level and the number of hours they work was found. However, no statistically significant differences were found within gender, qualifications, job categories, years in service and the number of years in current positions. According to the results the white ethnic group experiences higher job demands than the black ethic group. Furthermore respondents speaking either Afrikaans or English experience higher job demands then respondents speaking indigenous languages. In relation to this, the age group 50 to 59 experience higher job demands compared to that of the age group 20-29. Associate professors experience higher job demands than junior lecturers. No significant relationship between the academics’ perception of their job resources and their demographic characteristics was found. There are significant differences between the DE of the academics and their ethnicity, home language, job category, years in service and hours of work. No statistically significant differences were found within gender, age, qualifications, job level or years in the current position. The Black ethnic group indicates higher levels of resilience and motivation compared to the other ethnic groups, and indigenous languages have higher levels of resilience compared to the other two language groups. Academics that function as both researchers and lecturers have higher levels of career proactivity compared to the academics that function only as a researcher or lecturer. Respondents that have been in the industry for between zero to 10 years have a higher level of resilience compared to the respondents who have served for longer. The working hours of group four (between 31 to 40 hours) show higher levels of resilience compared to the other groups. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Human Resource Management

No description available.

This dissertation called The Statistical Investigation of Time and Economical Development of the Extraordinary Incident Kind Selected deals with traffic accidents on roads within the Czech Republic. The goal of this work is to investigate a time and economical connection of traffic accidents. The theoretical part specifies basic terms which are related to road transport in the Czech Republic and which are mainly based on valid laws in the field of road transportation. There is also deeply analysed the term "traffic accident" which has to gain specific features in order to be classified as a traffic accident. Subsequently, there are also presented and discussed the most common causes of accidents. Impacts of economic damage to the state budget were described by a certified methodology for calculating losses from a traffic accident rate on roads. Within possibilities of a bigger kind of an extraordinary incident during which emergency could be announced, there is described a system of crisis management in transport and an operation of Crisis Management Department of the Ministry of Transport. In the last section of the theoretical part there are summarized the basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics which were used for processing of the practical part of the dissertation. In the practical part three hypotheses were being tested based on the collected data, which was drawn from statistical yearbooks of a traffic accident rate published on the website of the Police of the Czech Republic. The methodology provides basic methods of descriptive and mathematical statistics to whom the gained data has been subjected. To verify the hypothesis H2 the amounts of damage per a time unit have a distribution close to the normal distribution. It was used within the mathematical statistics of nonparametric testing of hypothesis. Through the non-parametric testing was allowed to prove normality of damage amount in traffic accidents in the period 2009 - 2013. For verification of the hypothesis H1 number of traffic accidents and the amount of damage are positively correlated and hypotheses H3 time development of traffic accidents per one time unit can be expressed by linear regression with negative correlation. Simple linear and correlation dependence was used in the context of mathematical statistics. The aim of the hypotheses H1 and H3 mentioned above was to find out a kind of regression, depending on given statistical features, to find suitable regression function and to determine tightness of correlation using an appropriate coefficient. A negative correlation coefficient was calculated for the hypothesis H1 so it was rejected. This result is possible to comment on the fact that, although there is less material damage, the number of incidents in particular time units does not reflect this fact. For the hypotheses H3 we can conclude that traffic accidents have been declining in a longer time interval and this leads to fulfilment of the goal of the national road safety strategy 2011 - 2020. For the short time period 2009 - 2013 it is not possible to come to the same conclusion and the hypotheses H3 has to be rejected. In the context of a deeper research of the impact of economic damage to our state, it would be good to work e.g. with the amount of money which insurance companies have to pay to persons involved in an accident. We could also work with the amount of costs which the state has to spend on activities of organs of emergency service for dealing with all consequences of any emergencies associated with an accident. Determination of the total amount of economic damage from a traffic accident rate and from a number of traffic accidents helps us to realize the seriousness of this issue. Just as other indicators of traffic safety, economic damage and a number of traffic accidents are important indicators of prevention and effectiveness of traffic-safety measures.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-07-27T11:51:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto.pdf: 1870932 bytes, checksum: 32a90177a5ca31de1ab6bceeb8cf95a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T11:51:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ikaro Daniel de Carvalho Barreto.pdf: 1870932 bytes, checksum: 32a90177a5ca31de1ab6bceeb8cf95a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Knowledge about watershed stream flow regime allows for better public water resource management. However, human activity through reservoir operation can change the stream flow regime. In the Brazilian Northeast region, the São Francisco river basin has a major social and energetic importance. This basin has two large reservoirs, Três Marias and Sobradinho that can affect downstream flow. We select three stations in São Fracisco/MG, Juazeiro/BA and Pão de Açúcar/AL to evaluate influence from the reservoir in the river’s downstream flow. We use Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA), Multi Scale Entropy (MSE) and Sliding Window Analysis (SWA) to evaluate changes in dynamics and complexity of river stream flow. Our major results can be summarized as follows: (1) hydrologic regime in the Juazeiro/BA and Pão de Açúcar/AL stations (closer to Large Hydropower/Reservoir - LHP/R) changed after LHP/R construction from persistent (in scales from 30 days to 1,5 years) to anti-persistent (in scales from 10 days to 1,5 years), while the series from São Francisco/MG station (most distant to LHP/R) doesn’t present any differences in long range correlations after LHP/R construction; (2) MSE analysis shows that series from Juazeiro/BA and Pão de Açúcar/AL stations have more complex dynamics after LHP/R construction and their anomalies have less complex dynamics after LHP/R construction, differently from the São Francisco/MG station series which didn’t show any hydrologic dynamics differences throughout the same periods; (3) changes in Sliding Window SampEn (SWA-SampEn) after Sobradinho LHP/R construction were detected in the Juazeiro/BA and Pão de Açúcar/AL station series. These results indicate that regulation in stream flow by Sobradinho LHP/R has influenced the complexity and long-range correlations on the lower São Francisco river basin. / O conhecimento sobre o regime de vazão de bacias hidrográficas permite-nos planejar melhor as políticas públicas de administração dos recursos hídricos. Contudo, a intervenção humana, através de reservatórios, pode alterar o regime hidrológico. Na Região Nordeste do Brasil, o rio São Francisco se destaca pela sua importância energética e social. Este rio possui dois grandes reservatórios: Três Marias e Sobradinho que afetam a vazão do rio a jusante. Para avaliar a influência dos mesmos na vazão do rio a jusante, foram selecionadas três estações: São Francisco/MG, Juazeiro/BA e Pão de Açúcar/AL. Para analisar as alterações do regime hidrológico foram utilizadas as técnicas de Detrended Fluctuation Anlysis (DFA), Multi Scale Entropy (MSE) e Sliding Window Analysis (SWA). Os principais resultados foram (1) o regime hidrológico das estações de Juazeiro/BA e Pão de Açúcar/AL (próximas das Grandes Centrais Hidrelétricas/Reservatório - GCH/R) foi alterado depois da construção passando de persistente (nas escalas entre 30 dias e 1,5 anos) para anti-persistente (nas escalas de 10 dias a 1,5 anos); na estação de São Francisco/MG (mais distante da GCH/R) não se detectou alteração nas correlações após a construção; (2) a análise MSE mostrou para as estações de Juazeiro/BA e Pão de Açúcar/AL uma dinâmica mais complexa após a construção do reservatório quando comparado com o período anterior nas séries originais e uma dinâmica menos complexa para anomalias, divergindo da série original e de anomalias da estação de São Francisco/MG que não apresentou diferença de complexidade no regime hidrológico entre os períodos anterior e posterior a construção do reservatório; (3) modificações na entropia em janelas móveis (SWA-SampEn) após a construção de Sobradinho/BA para a estação de Juazeiro/BA e de Pão de Açúcar/AL. Estes resultados indicam que o reservatório de Sobradinho/BA, como agente regulador da vazão, influencia a complexidade e correlações de longo alcance da vazão do baixo São Francisco.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-26T14:26:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Evandro de Moura Rios - 2014.pdf: 4832237 bytes, checksum: e90ddc9df15563d7f0235b4ced6a6bd7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-03-27T10:41:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Evandro de Moura Rios - 2014.pdf: 4832237 bytes, checksum: e90ddc9df15563d7f0235b4ced6a6bd7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-27T10:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Evandro de Moura Rios - 2014.pdf: 4832237 bytes, checksum: e90ddc9df15563d7f0235b4ced6a6bd7 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this paper we describe all the descriptive statistic and much of statistical inference. After this theoretical framework, we try to draw a paralled between what is studied since ekementary school, and what is done graduations. We conclude with some descriptions of practical lessons that worked some basic concepts of statistical inference. / 􀀀 Neste trabalho descrevemos toda a estatística descritiva e boa parte da estatística inferencial. Após este referencial teórico, procuramos fazer um paralelo entre o que é estudado desde o ensino fundamental e o que é feito nas graduações. Concluímos com algumas descrições de aulas práticas que trabalham alguns conceitos básicos da inferência estatística.

Masters of Art / Intimate partner violence (IPV) has reached epidemic proportions in South Africa, prompting the government to pass the Domestic Violence Act 116 (1998). However, numerous scholars still believe that legislation is lacking due to inadequate implementation of protocol in the healthcare sector. In the healthcare setting, nurses are usually the first people that abused women make contact with and so they are in an excellent position to identify IPV victims and prevent further abuse. Routine universal screening in the healthcare setting is recommended as a means to identify women who suffer in abusive relationships. However, several problems have been encountered with the attempts to implement screening practices. In this study the various perceived barriers to IPV screening among nursing students were examined by use of a descriptive survey approach. The research participants were 103 nursing students from the University of the Western Cape. Data were collected by means of a selfadministered questionnaire and analysed using descriptive as a means to uncover the relationship between perceived barriers and the screening practices of the participants. The aim of this study was to identify the barriers that will discourage a nurse from routinely screening for intimate partner violence in a healthcare practice. The present study’s results indicated that the majority of variance in routinely screening for IPV can be explained by barriers related to HCP knowledge of managing IPV disclosure; the perceived responses of patients to screening; the privatisation of abuse; and whether HCP regard IPV as a healthcare issue. Information, regarding the beliefs of healthcare providers (HCP) with regard to IPV as well as the barriers they perceive toward screening, will be helpful in designing curricula that will successfully teach HCP how to screen for IPV and it will also be useful in making positive changes to the screening conditions in healthcare settings.

Exploring the cycloid temperament has been attempted throughout the ages by various pioneers in psychiatry, psychology and psychoanalysis. Contemporary psychiatric approaches have estimated that cycloid pathology, most evident as Bipolar Disorder, accounts for more than 1% of the population and is seen as the sixth leading cause of all illnesses. Despite the latter it is remains a desperately understudied area psychologically. Theoretically, BD is known for (1) its complex epidemiology, (2) costly treatment, (3) occupational impairment; (4) its negative interpersonal implications, (5) negative domestic effects, (6) forensic consequences, (7) death due to suicide and accidents, (8) cost in treatment, and finally, and most importantly from a humanistic perspective, (9) BD's diminished quality of life. Given the various realities faced by those suffering from Bipolar disorder the current study aimed at describing, through the use of the Rorschach Comprehensive system (CS), the self and object-representations, as well as the affect experiences of fifty, predominantly Bipolar I inpatients. The patients were selected through opportunity sampling at two provincial psychiatric hospitals in South Africa and included Caucasian, African and Colored respondents. All protocols were administered and scored by trained CS clinicians and re-scored by both the author and supervisor. Fifteen protocols were thereafter randomly assigned to three inter-raters and a high level of inter-rater reliability seemed evident. Given various inherent limitations of the study, that is, (a) a study of limited scope, (b) the heterogeneous nature of the sample and the reliance on opportunity sampling, (c) the small sample size, (d) lack of a control group, and (d) the focus of the study as exploratory-descriptive in nature, basic descriptive statistic were relied upon. Despite the various limitations, the results obtained seemed to hint at the possibility of a Neglected Self, characterised by difficulties in modulating affect in moderation, lack of self-esteem and positive self-regard, difficulties in introspection and self-inspecting behaviour, a general lack of interpersonal comfort and feelings of threat, as well as affectional and representational constriction. The presence of impaired self-regulation and reflection, possible perceptual differences in sensory-affective reactivity and processing, as well as difficulties in representational elaboration and differentiation needs further research and comparison to other psychiatric disorders. Basic therapeutic inferences were also discussed that may support those who treat cycloid patients. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Psychology / unrestricted