Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaCAR.pdf: 3104381 bytes, checksum: 3792a4280761ca86a433edcac4c7f234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-17 / The purpose of this work is to analyze the knowledge relationships that articulate in projects of maintainable rural development construction for the paraiban semi-arid, analyzing the farmers daily practices and their relationship with the technological practices spread by ONGs. We took as empirical object the rural community of Lajedo de Timba?ba, municipal district of Soledade-PB, located in the very small region of paraiban Curimata?. It is a community where registers one of the first cases of maintainable rural development planning in the state of Para?ba. The analysis was centered on the farmers experiences of life in sustainability experience, trying to understand how they acquire new knowledge and how they interact with them. In methodological terms, it was considered feasible to place the knowledge interaction between the farmers and technicians from ONGs by placing the analysis according to Paulo Freire s questioning (2006): extension or communication? To understand the farmers daily practices, it was resorted to the theoretical contribution by Michel de Certeau (2008) in order to discern a microresistance movement of inversion/rejection/changing by the farmers in relation to their external knowledge. Just from the theoretical point of view and resorting to the imaginary social by Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), it was considered the way of living of the farmers researched, having as reference the experience in the material and symbolic production of their lives. It became indispensable, therefore, not to dissociate the knowledge relationships between farmers and technicians from ONGs from the sustainability concepts, maintainable rural development, and rural extension. The results of the study revealed that the farmers from Lajedo de Timba?ba while dealing with the technological practices proposed by ONGs that work in the community, express those practices from their daily logic, and they constitute them in survival strategies that are inserted in their own idiosyncrasy. It was verified, therefore, that the external knowledge presented by the proposals of sociability alternatives with the droughts in the perspective of maintainable development while placed in the farmers daily relationship, they are judged as advantageous or disadvantageous when they are confronted with their peculiar way of doing their daily work. The technological practices are incorporated, denied, or recreated starting from evaluative criteria related to the preservation of the soil and to the economical and social reproduction of the unit of production of family agriculture / Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as rela??es de saberes que se articulam em projetos de constru??o do desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel para o semi-?rido paraibano, analisando as pr?ticas cotidianas dos agricultores e sua rela??o com as pr?ticas tecnol?gicas difundidas por ONGs. Tomamos como objeto emp?rico a comunidade rural de Lajedo de Timba?ba, munic?pio de Soledade-PB, localizada na microrregi?o do Curimata? paraibano. Trata-se de uma comunidade onde se registra um dos primeiros casos de planejamento do desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel na Para?ba. A an?lise centrou-se nas viv?ncias dos agricultores em experi?ncia de sustentabilidade, procurando compreender como eles se apropriam de novos conhecimentos e com estes interagem. Em termos metodol?gicos, considerou-se fact?vel situar a intera??o de saberes entre os agricultores e os t?cnicos das ONGs, situando a an?lise conforme questionamento de Paulo Freire (2006): extens?o ou comunica??o? Para o entendimento das pr?ticas cotidianas dos agricultores, recorreu-se ? contribui??o te?rica de Michel de Certeau (2008), no sentido de discernir um movimento de microrresist?ncias, de invers?o/rejei??o/modifica??o pelos agricultores em rela??o aos saberes externos. Ainda do ponto de vista te?rico, recorrendo ao imagin?rio social de Cornelius Castoriadis (1982), considerou-se o modo de viver dos agricultores pesquisados, tendo como refer?ncia a experi?ncia na produ??o material e simb?lica de suas vidas. Por isso, fez-se imprescind?vel n?o dissociar as rela??es de saberes entre agricultores e t?cnicos de ONGs dos conceitos de sustentabilidade, desenvolvimento rural sustent?vel e extens?o rural. O estudo realizado revelou que os agricultores de Lajedo de Timba?ba, ao se depararem com as pr?ticas tecnol?gicas propostas pelas ONGs que atuam na comunidade, expressam essas pr?ticas a partir da sua l?gica cotidiana e as constituem em estrat?gias de sobreviv?ncia inseridas na sua pr?pria idiossincrasia. Constatou-se, portanto, que os saberes externos, proporcionados pelas propostas de alternativas de conviv?ncia com as secas, na perspectiva de desenvolvimento sustent?vel, quando postos na rela??o cotidiana dos agricultores, s?o julgados como vantajosos ou desvantajosos ao serem confrontados com o seu modo peculiar do fazer cotidiano. As pr?ticas tecnol?gicas s?o incorporadas, negadas ou recriadas a partir de crit?rios avaliativos relacionados ? preserva??o da terra e ? reprodu??o econ?mica e social da unidade de produ??o da agricultura familiar

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YldrySRQP_TESE.pdf: 1712079 bytes, checksum: b17d9a120b94e31c6978b40928b45ad1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-13 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / Knowledge of quality of life is a very complex and rich in cultural and subjective dimensions, understood in a broad sense and multivariate theme. Considering the rural areas from agriculture, it is observed that the production standard defines significant changes in the environmental context and the quality of life of rural workers. To explain the relationship between quality of life and Family Organic Agriculture, we sought to analyze the quality of life of the organic family farmer, after change in agricultural management. The research, based on a procedure exploratory study supported the articulation theoretically constructed, showed their relevance and allowed to delimit with greater security, the central question of work. The WHOQOL - 100 treated the instrument of research on quality of life that directed the field study with organic farmers from the town of Lagoa Seca / PB. Farmers and family members are from rural regions Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti and Pau Ferro. The average time is 39 years farming and organic family farm is 16 years. In the analysis work was found that the process of production of vegetables and fruits is divided into 08 steps and with respect to workloads observations showed the presence of: physical loads, mechanical stresses, psychological burden and ergonomic factors. Most farmers reported symptoms were fatigue and cramps in the legs . Regarding the quality of life was noticed that the Psychological Domain contributed positively to the quality of life with mean and standard deviation (17.83 ? 12.78) and Domain Environment negatively contributing to the quality of life of this group (9.00 ? 6.82). We conclude that the practice of Family Organic Agriculture should be seen as an effective strategy in promoting quality of life and social values in between, since it presents environmental sustainability with regard to life and socio-cultural diversity of populations / O conhecimento de qualidade de vida ? um tema muito complexo e rico em dimens?es subjetivas e culturais, entendidas em uma percep??o vasta e multivariada. Considerando o meio rural a partir da agricultura, observa-se que o padr?o produtivo define modifica??es expressivas no contexto ambiental e na qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores rurais. Para explanar a rela??o entre qualidade de vida e Agricultura Familiar Org?nica, buscou-se analisar a qualidade de vida do agricultor familiar org?nico, ap?s mudan?a no manejo agr?cola. A investiga??o, baseada em um procedimento de estudo explorat?rio, apoiou a articula??o constru?da teoricamente, mostrou sua pertin?ncia e permitiu delimitar, com maior seguran?a, a quest?o central do trabalho. O WHOQOL-100 tratou-se do instrumento de pesquisa sobre qualidade de vida que direcionou o estudo de campo com os agricultores familiares org?nicos da cidade de Lagoa Seca/PB. Os agricultores e membros da fam?lia s?o oriundos das regi?es rurais Almeida, Alvinho, Lagoa de Barro, Lagoa Gravat?, Oiti e Pau Ferro. O tempo m?dio de agricultura ? de 39 anos e na agricultura familiar org?nica ? de 16 anos. Na an?lise do trabalho se verificou que o processo de produ??o de verduras e frutas se divide em 08 etapas e em rela??o ?s cargas de trabalho as observa??es mostraram a presen?a de: cargas f?sicas, cargas mec?nicas, carga psicol?gica e cargas ergon?micas. Os sintomas mais referidos pelos agricultores foram c?imbras e fadiga nas pernas. No que concerne ? qualidade de vida percebeu-se que o Dom?nio Psicol?gico contribuiu positivamente para a Qualidade de Vida com m?dia e desvio (17,83?12,78) e o Dom?nio Ambiente contribuindo negativamente para a Qualidade de Vida deste grupo (9,00?6,82). Conclui-se que a pr?tica da Agricultura Familiar Org?nica deve ser vista como uma estrat?gia eficaz na promo??o da qualidade de vida e de valores sociais nesse meio, uma vez que apresenta sustentabilidade socioambiental que respeita a vida e a diversidade sociocultural das popula??es

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-12T11:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AfranioCA_TESE.pdf: 5802290 bytes, checksum: fd6a3b6955fd8eca343b02a54254a104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-24 / The exceeded use of the natural resources required by the modern agriculture has been caused soil impoverishment, soil salinization and soil compaction. The unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides causes chemical imbalances in the plant tissues, nutritional losses, taste chances and human health problems. The monocrops are more vulnerable to the pest and disease attacks. The aim of this work were to indicate the better relative planting time of the cowpea bean for the sesame/cowpea bean intercropping based on the evaluation of agronomic, economic, ecological and physiological parameters and to evaluate the viability of the cow urine and cassava wastewater use as alternative fertilizers on the sesame cultivation. In a field essay, when the sesame/cowpea bean was evaluate, the mainly treatments were the single planting of the two cultures and the multiple cropping, with the cowpea bean being planted on the same time, 7, 14 and 21 days after the sesame. The mainly treatments of the second essay were the combined doses of the cow urine (0 and 50 ml) and cassava wastewater (0, 500 and 1000 mL). In the intercrop evaluation significant differences were found between the treatments for the most of the parameters. It was verified that as the sowing of the cowpea bean was retarded in relation to the sesame sowing, the sesame performance increased when the cowpea bean performance decreased. The treatment 7 days balanced the competition relations that occurred between the two crops in the intercrop. The sesame presented little pronounced responses to the different doses of cassava wastewater. The cow urine affected the sesame growth and the growth rates increased with the increasing of the application of the product. The responses of the sesame growth to the cow urine application must be related both the nutritional richness of the product and the presence of growth stimulating substances. The obtained results indicated that in the sesame/cowpea bean intercropping, when the sesame is planted 7 days after the sesame, there is a higher possibility of the net gains to the farmer. Cow urine and cassava wastewater may be used as additional organic fertilizers / A explora??o exacerbada dos recursos demandados pela Agricultura Moderna vem provocando empobrecimento, saliniza??o e compacta??o dos solos. O uso irracional de fertilizantes qu?micos e agrot?xicos tem causado desequil?brio qu?mico nos tecidos vegetais, perdas nutricionais, altera??es no sabor e problemas na sa?de humana. As monoculturas est?o mais sujeitas ao ataque de pragas e doen?as, sendo altamente dependentes de agrot?xicos. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho: (1) indicar a(s) ?poca(s) relativa(s) mais apropriada(s) de plantio do feij?o caupi no cons?rcio com o gergelim a partir da avalia??o de aspectos agron?micos, econ?micos, ecol?gicos e fisiol?gicos e (2) avaliar a viabilidade da utiliza??o de urina de vaca e manipueira como fertilizantes alternativos no cultivo do gergelim. No ensaio de campo, quando o cons?rcio gergelim/feij?o caupi foi avaliado, os tratamentos principais foram os monocultivos das duas culturas e os cultivos consorciados, sendo a Fabacea plantada no mesmo tempo, 7, 14 e 21 dias ap?s a Pedaliaceae. No experimento em vasos, os tratamentos principais constaram de doses combinadas de urina de vaca (0 e 50 mL) e manipueira (0, 500 e 1000 mL). Na avalia??o do cons?rcio, foram verificadas diferen?as significativas entre os tratamentos para a maior parte das vari?veis. Percebeu-se que na medida em que se atrasava a semeadura do feij?o caupi em rela??o ao plantio do gergelim, obtinham-se respostas proporcionalmente mais positivas para a Pedaliaceae, o contr?rio ocorrendo para o feij?o. Destacou-se o tratamento 7 dias como o ponto de equil?brio considerando as rela??es competitivas estabelecidas entre as duas culturas no cons?rcio. O gergelim apresentou respostas pouco pronunciadas ?s diferentes doses isoladas de manipueira. A urina de vaca exerceu efeito sobre o crescimento vegetativo do gergelim, o que se refletiu no aumento das taxas de crescimento em resposta ? aplica??o do produto. As respostas do crescimento do gergelim ? aplica??o da urina de vaca devem estar relacionadas tanto ? riqueza nutricional do produto quanto ? presen?a de subst?ncias estimuladoras do crescimento. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que, no cons?rcio gergelim/feij?o caupi, quando a Fabacea ? plantada 7 dias ap?s o gergelim, h? maior possibilidade de ganhos l?quidos para o produtor e que urina de vaca e manipueira podem ser utilizados como complementos na aduba??o do gergelim