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Detour Domination in GraphsChartrand, Gary, Haynes, Teresa W., Henning, Michael A., Zhang, Ping 01 April 2004 (has links)
For distinct vertices u and v of a nontrivial connected graph G, the detour distance D(u, v) between u and v is the length of a longest u-v path in G. For a vertex v ∈ V(G), define D-(v) = min{D(u, v) : u ∈ V(G) - {v}}. A vertex u (≠ v) is called a detour neighbor of v if D(u, v) = D -(v). A vertex u is said to detour dominate a vertex u if u = v or u is a detour neighbor of v. A set S of vertices of G is called a detour dominating set if every vertex of G is detour dominated by some vertex in S. A detour dominating set of G of minimum cardinality is a minimum detour dominating set and this cardinality is the detour domination number γD(G) . We show that if G is a connected graph of order n ≥ 3, then γD(G) ≤ n - 2. Moreover, for every pair k, n of integers with 1 ≤ k ≤ n - 2, there exists a connected graph G of order n such that γD(G) = k. It is also shown that for each pair a, b of positive integers, there is a connected graph G with domination number γ(G) = a and γD(G) = b.
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Hamiltonian Domination in GraphsChartrand, Gary, Haynes, Teresa W., Henning, Michael A., Zhang, Ping 01 November 2004 (has links)
For distinct vertices u and ν of a nontrivial connected graph G, the detour distance D(u, ν) between u and ν is the length of a longest u-ν path in C. For a vertex ν in G, define D+(ν) = max{D(u, ν) : u ∈ V(G) - {ν}}. A vertex u is called a hamiltonian neighbor of ν if D(u, ν) -D+(ν). A vertex v is said to hamiltonian dominate a vertex u if u = ν or u is a hamiltonian neighbor of ν. A set 5 of vertices of G is called a hamiltonian dominating set if every vertex of G is hamiltonian dominated by some vertex in S. A hamiltonian dominating set of minimum cardinality is a minimum hamiltonian dominating set and this cardinality is the hamiltonian domination number γH(G) of G. It is shown that if T is a tree of order n ≥ 3 and p is the order of the periphery of T, then γH(T) = n - p. It is also shown that if G is a connected graph of order n ≥ 3, then γH(G) ≤ n - 2. Moreover, for every pair k, n of integers with 1 ≤ k ≤ n - 2, there exists a connected graph G of order n such that γH(G) = k. For a vertex ν in G, define D- (ν) -min{D(u, ν) : u ∈ V(G) -{ν}}. A vertex u is called a detour neighbor of ν if D(u, ν) = D- (ν). The detour domination number γD(G) of G is defined analogously to γH(G)- It is shown that every pair a, b of positive integers is realizable as the domination number and hamiltonian domination number, respectively, of some graph. For integers a, b ≥ 2, the corresponding result is shown for the detour domination number and hamiltonian domination number. The problem of determining those rational numbers r and s with 0 < r, s < 1 for which there exists a graph G of order n such that γD(G)/n = r and γH/(G)/n = s is discussed.
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