No description available.

Graduation date: 1991

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the deuterium oxide content of various samples of water by a precise and sensitive method based upon the compressibility of water. These samples were gathered from as many different locations as were deemed necessary.

M.W.P. Strandberg. / "September 25, 1948." / Includes bibliographical footnotes. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W-36-039-sc-32037 Project No. 102B. Dept. of the Army Project No. 3-99-10-022.

The primary objectives of the study were to compare 2 body fat (%, BF) prediction methods for stock-type horses by rump fat thickness (RFT) and D2O dilution with actual tissue fat analysis by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and to identify the relationships among BF, BCS, and physical measurements. Secondary objectives were to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of mesenteric (MS), cardiac (CD), subcutaneous (SC), intermuscular (IM), and leaf fat (LF) and to identify relationships between of FA composition and BCS in horses. Results indicated that D2O dilution is an accurate predictor of BF, and RFT alone does not accurately predict BF. Additionally, BCS may be useful in predicting BF when used with other physical measurements. The effects of BCS and fat depot on FA composition were independent of each other. The more influential factor in FA composition of adipose tissues was fat depot as opposed to BCS.

Skeletal muscle demonstrates a remarkable malleability and can adjust its metabolic and contractile properties in response to changes in environmental stimuli. The proteome represents a highly dynamic and versatile entity that coordinates the adaptive response of skeletal muscle through adjustments in individual protein abundance, modulated by changes in the synthesis and degradation rate of proteins. Previously research relating to protein turnover has been largely limited to average synthesis rates of protein mixtures e.g. from whole/ subfractions of muscle homogenates. This project utilises dynamic proteome profiling which combines deuterium oxide labelling and proteomic techniques with computational biology, to investigate muscle protein dynamics at the individual protein level. This work used 3 in vivo human and rodent exercise models to studying the complexity of dynamic proteome adaptation. Identifying that exercise induced adaptation can occur on the level of protein turnover, independent of classical changes in protein abundance. Which seems of particular importance in counteracting proteostatic stress (i.e. obesity and disease). Subsequently the need to investigate the relationship between protein dynamics and proteome remodelling resulted in the observation that changes in protein abundance do not follow a simple linear trajectory of adaptation. Also, protein specific synthesis rates seemingly undergo time-dependent adaptations when explaining remodelling in the context of an animal model of programmable resistance training. Finally, this thesis provides new evidence to demonstrate that human exercise training results in unique alterations in the rates of protein synthesis and degradation that is training mode and status dependent despite networks of proteins resulting in the same abundance changes. This work raises potential questions as to the extent of exercise induced adaptation explained by modulation of protein synthesis, particularly in the context of endurance training. Whereby changes in degradation are implicated as a key driver of endurance exercise induced proteome remodelling. This work represents some of the first of its kind to present novel details as to the potential roles of protein synthesis, degradation, and turnover rate in modulating differences in skeletal muscle health and function induced by exercise. / Thesis / Candidate in Philosophy

An environmentally friendly, and contamination free process for etching and cleaning semiconductors is critical to future of the IC industry. Under the right conditions, water has the ability to meet these requirements. Water becomes more reactive as a function of temperature in part because the number of hydronium and hydroxyl ions increase. As water approaches its boiling point, the concentration of these species increases over seven times their concentrations at room temperature. At 150 °C, when the liquid state is maintained, these concentrations increase 15 times over room temperature. Due to its enhanced reactivity, high temperature water (HTW) has been studied as an etch and clean of thermally grown SiO2, Si3N4, and low-k films. High temperature deuterium oxide (HT-D2O) behaves similarly to HTW; however, it dissociates an order of magnitude less than HTW resulting in an equivalent reduction in reactive species. This allowed for the effects of reactive specie concentration on etch rate to be studied, providing valuable insight into how HTW compares to other high temperature wet etching processes such as hot phosphoric acid (HPA). Characterization was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to determine chemical changes due to etching, spectroscopic ellipsometry to determine film thickness, profilometry to measure thickness change across the samples, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle to measure changes in wetting behavior, and UV-Vis spectroscopy to measure dissolved silica in post etch water. HTW has demonstrated the ability to effective etch both SiO2 and Si3N4, HT-D2O also showed similar etch rates of Si3N4 indicating that a threshold reactive specie concentration is needed to maximize etch rate at a given temperature and additional reactive species do not further increase the etch rate. Because HTW has no hazardous byproducts, high temperature water could become a more environmentally friendly etchant of SiO2 and Si3N4 thin films.