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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Ferrites grown in a glassy or ceramic matrix

Borgeaud, Timothy Lee January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
2

Devitrification Kinetics and Optical Stability of Optical Fibers at High Temperatures

Yakusheva, Anastasia A. 07 June 2018 (has links)
Reliable sensing and monitoring systems based on optical fibers operating at high temperatures and in harsh environments are of high demand. One of the limitations of such systems is the devitrification of the fused silica based core and cladding glass at elevated temperatures. Crystallites can nucleate on the surface of the cladding and grow into the core. The formation of these crystalline flaws in the optical fiber causes stress concentration and extrinsic optical scattering and in addition leads to decreased mechanical properties and reduced optical stability. Commercial optical fibers of different compositions and core-cladding design were characterized in this study with respect to crystallization rate under various conditions. The optical stability was monitored with an optical spectrum analyzer. The crystallites were characterized with SEM and optical microscopy. The activation energies of crystallization for High OH and Low OH multimode fibers were estimated by measuring the crystal growth rate at different temperatures. The residual stress resulting from the formation of the crystals, which can lead to decreased mechanical performance of the fibers, was characterized with polarized light optical microscopy. The influence of water vapor in the atmosphere on the crystallization rate was determined. The features induced in the attenuation spectra were consistent with hydroxyl (OH) absorption peak. Spectral features such as thermal emission and hydroxyl absorption bands are discussed. The results obtained in this study can be used for selecting optical fibers for high temperature applications. / Master of Science / Reliable sensing and monitoring systems based on glass optical fibers operating at high temperatures and in harsh environments are in high demand. One of the limitations of such systems is the tendency of glass material to crystallize at elevated temperatures. Crystallites can nucleate on the surface of the fiber and grow inwards, impairing the optical and mechanical properties of the optical fiber. The formation of these crystalline flaws in the optical fiber can decrease the mechanical strength by causing stress concentrations and leading to formation of cracks, and reduce optical stability by causing light to scatter from the crystals. Commercial optical fibers of different compositions and geometry were characterized in this study with respect to crystal growth rate under various conditions, such as different temperatures (400-1350 °C), and different atmospheres (laboratory air and water vapor). The effect of crystals was demonstrated with respect to optical and mechanical performance. The results obtained in this study can be used for selecting optical fibers for high temperature applications.
3

Investigation of the Combined Effects of Simultaneous Heating and Bending of Silica Optical Fiber

Birri, Anthony 15 August 2018 (has links)
No description available.
4

Formação de nanocristais de hidroxiapatita durante a síntese de um biovidro quartanário do tipo SiO2.Na2O.CaO.P2O5 via sol-gel / Formation of hidroxiapatite nanocrystals during the synthesis of a sol-gel derived quaternary bioglass SiO2.Na2O.CaO.P2O5

Santos, Silmara Caldas 29 April 2016 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The sol-gel process used in obtaining bioactive glasses provide suitable conditions for the precipitation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals below the glass transition temperature (Tg), even before they were immersed in biological fluids. However, because it is an ordering short, there is a great difficulty in proving its existence via the usual methods of characterization.There is evidence that the sol-gel process used to obtain bioactive glasses provides), and even before being immersed in biological fluids. Because of its short-range order, there is a great difficulty in proving its existence via the usual methods of characterization. Thus, the aim of this study was to understand the process involved in the formation of this nanocrystalline phase on the bioactive glass using Rietveld refinement on data from X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); and how this glass behave on dissolution/precipitation essays. In addition, MgO oxide was used as probe to confirm the presence of apatite phase. Nanocrystalline apatite domains were observed after thermal treatment, even at temperatures below the Tg. The formation of this phase is directly related to the initial separation of calcium nitrate and triethyl phosphate (TEP) from amorphous silicate clusters during the drying process. After heat treatment at 300oC, calcium nitrate is decomposed and calcite formed. Subsequently, calcite is decarburized, and the remaining phosphate groups react with calcium, increasing the amount of nanocrystalline apatite domains. Above the Tg, the crystallinity of these phases is increased, other phases such combeita and β-cristobalite are easily identified among the products crystallization, occurring in independent events. Therefore, it was possible to propose a mechanism for crystallization of apatite below the Tg became clear that the sol-gel process produces, in fact, suitable conditions for crystallization even during the initial formation of bioglass at low temperatures and without any contact with biological fluids. The dissolution assay showed that there is no apparent change for different levels of MgO inserted, and that along the immersion period, the glass will decompose with the release of SiO44- while an apatite layer is being formed on the surface by deposition Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43-. / O processo sol-gel utilizado na obtenção de biovidros proporciona condições adequadas para o ordenamento de nanocristais de hidroxiapatita abaixo da temperatura de transição vítrea (Tg), antes mesmo de serem imersos em fluidos biológicos. No entanto, por se tratar de um ordenamento de curta distância, há uma grande dificuldade em se comprovar sua existência via métodos usuais de caracterização. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi entender o processo envolvido na formação dessa fase nanocristalina no biovidro usando refinamento Rietveld sobre dados de difração de raios X e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão de alta resolução (HRTEM); e como esse vidro se comporta em ensaios de bioatividade, através de ensaio de dissolução/precipitação. Além disso, MgO foi usado como óxido sonda para a confirmação da presença da fase apatita. Domínios de apatita nanocristalina foram observados após tratamento térmico, mesmo em temperaturas abaixo da Tg. A formação desta fase está diretamente associada à segregação inicial de nitrato de cálcio e trietilfosfato (TEP) a partir dos clusters de silicato amorfo durante o processo de secagem. Após o tratamento térmico à 300oC, o nitrato de cálcio é decomposto e a calcita formada. Posteriormente, a calcita é descarbonizada, e os grupos fosfato restantes reagem com o cálcio, aumentando a quantidade de domínios de apatita nanocristalina. Acima da Tg, a cristalinidade destas fases aumenta, e outras fases como combeita e cristobalita do tipo beta são facilmente identificadas entre os produtos de cristalização, ocorrendo em eventos independentes. Portanto, foi possível propor um mecanismo para a cristalização de uma apatita abaixo da Tg ficando claro que o processo sol-gel gera, de fato, condições adequadas para a cristalização, mesmo durante a formação inicial do biovidro em baixas temperaturas e sem qualquer contato com fluidos biológicos. O ensaio de dissolução mostrou que não há variação aparente para diferentes teores de MgO inserido, e que ao longo do período de imersão, o vidro vai se decompondo com liberação de SiO44- ao passo que uma camada de apatita vai se formando na superfície pela deposição de Ca2+, PO43- e Mg2+.
5

Micro- and Nano-Scale Corrosion in Iron-Based Bulk Metallic Glass Sam 1651 and Silver-cored MP35N Lt Composite

Ha, Hung M. January 2010 (has links)
No description available.
6

Síntese,cristalização e caracterização de vidros do sistema TiO2-BaO-B2O3 / Synthesis, crystallization and characterization of TiO2-BaO-B2O3 glassy system

Feitosa, Carlos Alberto Carneiro 12 April 2004 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo o estudo sistemático da obtenção da fase beta-BaB204 (beta-BBO) a partir de uma fase vítrea do sistema BaO-B2O3-TiO2. Foram estudadas amostras contendo entre 4 e 16% de TiO2. A avaliação das propriedades térmicas, estruturais e microestruturais das amostras foi realizada empregando as técnicas de Analise Térmica Diferencial (DTA), Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Microscopia óptica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia Raman, Absorção e Transmissão óptica no Infravermelho, Espectroscopia de Absorção de Raios-X (XAS) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN). O coeficiente de Geração de Segundo Harmônico (GSH) foi obtido através das medidas do loci de casamento de fase e da Franja de Maker. O estudo do processo de cristalização revelou que em todas as amostras prevaleceu o mecanismo de cristalização superficial. Nas amostras contendo 4 e 8% de TiO2 foi observada a cristalização da fase beta-BBO enquanto que nas amostras contendo 15 e 16% de TiO2, foi observado que o processo de cristalização se inicia pela fase BaTi(BO3)2 e que somente após longos tempos de tratamento, a fase beta-BBO se toma a fase predominante. A identificação da fase BaTi(BO3) somente foi possível com a utilização da técnica de Espectroscopia Raman. O estudo da estrutura local através das técnicas de XAS e RMN mostrou que a estrutura local ao redor dos átomos de titânio, bário e boro nas amostras cristalizadas é pouco afetada quando a quantidade de TiO2 passa de 4 para 16%. A análise dos resultados da medida de geração de segundo harmônico mostrou que nas amostras contendo uma camada da superfície cristalizada, o valor do coeficiente de geração de segundo harmônico (deff) é equivalente ao do quartzo monocristalino e na amostra contendo 16% de TiO2, corresponde a 70% do valor observado na fase beta-BBO em sua forma monocristalina / This work consists of a systematic study of the beta-BaB2O4 (beta-BBO) crystalline phase obtained from the BaO-B2O3-TiO2 glass system containing amounts of titanium varying from 4 to 16 mol%. The thermal, structural and microstructural properties of the samples were evaluated by the following techniques: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy, Infrared Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) coefficient (def) was obtained from the phase matching Loci and Maker fringe curves. A study of the crystallization process revealed that the surface crystallization mechanism predominated in each of the samples. Only the beta-BBO phase was observed in the samples containing 4 and 8 mol% of TiO2. However, in the samples containing 15 and 16 mol% of TiO2, crystallization of the BaTi(BO3)2 occurred first and was followed by crystallization of the P-BBO phase, which subsequently became the main phase as the period of heat treatment increased. The identification of the BaTi(BO3)2 phase in the early stage of the crystallization process was only possible by using the Raman spectroscopy technique. Based on the results obtained from the XAS and NMR techniques, it was found that the increasing the titanium concentration does not affect significantly the short-range order around Ti, Ba and B atoms. An analysis of the SHG data obtained from the crystallized surface of the glassy samples indicated that the SHG coefficient, def, was comparable to that of the z-quartz monocrystalline sample and, in the sample containing 16 mol% of TiO2, it corresponded to 70% of the value observed for the monocrystalline beta-BBO sample
7

Síntese,cristalização e caracterização de vidros do sistema TiO2-BaO-B2O3 / Synthesis, crystallization and characterization of TiO2-BaO-B2O3 glassy system

Carlos Alberto Carneiro Feitosa 12 April 2004 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como principal objetivo o estudo sistemático da obtenção da fase beta-BaB204 (beta-BBO) a partir de uma fase vítrea do sistema BaO-B2O3-TiO2. Foram estudadas amostras contendo entre 4 e 16% de TiO2. A avaliação das propriedades térmicas, estruturais e microestruturais das amostras foi realizada empregando as técnicas de Analise Térmica Diferencial (DTA), Difração de Raios-X (DRX), Microscopia óptica (MO), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), Espectroscopia Raman, Absorção e Transmissão óptica no Infravermelho, Espectroscopia de Absorção de Raios-X (XAS) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN). O coeficiente de Geração de Segundo Harmônico (GSH) foi obtido através das medidas do loci de casamento de fase e da Franja de Maker. O estudo do processo de cristalização revelou que em todas as amostras prevaleceu o mecanismo de cristalização superficial. Nas amostras contendo 4 e 8% de TiO2 foi observada a cristalização da fase beta-BBO enquanto que nas amostras contendo 15 e 16% de TiO2, foi observado que o processo de cristalização se inicia pela fase BaTi(BO3)2 e que somente após longos tempos de tratamento, a fase beta-BBO se toma a fase predominante. A identificação da fase BaTi(BO3) somente foi possível com a utilização da técnica de Espectroscopia Raman. O estudo da estrutura local através das técnicas de XAS e RMN mostrou que a estrutura local ao redor dos átomos de titânio, bário e boro nas amostras cristalizadas é pouco afetada quando a quantidade de TiO2 passa de 4 para 16%. A análise dos resultados da medida de geração de segundo harmônico mostrou que nas amostras contendo uma camada da superfície cristalizada, o valor do coeficiente de geração de segundo harmônico (deff) é equivalente ao do quartzo monocristalino e na amostra contendo 16% de TiO2, corresponde a 70% do valor observado na fase beta-BBO em sua forma monocristalina / This work consists of a systematic study of the beta-BaB2O4 (beta-BBO) crystalline phase obtained from the BaO-B2O3-TiO2 glass system containing amounts of titanium varying from 4 to 16 mol%. The thermal, structural and microstructural properties of the samples were evaluated by the following techniques: Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy, Infrared Optical Absorption Spectroscopy, X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) coefficient (def) was obtained from the phase matching Loci and Maker fringe curves. A study of the crystallization process revealed that the surface crystallization mechanism predominated in each of the samples. Only the beta-BBO phase was observed in the samples containing 4 and 8 mol% of TiO2. However, in the samples containing 15 and 16 mol% of TiO2, crystallization of the BaTi(BO3)2 occurred first and was followed by crystallization of the P-BBO phase, which subsequently became the main phase as the period of heat treatment increased. The identification of the BaTi(BO3)2 phase in the early stage of the crystallization process was only possible by using the Raman spectroscopy technique. Based on the results obtained from the XAS and NMR techniques, it was found that the increasing the titanium concentration does not affect significantly the short-range order around Ti, Ba and B atoms. An analysis of the SHG data obtained from the crystallized surface of the glassy samples indicated that the SHG coefficient, def, was comparable to that of the z-quartz monocrystalline sample and, in the sample containing 16 mol% of TiO2, it corresponded to 70% of the value observed for the monocrystalline beta-BBO sample

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