BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes disproportionately affects Aboriginal peoples in Canada. Supportive care, comprised of services, resources or support designed to improve the quality of life for persons with diabetes is an important part of the diabetes management system. Diabetes Education Centres (DECs) provide support and education to patients diagnosed with diabetes. There is currently no comprehensive description of diabetes supportive care programs available to Aboriginal populations through DECs, nor is there information about the cultural relevance of such programs. PURPOSE: To document and describe the nature, scope, variation and cultural content in diabetes supportive care services and resources available to Aboriginal persons through Diabetes Education Centres (DECs) in Ontario. Findings from this project will be used to develop recommendations for government agencies that fund DECs and DEC program managers and employees. METHODS: Diabetes care providers (n=56) identified as serving Aboriginal clients were systematically surveyed by telephone in order to document and describe the nature and variation of diabetes supportive care services available to Aboriginal persons with diabetes. Quantitative and qualitative questionnaire items were used to examine strategies used to enhance cultural relevance of diabetes programs, services, and resources. Quantitative results were analyzed in SPSS and Microsoft Excel, while qualitative responses were recorded, transcribed, and imported into NVivo 8 where inductive and deductive content analysis was performed. RESULTS: Findings from the quantitative analyses revealed that the use of cultural strategies varied according to client place of residence and DEC client volume. Integration of cultural strategies was more common for (a) DECs serving an on-reserve clientele, compared to DECs serving an off-reserve clientele; and (b) DECs serving a higher volume of Aboriginal clients. Qualitative analyses revealed differences in (a) program delivery methods for Aboriginal clients, and (b) perceived barriers to providing Aboriginal clients with effective diabetes care. CONCLUSION: Now that we know many Ontario DECs are trying to integrate cultural strategies to various degrees, research efforts can attempt to connect culturally relevant diabetes programs to client outcomes. A positive relationship would have important policy and practice implications. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2008-12-15 09:31:12.102

Compared to other Canadians, Aboriginal people suffer disproportionately from Type 2 diabetes and its complications. In an attempt to fill gaps in services for Aboriginal people to support better management of diabetes and to prevent further complications, the West Side Community Clinic launched a monthly outreach diabetes education program using an informal hands-on approach to learning about meal planning and other forms of diabetes management. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the impact that the program has had on the participants' health and well-being through the stories they shared in a group or individual interview. Out of the core group of 30 women, most of them Aboriginal, eleven participated in the group interview and five women participated in individual interviews.<p>Findings reveal that the program's impact on participants' health and well-being is embedded within the context of their lives. Diabetes is managed within multiple life realities in an individual, a familial and a community context. The women report learning management skills and sharing support among participants and staff of Diabetes Morning; and altered health status such as regulated blood glucose levels and weight loss. Opportunities for change include more programming like Diabetes Morning, more often, more information, access to low-cost diabetes-friendly foods, communication with health care practitioners, and integrating knowledge on a day-to-day basis. Domains for outcome indicators and contextual indicators are suggested for the program.

Compared to other Canadians, Aboriginal people suffer disproportionately from Type 2 diabetes and its complications. In an attempt to fill gaps in services for Aboriginal people to support better management of diabetes and to prevent further complications, the West Side Community Clinic launched a monthly outreach diabetes education program using an informal hands-on approach to learning about meal planning and other forms of diabetes management. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine the impact that the program has had on the participants' health and well-being through the stories they shared in a group or individual interview. Out of the core group of 30 women, most of them Aboriginal, eleven participated in the group interview and five women participated in individual interviews.<p>Findings reveal that the program's impact on participants' health and well-being is embedded within the context of their lives. Diabetes is managed within multiple life realities in an individual, a familial and a community context. The women report learning management skills and sharing support among participants and staff of Diabetes Morning; and altered health status such as regulated blood glucose levels and weight loss. Opportunities for change include more programming like Diabetes Morning, more often, more information, access to low-cost diabetes-friendly foods, communication with health care practitioners, and integrating knowledge on a day-to-day basis. Domains for outcome indicators and contextual indicators are suggested for the program.

Adherence to the health care advice is essential to prevent or minimize acute and long term conditions. Non-adherence to medical advice among people with diabetes is a common problem in every community. This study examined the diabetes knowledge (DKT), self-efficacy (CIDS) and other factors that enhance adherence to treatment and management of the condition in Libya. The study revealed that many Libyans with diabetes showed a low level of diabetes knowledge and did not generally adhere to their diabetes self-care regimen except for the medication regimen of taking tablets and/or insulin. The thesis concludes that various factors may explain poor adherence and the lower level of HbA1c level in this study. These include: self-efficacy about the management of the condition; duration of illness; type of treatment; cognitive factors; culture and social support; economic factors; stressful lifestyle; and health care services delivery. This study points to a need to improve health care services for diabetes, particularly health education, with more focus placed on socio-cultural and psychological aspects.

Aim of the study. To assess the organization possibilities and evaluate the quality of diabetes education in outpatient clinic. Methods. The anonymous questionnaire survey was performed among adult diabetic patients in Kaunas Dainava outpatient clinic in october-December, 2005. 500 questionnaire were given to the patients, the responce rate was 354 patients (70.8 %). The data was analysed by application of statistical package SPSS 12.0 for Windows. The associations between the variables were measured using the Chi-squared (χ²) test. Results. The positive evaluation of diabetes education in Kaunas Dainava outpatient clinic was given by 73.7 % of patients. 98.3 % believed that diabetes education is necessary. 77.9 % knew about diabetes, 80.8 % - were aware of fasting glycaemia criteria, 95.3 % - glycaemia in untreated patients. 82.2 % understood the importance of diet and it‘s ingredients (90.6 %). Less than a half (40.4 %) were aware of glycated hemoglobin and importance of postprandial glycaemia. Only 33.2 % of those taught in „Diabetes school“ had adequate diabetes control. The target glycated hemoglobin was reached in 42.1 % of thosewho attended the inpatient „Diabetes school“ and only in 22.5 % of those who didn‘t. Diabetes complications have been diagnosed in 43.7 % of those whose glycated hemoglobin ≤ 7 % and in 76.2 % of those whose glycated hemoglobin > 7 %. Conclusions. Diabetes education in Kaunas Dainava outpatient clinic is not sistematic organized, the time of... [to full text]

Diabetes is a worldwide epidemic, especially as the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes has increased in recent years. Minorities are disproportionately affected by the disease and, at the same time, often have less access to resources including medication and education. The Emory Latino Diabetes Education Program (ELDEP) is a culturally component diabetes education program aimed at promoting increased knowledge about diabetes disease management within the Latino population of metropolitan Atlanta. The program considers cultural competence and acculturation theory in its learning structure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate ELDEP’s effectiveness in increasing knowledge of diabetes, healthy behaviors, and disease management in the study population. The study evaluated changes in knowledge for those participants who attended only the initial intervention and those patients who attended both the initial session and at least one follow-up intervention. Data was collected through a selfreport questionnaire completed by patients at the beginning of each intervention session. The results of this study indicate that specific participant characteristics may be associated with attendance at follow-up sessions. Participant knowledge about certain factors related to diabetes also increased. Based on these results, recommendations will be made to the program staff at ELDEP.

No description available.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a heterogeneous metabolic disease impacting more than 8.3% of adults in the United States. Diabetes-related care accounts for more than 11% of all patient care expenditures. The purpose of this project was to identify the primary concerns of members of the T2DM patient population in an underserved clinic in rural southcentral United States and to make recommendations for a staff diabetes education program to address these concerns. Orem's theory of self care outlined the importance of educating and supporting patients in their efforts to manage their own healthcare. Knowles's assumptions of how adult's learn guided the design and provided guidelines for the planning and implementation of the education program. The practice-focused question explored the major concerns of T2DM patients receiving care at the primary care clinic. Clinic providers completed the Diabetic Care Concern Assessment (DCCA) with all adult patients (n = 45) diagnosed with T2DM during primary care patient visits. DCCA responses were placed on an excel spreadsheet and analyzed for themes. Major themes from qualitative analysis of participant responses included fear of the disease, managing daily diabetes control, having additional education on diabetes, learning more about control strategies for diabetes, and helping with daily diabetes management. Findings will promote positive social change at the clinic as providers target specific concerns of their individual patients. T2DM patients may experience improved quality of life as they become empowered to manage their disease. The education program will also lead to the development and implementation of patient treatment plans that potentially decrease complications associated with diabetes.

Background: As the diabetes (DM) epidemic in Canada continues to grow, the need to provide diabetes self-management education (DSME) becomes increasingly important. Research has shown that DSME can improve both physiological and behavioural outcomes in individuals with DM. Diabetes educators (DE) play an essential role in providing DSME to individuals with DM. Although considered an important role in the care of individuals with DM, the DE role is not well described in Ontario. Building a province-wide description of DEs’ role would outline the role of DE in Ontario is enacted, and suggest possible areas for improvement. The specific objectives of this study are: a) To describe the demographic characteristics of DEs in Ontario; b) To identify the structures, processes, and outcomes associated with the role of DEs; c) To identify the facilitators and barriers to providing DSME in Ontario; d) To identify the association between key characteristics of DEs (profession, education, certification, practice-setting, and DM-specific training) and the structures, processes and outcomes of this role. Methods: This cross-sectional study used an online questionnaire, the Diabetes Educator Questionnaire (DEQ). The DEQ was developed using the International Standards for Diabetes Education and Donabedian’s framework to examine the structures, processes and outcomes associated with the role of DEs. The study consisted of three sequential phases: (1) pre-testing the questionnaire in a tertiary care diabetes program, (2) pilot testing the questionnaire to a single Diabetes Educator Section (DES) chapter of the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA), and (3) administering the DEQ to the remaining DES chapters across Ontario. The online questionnaire was created using LIME survey, an open source survey program housed at McMaster University. Data were downloaded, cleaned, and analyzed using statistical and geographical mapping software. Results: The DEQ demonstrated both face and content validity. A total of 178 out of an estimated 600 DEs across Ontario responded to the DEQ, for an overall response rate of 30%. The respondents consisted of 61 registered nurses, 94 registered dietitians, 18 pharmacists, and 4 nurse practitioners, and 1 undescribed. The majority (85%) of respondents were CDEs. Insufficient time, and organizational/management support were the two most common barriers to implementation of the role of the DE. Significant differences (p value greater than 0.05) in how DSME was provided and the use of outcomes were observed for profession, level of education, and practice setting. Limitations: With a low response rate, conclusions cannot be drawn from this study. Being an anonymous study, intra-rater reliability could not be performed. Conclusions: This study shows that the DEQ serves as a feasible tool to explore the role of DEs in Ontario, however, improved recruitment strategies are necessary before further research is performed. The study provides a foundational description of DEs across Ontario, generating possible hypotheses for future research. / Thesis / Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)

Estudo quanti-qualitativo realizado no Centro Educativo de Enfermagem para Adultos e Idosos, em 2004, com os objetivos de identificar os fatores que influenciam o comportamento de pessoas diabéticas acerca dos cuidados essenciais com os pés, com vista à prevenção do pé diabético e verificar a discrepância entre conhecimento e comportamento acerca destes cuidados essenciais com os pés. O referencial metodológico baseou-se no modelo Predisponing, Reinforcing and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evoluation – PRECEDE. Participaram 55 pessoas diabéticas, que atenderam os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Utilizou-se para a coleta de dados formulário, questionários e entrevista semiestruturada. Em relação ao diagnóstico social e epidemiológico obtivemos que a maioria dos sujeitos é do sexo feminino; na faixa etária de 60 a 79 anos; com diabetes do tipo 2; o tempo de diagnóstico variou de 6 a 10 anos; com grau de instrução e poder aquisitivo baixos; e condições de moradia satisfatórias. Quanto ao tratamento, todos os sujeitos referiram seguir um plano alimentar; 65% realizavam atividade física; 74,5% utilizavam agente oral e 36,4% insulina. No que se refere as comorbidades 70,9% apresentavam hipertensão arterial; 50,9% catarata; 23,6% retinopatia; 30,9% doença vascular periférica e 63,4% obesidade. Os valores de glicemia, colesterol, triglicérides e hemoglobina glicada A1c estavam acima do limite superior do método. As alterações neuropáticas, circulatórias e dermatolocais mais significativas foram: o ressecamento, a fissura, o dedo em garra; a acentuação do arco plantar; a elevação do dorso plantar; os calos; a cãibra, o adormecimento; o formigamento; a ausência de sensibilidade; a alteração da mobilidade articular; as varizes; o edema; a onicomicose; a unha encravada e corte inadequado das unhas. Em relação ao diagnóstico comportamental e educacional houve discrepância entre o comportamento e o conhecimento em relação aos cuidados essenciais com os pés. Os comportamentos adequados foram: secagem dos espaços interdigitais; uso de calçados macios e confortáveis; não utilização de bolsa de água quente; verificação do calçado antes de usá-los; não andar descalço. Os conhecimentos corretos mostraram que os sujeitos reconhecem a importância: do exame diário dos pés; do corte de unhas adequado; de lavar os pés diariamente; de não andar descalço e de secar os espaços interdigitais. A análise qualitativa dos dados possibilitou identificar três categorias analíticas a percepção das pessoas diabéticas frente às complicações nos pés advindas do diabetes, o significado da descoberta e vivência do diabetes; e a influência dos referentes sociais. Estas categorias nos permitiram identificar as crenças comportamentais e normativas que influenciam o comportamento de pessoas diabéticas acerca dos cuidados essenciais com os pés. Entre as crenças encontramos: retardo na cicatrização de feridas; o diabetes leva ao desequilíbrio emocional, psicológico e físico; o homem é mais descuidado que a mulher; a amputação é o fim da vida; a expressão pé diabético é uma alerta constante;hidratar os pés é coisa de mulher; grupo de educação em diabetes como fonte de aprendizado; os pares ajudam e encorajam e a família (cônjuge, filhos, parceiros) interfere positiva e negativamente. / This quanti-qualitative study was carried out at a Nursing Education Center for Adults and Elderly in 2004 and aimed to identify what factors influence diabetic patients’ essential foot care behavior, with a view to diabetic foot prevention, as well as to verify the discrepancy between knowledge and behavior related to essential foot care. The methodological reference framework was based on the PRECEDE model - Predisposing, Reinforcing and Enabling Causes in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation. Study participants were 55 diabetes patients who met inclusion criteria. Data were collected by means of forms, questionnaires and semistructured interviews. In terms of social and epidemiological diagnosis, most subjects were women between 60 and 79 years old; type 2 diabetes patients; diagnosis time ranged from 6 to 10 years; education level and purchasing power were low; and housing conditions were satisfactory. All subjects mentioned they followed a food plan; 65% did physical activity; 74.5% used an oral agent and 36.4% insulin. With respect to comorbidities, 70.9% suffered from arterial hypertension; 50.9% cataract; 23.6% retinopathy; 30.9% peripheral vascular disease and 63.4% obesity. Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and glycated hemoglobin A1c levels exceeded upper limits. The most important neuropathic, circulatory and dermatological alterations were: dry skin, fissure, claw toe; plantar arch accentuation; plantar dorsum elevation; calluses; cramp, numbness; formication; lack of sensitivity; articular mobility alteration; varicose veins; edema; a onychomycosis; ingrown nails and inadequate nail cutting. What the behavioral and educational diagnosis is concerned, we found a discrepancy between essential foot care behavior and knowledge. Adequate behavior included: drying the area between toes; using soft and comfortable shoes; not using hot-water bottle; checking shoes before wearing them; not walking barefoot. Correct knowledge showed that the participants recognize the importance of: daily foot examination; adequate nail cutting; washing feet daily; not walking barefoot and drying the skin between toes. Qualitative data analysis allowed us to identify three analytic categories: diabetes patients’ perception of foot complications as a result of diabetes, the meaning of discovering and living with diabetes; and the influence of social relations. Through these categories, we managed to identify the behavioral and normative beliefs that influence diabetes patients’ essential foot care behavior. These beliefs include delayed wound healing; diabetes leads to emotional, psychological and physical unbalance; men take less care than women; amputation means the end of life; the term diabetic foot is a constant alert; only women hydrate their feet; diabetes education group as a source of learning; peers help and encourage and the family (husband/wife, children, partners) interfere positive and negatively.