Failure of underground cable on San Diego Gas & Electric's electric underground distribution system is an ever increasing problem. While there are a great number of cable diagnostic techniques available, none lend themselves to both an averaged and location specific, on-line implementation. This dissertation demonstrates the development of an on-line suitable technique that utilizes transients and Fast Fourier Transforms to determine a cable section?s impedance magnitude and phase angle as a function of frequency. Simultaneously a theoretical model was developed to simulate various scenarios that an in-service cable might experience. Significant effort was expended developing and optimizing the measurement and data analysis technique. This includes a statistical approach for comparing performance of different cable samples. Both the preliminary and final tests demonstrated the superiority of the frequency domain analysis over comparisons in the time domain. With the effort to date, there appears to be three distinct results: good cable, degraded cable and damaged cable. These differences are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. Additionally, there appears to be good agreement between the theoretical model and actual test results. Consequently, this measurement methodology continues to hold promise for future practical development.

No description available.

No description available.

Due to their scientific significance and practical applications, turbulent flows and flames have been under extensive and intensive research for a long time. Turbulent flows and flames of interests to practice inherently have three-dimensional (3D) spatial structures, and therefore diagnostic techniques that can instantaneously resolve their 3D spatial features have long been desired and probably are needed to ultimately answer some of the open research questions. The goal of this dissertation thus is to investigate such diagnostics and demonstrate their capability and limitations in a range of turbulent flows/flames. To accomplish this goal, this dissertation developed and evaluated the following three diagnostic methods: tomographic chemiluminescence (TC), volumetric laser induced fluorescence (VLIF), and super-resolution planar laser induced fluorescence (SR-PLIF). First, 3D flame topography of well-controlled laboratory flames was measured with TC method and validated by a simultaneous 2D Mie scattering measurement. The results showed that the flame topography obtained from TC and the Mie scattering agreed qualitatively, but quantitative difference on the order of millimeter was observed between these two methods. Such difference was caused by the limitations of the TC method. The first limitation involves TC's reliance on chemiluminescence of nascent radicals (mainly CH*) in reacting flows, causing ambiguity in the definition of flame front and limiting its applications to certain types of reactive flow only. The second limitation involves TC's inability to study an isolated region of interest because the chemiluminescence is emitted everywhere in the flame. Based on the above understanding of the TC technique, the second part of this dissertation studied a VLIF method to overcome the above limitations of the TC technique. Compared with the TC technique, the VLIF method can be used in either reacting or non-reacting flow and on any particular region of interest. In the VLIF technique, the fluorescence signal was generated by exciting a target species with a laser slab of certain thickness. The signal was recorded by cameras from different perspectives, and then a VLIF tomographic algorithm was applied to resolve the spatial distribution of the concentration of the target species. An innovative 3D VLIF algorithm was proposed and validated by well-designed experiment. This model enables analysis of VLIF performance in terms of signal level, size of the field of view in 3D, and accuracy. However, due to the limited number of views and the tomographic reconstruction itself, the spatial resolution of VLIF methods is limited. Hence, the third part of this dissertation investigated a SR-PLIF method to provide a strategy to improve the spatial resolution in two spatial directions, and also to extend the measurement range of scanning 3D imaging strategies. The SR-PLIF method used planar images captured simultaneously from two (or more) orientations to reconstruct a final image with resolution enhanced or blurring removed. Both the development of SR algorithm, and the experimental demonstration of the SR-PLIF method were reported. / Ph. D. / Optical diagnostics have become indispensable tools for the study of the turbulent flows and flames. Due to the inherently 3D structure of turbulent flows and flames, diagnostic techniques which can provide 3D measurements have been long desired. Therefore, this dissertation reports the development of three optics diagnostic methods that can provide such measurement capability, with a detailed discussion of their capabilities and limitations. The methods studied are tomographic chemiluminescence (TC), volumetric laser-induced fluorescence (VLIF), and super-resolution planar laser induced fluorescence (SR-PLIF). For the TC technique, the emission of light from combustion radicals (CH* and OH*) was recorded by multiple cameras placed at different orientations. A numerical algorithm was then applied to reconstruct the 3D flame structure. For the VLIF technique, a laser slab was used to excite a specific chemical species in the flame, which were captured from different perspectives to reconstruct the flow or flame structure in 3D. For the SR-PLIF technique, a series of planar images were recorded from multiple orientations to reconstruct a target image with higher resolution or to extend the measurement volume of scanning 3D diagnostics. It is expected that the results obtained in this dissertation lay the groundwork for further development and expanded application of 3D diagnostics for the study of turbulent flows and combustion processes.

The work described focuses on characterization of fluorescence dye-doped polystyrene latex particles (PSLs) dispersed in air as a candidate for advanced flow diagnostic techniques for applications in wind tunnels. PSLs with mean diameter on the order of 1 μm were provided by collaborators at NASA Langley Research Center and measurements of simultaneous Mie scattering and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) signals were obtained with the goal of providing a capability for velocity and scalar flow measurements. Three organic fluorescent dyes, Rhodamine B (RhB), Dichlorofluorescein (DCF), and Kiton Red (KR), were doped into PSLs and studied in benchtop experiments. A major interest in the present research is the application of safe dyes, thus DCF and KR are of particular interest, while RhB is used as a benchmark. The study is broken up into two major elements: response of the particles to continuous wave (CW) excitation, and response to pulsed excitation. The former was examined for mean LIF imaging and single-point single-shot measurements, the latter for planar single-shot measurements. The LIF signal has several potential uses, though the primary interest herein is the reduction of flare from wind tunnel walls which occurs at the laser excitation wavelength and the use of the fluorescence signal for sensing temperature. It is demonstrated that the LIF signal under CW excitation may be used for velocimetry with the laser-Doppler velocimetry technique, thus effective in filtering out the laser flare in the vicinity of wind tunnel models or walls. A two-band LIF technique was also demonstrated for one of the DCF batches, indicating that the technique effectively removes interfering inputs such as particle diameter and dye concentration variation. Temperature measurement uncertainties are estimated based upon the variance measured for the two-band LIF intensity ratio and the achievable dye temperature sensitivity, indicating that particles developed to date may provide about 12.5 degrees C precision. Pulsed excitation with an Nd:YAG laser at about 200mJ/pulse at 532 nm yield no fluorescence above the detection threshold of the cameras used from the DCF batch examined. However, a batch doped with Kiton Red 620 was shown to provide sufficient intensity of LIF for single-shot planar measurements such as PIV via planar LIF. The KR batch also exhibited highly non-uniform yield of fluorescence signal on a particle-to-particle basis - this despite a highly uniform Mie scattering signal. Given the uniform Mie signal and a relatively narrow Gaussian distribution of the particles size, a possible mechanism is mentioned for the LIF non-uniformity as lasing within individual particles due to whispering gallery mode resonance. / Master of Science

Optical diagnostics have become indispensable tools for the study of turbulent flows and flames. However, optical diagnostics developed in the past have been primarily limited to measurements at a point, along a line, or across a two-dimensional (2D) plane; while turbulent flows and flames are inherently four-dimensional (three-dimensional in space and transient in time). As a result, diagnostic techniques which can provide 4D measurement have been long desired. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate two of such 4D diagnostics both for the fundamental study of turbulent flow and combustion processes and also for the applied research of practical devices. These two diagnostics are respectively code named tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser induced fluorescence (VLIF). For the TC technique, the emission of light as the result of combustion (i.e. chemiluminescence) is firstly recorded by multiple cameras placed at different orientations. A numerical algorithm is then applied on the data recorded to reconstruct the 4D flame structure. For the VLIF technique, a laser is used to excite a specific species in the flow or flame. The excited species then de-excite to emit light at a wavelength longer than the laser wavelength. The emitted light is then captured by optical sensors and again, the numerical algorithm is applied to reconstruct the flow or flame structure. This dissertation describes the numerical and experimental validation of these two techniques, and explores their capabilities and limitations. It is expected that the results obtained in this dissertation lay the groundwork for further development and expanded application of 4D diagnostics for the study of turbulent flows and combustion processes. / Ph. D. / Optical diagnostics have become indispensable tools for the study of turbulent flows and flames. However, optical diagnostics developed in the past have been primarily limited to measurements at a point, along a line, or across a two-dimensional (2D) plane; while turbulent flows and flames are inherently four-dimensional (three-dimensional in space and transient in time). As a result, diagnostic techniques which can provide 4D measurement have been long desired. The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate two of such 4D diagnostics both for the fundamental study of turbulent flow and combustion processes and also for the applied research of practical devices. These two diagnostics are respectively code named tomographic chemiluminescence (TC) and volumetric laser induced fluorescence (VLIF). For the TC technique, the emission of light as the result of combustion (i.e. chemiluminescence) is firstly recorded by multiple cameras placed at different orientations. A numerical algorithm is then applied on the data recorded to reconstruct the 4D flame structure. For the VLIF technique, a laser is used to excite a specific species in the flow or flame. The excited species then de-excite to emit light at a wavelength longer than the laser wavelength. The emitted light is then captured by optical sensors and again, the numerical algorithm is applied to reconstruct the flow or flame structure. This dissertation describes the numerical and experimental validation of these two techniques, and explores their capabilities and limitations. It is expected that the results obtained in this dissertation lay the groundwork for further development and expanded application of 4D diagnostics for the study of turbulent flows and combustion processes.

Les anomalies chromosomiques peuvent être classées en anomalies de nombre et en anomalies de structure. L’identification des remaniements chromosomiques de structure est facilitée par les techniques de caryotypage à haute résolution et de cytogénétique moléculaire. L’utilisation de ces techniques a été essentielle pour la détection et la caractérisation de deux anneaux issus du même chromosome 22 diagnostiqués en période prénatale. Une amniocentèse a été effectuée à 163/7 semaines chez une femme de 39 ans pour âge maternel avancé. Après investigation, la formule chromosomique du fœtus a été déterminée: 47, XY, r(22)(p11.1p11.2), +r(22)(q11.1q13.31). L’anomalie chromosomique d’origine maternelle est survenue de novo. Le nombre de cellules foetales circulant dans le sang maternel est de 10 cellules par ml. Ce premier cas de deux anneaux constitutionnels du chromosome 22 est un exemple exceptionnel de monosomie partielle avec très peu de manifestations cliniques, malgré la richesse en gènes du segment délété. / Objective: Cytogenetic and molecular genetic characterization of two constitutional ring chromosomes 22 identified during prenatal diagnosis. Materials and Methods: A 39 year-old woman, G4P2A1, had amniocentesis at 163/7 weeks of gestation. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic studies with microsatellite analysis of the fetal and parental cells were performed. Results: The fetus had two ring chromosomes derived from chromosome 22 with three breakpoints: one located at the centromere, another, at the p11.2 subband and the third, at the q13.31 subband. The distal part of the two derivative chromosomes was lost. Then, two rings resulted: a small and a large one. The small ring was formed by joining the end of p11.2 subband to a portion of the centromere; the other by joining the second part of the centromere to the end of q13.31 subband. The male fetus presents the following karyotype: 47, XY, r(22)(p11.1p11.2), +r(22)(q11.1q13.31). The proband’s chromosome aberration occurred de novo from the maternal chromosome. At the autopsy, the fetus showed minor clinical features. The number of fetal nucleated blood cells detected in peripheral maternal circulation, showing positive signals for Y chromosome and DiGeorge/VCF.TUPLE1 probes and absence of ARSA control signal, was 10 cells per mL. Conclusion: Despite the haploinsufficiency of many active genes, the fetus showed minor congenital malformations.

Les infections respiratoires virales sont la cause de consultation médicale la plus fréquente mondialement. Les traitements antiviraux disponibles sont efficaces lorsqu'ils sont prescrits rapidement après le début des symptômes. Cependant les méthodes de diagnostic actuel sont trop lentes pour être utile lors des consultations. D est donc nécessaire de développer des tests diagnostiques rapides, sensibles, spécifiques et ubiquitaires. Ce mémoire présente mes travaux sur le développement d'un essai de diagnostic moléculaire qui combine la technologie du PCR multiplex avec une détection rapide par hybridation sur puces à ADN sur une plate-forme microfluidique (CD d'hybridation). Les virus ciblés sont les adenovirus, l'influenza B et les parainfluenza de type 4. Ces derniers sont des virus en émergence et seront traités plus en détails dans le premier chapitre du présent mémoire. Cet essai sera combiné avec d'autres essais en développement dans notre laboratoire pour détecter les quinze virus respiratoires les plus importants cliniquement.

The thesis with the topic of proposing new therapeutic materials for clients diagnosed with aphasia brings more profound understanding of separate field of speech therapy, which is aphasiology. The first part of the thesis introduces the theoretical basis to the issues of aphasia, concentrates on fundamental definition of aphasia, etiology and symptomatology. Moreover, the thesis describes the possibilities of aphasia therapy and lastly, it covers the differential diagnostics of aphasia. The second part of the thesis covers in detail the Boston Classification System of Aphasia, introduces to the reader the foundations that were the basis for the propositions of the therapeutic materials. The second part describes in detail the very process of designing therapeutic materials in general and it also provides concrete propositions of such materials with possible applications. The appendix includes examples of proposed materials, both theoretically explained and physically created for the reader to examine.

ITC/USA 2012 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Eighth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 22-25, 2012 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / The U.S. Air Force's next generation reusable booster (NGRSB) offers the opportunity for the Space Command to use intelligent equipment for decision making replacing personnel, increasing safety and mission assurance by removing decisions from program management personnel who may not have had any flight-test experience. Adding intelligence to launch vehicle and spacecraft equipment may include requiring the builder to use a prognostic and health management (PHM) program. The PHM was added to NASA's aircraft programs in 2009 and we have requested NASA HQ and NASA Marshal Space Flight Center adopt the NASA PHM in the procurement contracts used on the new Space Launch Systems, NASA's congressionally mandated replacement for the Space Shuttle. Space Vehicle Program managers often make decisions for on-orbit spacecraft without ever having on-orbit space flight experience. Intelligent equipment would have eliminated the catastrophic failures on the NASA Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia. These accidents occurred due to the lack of space vehicle subsystem engineering personnel analyzing real-time equipment telemetry presented on strip chart and video data prior to lift off during pre-launch checkout for the Space Shuttle Challenger and the lack of space vehicle real-time equipment telemetry for Columbia. The PHM requires all equipment to include analog telemetry for measuring the equipment performance and usable life determination in real-time and a prognostic analysis completed manually will identify the equipment that will fail prematurely for replacement before launch preventing catastrophic equipment failures that may cause loss of life.