Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-06-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_ls_me_arafcl.pdf: 1303580 bytes, checksum: ea2358313c16403758242dd3f5f28096 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Visto que grande parte das descrições do pretérito perfecto compuesto (PPC - Este año lo hemos pasado mal) assume um caráter generalizador, isto é, apresenta a realização da forma verbal como comum a toda América hispânica ou, quando mais específica, a grupos de países que congregam diversas regiões dialetais, propusemos um estudo mais apurado da realização deste fenômeno na Argentina, procurando descrever seu comportamento e os valores que lhe são atribuídos nas regiões dialetais do país. A escolha da Argentina decorre, fundamentalmente, da impressão que tínhamos da existência de comportamentos diferentes conforme as zonas do país observadas e da inexistência de análises sistemáticas que descrevessem e comparassem o uso do PPC nas regiões dialetais argentinas. A fim de obter essas informações, analisamos entrevistas radiofônicas de uma importante cidade de cada região dialetal, pois acreditamos que este gênero discursivo pode propiciar um contexto linguístico adequado para o uso do PPC, além, é claro, de resgatar uma fala mais espontânea e menos monitorada. Por sua vez, nossa perspectiva analítica orientou-se por uma visão social da linguagem unida a pressupostos da Dialetologia, isso para possibilitar a compreensão da diversificação no uso do PPC nas diferentes regiões dialetais como uma resposta à relação imbicada que existe entre o homem (em sociedade) e sua língua. Obtivemos, ainda, contribuições teóricas advindas dos estudos da temporalidade e aspectualidade linguísticas, isso para que pudéssemos proceder à descrição dos valores associados ao uso do perfecto compuesto. O avançar dos estudos mostrou-nos que o pretérito perfecto compuesto pode ser usado de diferentes maneiras conforme as muitas regiões onde o espanhol é falado, sobretudo por ser uma forma... / Since most of the descriptions of the Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto (PPC - Este año lo hemos pasado mal) assumesageneralizingcharacter, that is, it presents the realization of the verbal form as common for all Hispanic America or, more specifically, for groups of countries that congregate different dialectal regions. We proposed a meticulous study of the realization of this phenomenon in Argentina, aiming to describe its usage and the valuesassigned to itin the dialectregionsof the country. The choiceof Argentinawas based fundamentallyontheimpression aboutthe existence of different conductswithin thedistricts of the countryand the lack ofsystematic analysisto describe andcomparethe use ofPPCin theArgentine dialectregions.In order toobtaininformation, we analyzed radiointerviewsof a majorcity in eachdialectregion, since we believethat this radiogenrecan providean appropriate linguistic context to analyze the use of thePPC. Furthermore,it suppliesamore spontaneousand lessmonitored speech. We also obtainedtheoretical contributorsarisingfrom the study oftemporary and aspectual linguistics, so thatwe couldproceed with thedescription of the valuesassociated with the use of Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto. Theprogressof the studiesshowedthatthe Pretérito Perfecto Compuestocan beused in different waysaccording tomany regionswhere Spanishis spoken, especially because it isanaturally polissemic form.Specifically relating to Argentina, we found, in general, the existenceof the values of present-perfect, immediate past,results, experience,persistence,absolute past and preterit perfect occurring in thecorpus wecompiled.However, asweturn towardsthe specific analysisof each dialecticregionsof the country,wenotethatall valuesare not always presented and not all carry the same intensity.Thus, view... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Rosane de Andrade Berlinck / Banca: Maria Mercedes Riveiro Quintans Sebold / Banca: Rosa Yokota / Resumo: Visto que grande parte das descrições do pretérito perfecto compuesto (PPC - Este año lo hemos pasado mal) assume um caráter generalizador, isto é, apresenta a realização da forma verbal como comum a toda América hispânica ou, quando mais específica, a grupos de países que congregam diversas regiões dialetais, propusemos um estudo mais apurado da realização deste fenômeno na Argentina, procurando descrever seu comportamento e os valores que lhe são atribuídos nas regiões dialetais do país. A escolha da Argentina decorre, fundamentalmente, da impressão que tínhamos da existência de comportamentos diferentes conforme as zonas do país observadas e da inexistência de análises sistemáticas que descrevessem e comparassem o uso do PPC nas regiões dialetais argentinas. A fim de obter essas informações, analisamos entrevistas radiofônicas de uma importante cidade de cada região dialetal, pois acreditamos que este gênero discursivo pode propiciar um contexto linguístico adequado para o uso do PPC, além, é claro, de resgatar uma fala mais espontânea e menos monitorada. Por sua vez, nossa perspectiva analítica orientou-se por uma visão social da linguagem unida a pressupostos da Dialetologia, isso para possibilitar a compreensão da diversificação no uso do PPC nas diferentes regiões dialetais como uma resposta à relação imbicada que existe entre o homem (em sociedade) e sua língua. Obtivemos, ainda, contribuições teóricas advindas dos estudos da temporalidade e aspectualidade linguísticas, isso para que pudéssemos proceder à descrição dos valores associados ao uso do perfecto compuesto. O avançar dos estudos mostrou-nos que o pretérito perfecto compuesto pode ser usado de diferentes maneiras conforme as muitas regiões onde o espanhol é falado, sobretudo por ser uma forma... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Since most of the descriptions of the Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto (PPC - Este año lo hemos pasado mal) assumesageneralizingcharacter, that is, it presents the realization of the verbal form as common for all Hispanic America or, more specifically, for groups of countries that congregate different dialectal regions. We proposed a meticulous study of the realization of this phenomenon in Argentina, aiming to describe its usage and the valuesassigned to itin the dialectregionsof the country. The choiceof Argentinawas based fundamentallyontheimpression aboutthe existence of different conductswithin thedistricts of the countryand the lack ofsystematic analysisto describe andcomparethe use ofPPCin theArgentine dialectregions.In order toobtaininformation, we analyzed radiointerviewsof a majorcity in eachdialectregion, since we believethat this radiogenrecan providean appropriate linguistic context to analyze the use of thePPC. Furthermore,it suppliesamore spontaneousand lessmonitored speech. We also obtainedtheoretical contributorsarisingfrom the study oftemporary and aspectual linguistics, so thatwe couldproceed with thedescription of the valuesassociated with the use of Pretérito Perfecto Compuesto. Theprogressof the studiesshowedthatthe Pretérito Perfecto Compuestocan beused in different waysaccording tomany regionswhere Spanishis spoken, especially because it isanaturally polissemic form.Specifically relating to Argentina, we found, in general, the existenceof the values of present-perfect, immediate past,results, experience,persistence,absolute past and preterit perfect occurring in thecorpus wecompiled.However, asweturn towardsthe specific analysisof each dialecticregionsof the country,wenotethatall valuesare not always presented and not all carry the same intensity.Thus, view... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Francinery.pdf: 1564197 bytes, checksum: 47624b983ddf0e9f58647d1315e3c4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-15 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The present study is to record aspects of the Amazon speak from the analysis of palatal phonemes /λ/ and /ҁ/, in the municipalities of Itapiranga and Silves (part of the Middle Amazonas), based on the methodology of sociolinguistics and geolinguistic. The investigation has been on the spot from the application of a questionnaire and direct through conversations, with the use of a recorder. The data was be transcribed phonetically and records examined by letters in language. Was be selected six (6) informants in each city, a total of twelve (12), being a man and a woman in the age groups 18 to 35 years, 36 to 55 and 56 onwards, with education only up to the 4th. primary school, according to the criteria geolinguistic and sociolinguistic. By observing the use of these variants occur with the behavior of these phonemes within these language communities. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo registrar aspectos do falar amazônico a partir da análise dos fonemas palatais /λ/ e /ҁ/, nos municípios de Itapiranga e Silves (parte do Médio Amazonas), com base na metodologia da Sociolinguística e da Geolinguística. A investigação deu-se in loco, a partir da aplicação de um questionário direto e por meio de conversação livre, com a utilização de um gravador. Os dados foram transcritos foneticamente e examinados através de registros em cartas lingüísticas. Foram selecionados seis (6) informantes em cada município, num total de doze (12), sendo um homem e uma mulher nas faixas etárias de 18 a 35 anos, 36 a 55 anos e 56 em diante, com escolaridade máxima até a 4ª. série do Ensino Fundamental, conforme os critérios geolinguisticos e sociolinguísticos. Através da observação do emprego dessas variantes, verificou-se o comportamento desses fonemas dentro das comunidades lingüísticas em foco.

This thesis provides an extensive overview of the main linguistic features of coastal Dhofārī Arabic, the southern-most governorate in the Sultanate of Oman, and in particular the historical Arabic-speaking communities found on its coastal plain. The study is subdivided into key sections on phonology, morphology, local and temporal relations, adverbs and particles, and syntax. It also examines some of the features identified by these sections in a separate chapter on grammaticalization theory, seeking to explain the diachronic development of function words, as well as their synchronic usage in coastal Dhofārī Arabic today. A brief lexicon is given, based on the Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte / Word Atlas of Arabic Dialects (WAD) semantic lexical categories, and supplemented with further lexical data from questionnaire and free speech recordings. The study finds that coastal Dhofārī Arabic shares common features with the Arabic dialects spoken in neighbouring Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and with the northern Arabic dialects of the Sultanate of Oman. It preserves the voiced and voiceless interdental phonemes /θ/, and /ð/, retains the voiceless uvular plosive /q/, and demonstrates variable levels of the vowel raising feature Imāla, which is found in other coastal communities within Arabia. Morphologically, it is typical of northern Omani Arabic dialects by its retention of more complex patterns of feminine plural agreement, both for human referents and for non-human referents. It exhibits feminine plural agreement for personal and demonstrative pronouns, and in the latter there are two separate forms of the pronoun which may indicate traces of a more complex, historical gender and number agreement system. These conservative agreement patterns are also found with verb inflection, where coastal Dhofāri still retains the plural feminine inflection morphology. Unlike the northern Arabic dialects of Oman, this dialect retains only vestiges of the ablaut passive voice, similar to that of its closest neighbouring dialect of Yemeni Arabic in Wadi Ḥaḍramawt, with which there are also strong historical relations. In terms of grammaticalization, this dialect has prominent tense / aspect / and mood verbal prefixes such as the /bi-/ continuous aspect verb prefix, the /bā-/ future marker, and the particles /ʕād/ and /qad/, in common with southern Arabian dialects extending into the Saudi Arabian Nejd, and also with some of the Modern South Arabian Languages. Its use of the analytic genitive possessive linkers /ḥaqq/ and /māl/ are notably more prominent that was previously thought, and warrant further investigation into their functional, grammatical roles. Despite the rich array of features found in this dialect, it faces strong pressure from MSA, and many of the original communities that spoke this dialect have been resettled as part of regional development since the 1970s. It is hoped therefore that this account of CDA will generate interest in its future study as well.

As an afterword and outlook, this concise paper reviews and summarizes Swahili studies with a focus on its different historical stages. The author brings together different perspectives on Swahili based on dominant directions in Swahili research during the 20th century and also presents an outlook on potential further directions in the study of the language, with a specific focus on dialectological and variationist studies, as also found in this special issue.

This paper examines the perceptions of Kenyans towards the way other Kenyans speak Swahili from a Folklinguistic perspective. The study involved two main tasks. In the first task, informants were provided with blank maps of the country and asked to identify areas where they thought there was a distinct way of speaking Swahili. In the second task, they were provided with the same map showing Kenyan’s eight provinces and asked to rank them in terms of correctness, attractiveness and closeness to the way they speak Swahili. The results show little or no difference between the rankings of correctness versus pleasantness of Swahili varieties. The study also shows that Kenyans do not identify with the normative variety modeled on the standardized or Kenyan coastal Swahili which is used in the schools or mass media. Similar to other studies in perceptual dialectology, the informants’ judgments were influenced by their background knowledge and stereotypes about different regions that have little or no relationship with linguistics factors per se. Unlike other studies in perceptual dialectology however, languages that are not the object of study have a strong influence on respondents’ perceptions. Beside the ethnic stereotypes that characterize Kenya’s multilingual discourse, Kenyans’ attitudes towards varieties of Swahili seem to be filtered through the lens of a competitive hegemonic language that has enjoyed historical advantage. As a result, the promotion of an idealized variety of Swahili in light of the dominance of English and the continued use of local languages is not likely to increase its acceptability as a national and official language.

Cette étude apporte un nouveau corpus à la description du paysage linguistique de Basse-Bretagne et participe de ce fait à une meilleure connaissance de la langue bretonne dans son ensemble. Les habitudes langagières constatées dans ce parler haut-vannetais seront décrites à partir d'exemples issus de langue parlée, et de langue chantée, collectés auprès de vingt-cinq locuteurs traditionnels originaires de Languidic, nés entre 1919 et 1950. Après avoir défini le terroir dialectal de ce breton, haut vannetais intérieur de transition, nous présentons son système vocalique, qui est un élément distinctif entre les parlers de ce sous-dialecte. Nous verrons quele timbre des voyelles peut être centralisé ou neutralisé selon leur quantité, qui est elle-même dépendante de celles des consonnes. Le système consonantique sera défini et exposé en tenant compte de la typologie du breton, étant une langue à mutations consonantiques. Le schéma accentuel, bien que principalement oxytonique, présente de nombreuses variations. Les mutations consonantiques des initiales s'organisent en trois principaux groupes, s'associant pour certains mutateurs, créant ainsi trois types de mutations hybrides, auxquels il faut ajouter trois mutations isolées. La morphologie et la syntaxe du parler sont exposées et tenant compte des différents usages, allant du registre familier quotidien, à la langue soutenue des chants, qui sont une des richesses de ce terroir, où les traditions orales ont su se maintenir jusqu'à nos jours. / This work presents a new study of work to the visual description of dialectology in the lower region of Brittany and participates in providing a better understanding of the Breton language in its entirety.The usages and customs of this micro-dialect from this part of Brittany known as haut-vannetais will be described from examples of spoken language and song. These are collected from twenty five traditional native speakers originally from Languidic, born between 1919 and 1950. After having defined the dialect area of this local speech, haut-vannetais in transition, we present its vocalic system, which in itself is a distinct element between different spoken sub dialects. We will see that the tone of vowels could be centralised or neutralised depending on their quantity. This also applies for the consonants. The consonantal system will be defined and exposed by considering the typology of Breton, with initial consonant mutations. The lexical stress, which is principally oxytonic presents numerous variations. There are three principal classes of mutation, three hybrid and three isolated mutations. The morphology and syntax of this sub dialect is exposed in consideration of different usages, ranging from familiar everyday language to received pronunciation used whilst singing, which give a richness to the region where the oral traditions have been retaineduntil today.

Etude descriptive du parler arabe de Salt en Jordanie. La description couvre des questions relatives à la phonologie, morphologie et à la syntaxe. Le parler de Salt est un parler de type sédentaire, du groupe levantin (sud), proche des dialectes du Horan. Il s'agit de la première description exhaustive d'une variété jordanienne. Descriptive study of the arabic dialect of Salt in Jordan. The study covers issues in phonology, morphology and syntax. The dialect of Salt is a sedentary variety and belongs to the southern levantine group. This is the first comprehensive description of a Jordanian variety

This dissertation develops a new framework for reconstructing the diversity of a language at a given historical time period. It applies this framework to the problem of reconstructing the diversity of Arabic dialects immediately prior to the Islamic conquests, which spread speakers of these dialects across much of North Africa and the Middle East. The study first establishes a theoretical framework for reconstructing historical speech communities, defined as groups of speakers linked by shared allegiance. It then analyzes the tribal and non-tribal social organization in Pre-Islamic Arabia, and provides a detailed historical overview of how the Islamic conquests contributed to the Arabization of the conquered territories. Finally, the dissertation reconstructs the linguistic history of the Arabic demonstratives, using them as a variable to determine which speech communities existed in pre-Islamic Arabic, where they were located in time and space, and how the diversity of those communities is related to the diversity of modern Arabic dialects. / text

Cette thèse se propose d'étudier deux processus phonologiques bien distincts qui sont la réduction des voyelles atones à schwa que l'on trouve dans certains dialectes italiens et le redoublement phono-syntaxique induit par l'accent (Raddoppiamento Fonosintattico), désormais RF. Il semblerait que l'existence de ces deux phénomènes (le RF induit par l'accent et la réduction vocalique) soit en distribution complémentaire puisque l'analyse du processus de (non-)réduction vocalique en coratin permettrait de mettre en lumière la motivation structurelle de cette incompatibilité. Cette thèse va mettre à jour et vérifier cette prédiction avec des données diatopiques. En effet, le coratin dispose d'une contrainte pour que les voyelles soient réalisées non réduites rendant le RF déclenché par l'accent incompatible avec les dialectes à réduction localisés situé dans la partie centre-méridionale de la péninsule. / This thesis proposes to study two distinct phonological processes that are reducing unstressed vowels to schwa found in some Italian dialects and Raddoppiamento Fonosintattico induced stress RF now. It seems that the existence of these two phenomena (RF-induced by stress and vowel reduction) is in complementary distribution since the analysis process (no-) vowel reduction coratin would highlight the structural motivation of the inconsistency. This thesis will update and verify the prediction with diatopic data. Indeed, coratin has a constraint that the vowels are carried unreduced making RF triggered by stress incompatible with reducing localized dialects located in the central-southern part of the peninsula.