En 1953, le linguiste Antenor Nascentes proposa la classique division dialectale du Brésil en deux grands parlers : le Nord, subdivisé lui-même en trois autres parlers – « amazônico, nordestino et baiano » ; et les parlers du Sud : « fluminense, mineiro et sulista ». Outre ces subdivisions, il considéra une aire nommée territoire atypique. L’Alagoas, une des neuf unités fédératives du Nord-Est du Brésil, d’une surface d’environ 27 000 km2, est le deuxième plus petit état du pays en superficie. Dans la division de Nascentes, il s’insère dans le subparler « nordestino ». En considérant la proposition de Nascentes, et appuyée sur les approches théoriques et méthodologiques de la Géolinguistique (DAUZAT, 1922) et Dialectologie Pluridimensionnelle (THUN, 1998), cette thèse, grâce à un atlas linguistique, a pour objectif de vérifier si l’État d’Alagoas se situe dans le subparler « nordestino ». L’Atlas linguistique d’Alagoas (ALEAL) produit de cette recherche, documente et décrit la réalité linguistique des locuteurs résidant dans la zone urbaine de l’État cité ci-dessus, dans son espace délimité et en tenant compte prioritairement des différences diatopiques dans leur aspects phoniques, lexico-sémantiques et morpho-syntatiques. Le réseau composé de 21 localités suit les orientations de Nascentes (1958). Dans chaque localité deux informateurs ont été enquêtés, un homme et une femme dont les tranches d’âge se situent entre 30 et 50 ans, analphabètes et /ou ayant un niveau de scolarité élémentaire . Pour l’analyse de l’influence du facteur de l’âge sur les réponses, dans 7 localités parmi les plus anciennes de cet état, 4 informateurs de deux tranches d’âge – 30 à 50 ans et 55 à 75 ans – ont été interrogés. Les questionnaires appliqués sont ceux utilisés dans l’Atlas linguistique du Brésil (AliB). L’ALEAL regroupe deux volumes : dans le premier on trouve l’introduction, l’hypothèse, les objectifs, la méthodologie et les approches théoriques relatives à la Géolinguistique et la Dialectologie. Dans ce même volume on trouve également les principes théoriques concernant la motivation lors de la création lexicale (Guiraud, Dalbera, Alinei, Contini, parmi les principaux auteurs). Ces théories sont à la base de l’analyse de certaines désignations enregistrées par les informateurs de l’ALEAL. L’étude motivationnelle, dont l’objectif est de vérifier si le signe linguistique est motivé au moment de sa genèse, concerne trois champs sémantiques : la faune, quelques phénomènes climatiques et atmosphériques, et quelques plantes et des produits dérivés de celles-ci. Ces données de l’ALEAL sont comparées aux mêmes référents enregistrés dans différents atlas régionaux brésiliens, à l’AliB, à l’Atlas linguistique roman (ALIR), et à l’Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE). Dans le deuxième volume se trouvent les cartes phonétiques, lexicales et morpho-syntatiques. Dans la base des données recueillies, au moins deux faits linguistiques certifient la division dialectale de Nascentes : dans l’aire enquêtée prédominent les voyelles moyennes prétoniques ouvertes ; quant aux rotiques en coda interne, on a vérifié la prédominance de la fricative vélaire sourde. Quant à l’analyse motivationnelle des désignations établies, on a avéré que toute création lexicale est motivée à l’origine. / In 1953, the linguist Antenor Nascentes proposed the classic dialectal division of Brazil in two great spoken languages: the North, subdivided into three other spokes – “amazônico, nordestino and baiano”; And the Southern languages: "fluminense, mineiro and sulista". In addition to these subdivisions, he considered an area known as atypical territory. Alagoas, one of the nine federative units in northeastern Brazil, with a surface area of about 27,000 km2, is the second smallest state in the country. In the division of Nascentes, it is inserted in the subparler "nordestino". The Linguistic Atlas of Alagoas (ALEAL) produces this research, documents and describes the linguistic reality of the speakers residing in the urban area of the abovementioned State, within its defined area and taking into account, as a matter of priority, the diatopic differences in Their phonic, lexico-semantic and morpho-syntatic aspects. The network of 21 localities follows the orientations of Nascentes (1958). In each locality two informants were interviewed, a man and a woman whose age range is between 30 and 50 years, illiterate and / or have a basic level of education. For the analysis of the influence of the age factor on the responses, four informants from two age groups - 30 to 50 and 55 to 75 - were identified in 7 of the oldest localities in this state. Interviewed. The questionnaires applied are those used in the Linguistic Atlas of Brazil (AliB). ALEAL brings together two volumes: in the first one we find the introduction, hypothesis, objectives, methodology and theoretical approaches related to Geolinguistics and Dialectology. In this same volume we also find the theoretical principles concerning motivation during lexical creation (Guiraud, Dalbera, Alinei, Contini, among the main authors). These theories form the basis of the analysis of certain designations recorded by the ALEAL informants. Motivational study, the objective of which is to verify whether the linguistic sign is motivated at the time of its genesis, concerns three semantic fields: fauna, some climatic and atmospheric phenomena, and some plants and products derived from them. These ALEAL data are compared with the same references recorded in various Brazilian regional atlases, the AliB, the Novel Linguistic Atlas (ALIR), and the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE). In the second volume are phonetic, lexical and morpho-syntatic maps. In the database, at least two linguistic facts certify the dialectal division of Nascentes: in the area surveyed predominate the open pretonic vowels; As for the roots in internal coda, the predominance of the deaf fel- lative has been verified. As for the motivational analysis of established designations, it has been found that any lexical creation is motivated at the outset.

Cette recherche veut unir deux domaines qui pour longtemps on été séparés : la dialectologie et la phonétique expérimentale et, bénéficiant de ce rapprochement, elle voudrait apporter sa contribution à une connaissance plus approfondie des dialectes du Salentin (Pouilles, Italie du sud). Nous avons analysé acoustiquement et articulatoirement certains aspects encore peu connus de certaines variétés du Salentin central (Lecce, Monteroni di Lecce, Nardò, Squinzano et Torchiarolo): le vocalisme atone et tonique et ses caractéristiques (les diphtongues métaphoniques palatale et labio-vélaire /wƐ/ et /jƐ/), ainsi que les consonnes rétroflexes. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons étudié la réalisation acoustique des voyelles toniques, en particulier, celles des voyelles moyennes antérieure et postérieure /Ɛ/ et /ɔ/ quand elles sont suivies des contextes finaux atones -i, -u et -e/-a/ ; l’action métaphonique des voyelles hautes atones finales -i et -u sur les voyelles moyennes toniques antérieure et postérieure et les processus de changement phonétique à l’origine de rétroflexes au niveau des liquides latérales (géminées en position intervocalique) et vibrantes (dans des groupes homorganiques tautosyllabiques), dans cette zone romane.Les résultats de notre analyse acoustique montrent que le vocalisme tonique de ces cinq points d’enquête est asymétrique, c’est-à-dire que la voyelle moyenne antérieure /Ɛ/ est plus fermée que la voyelle moyenne postérieure /ɔ/; le vocalisme atone ne déclenche d’action métaphonique que pour Monteroni di Lecce où la voyelle /Ɛ/ devient /e/ quand elle est suivie de la voyelle haute finale atone –i. La métaphonie trouvée par Grimaldi (2003) dans le salentin méridional est très répandue au sud extrême du Salento et au fur et à mesure que l’on va vers le nord ce processus s’estompe progressivement : nous ne nous attendions donc pas à trouver un effet de ce type dans cette zone. En ce qui concerne les rétroflexes, d’après nos analyses acoustiques, articulatoires et la littérature précédente, la transcription I.P.A. qui nous semble plus appropriée pour ces segments est [ḍ᷇z] pour le reflet de la latérale latine géminée -LL- qui est un segment cacuminal, géminé (durée de consonne plutôt long), semi-affriqué (burst plus long que pour une simple occlusive et présence de bruit de friction) et alvéolaire/post-alvéolaire (valeur du locus, limite inférieure du bruit, valeur du CoG et électrodes activées dans l’étude éléctropalatographique); les groupes consonantiques [ṭṣ__] et [ṭ :ṣ__]sont des segments cacuminaux, simple et long respectivement (durée totale des groupes consonantiques), affriqués (bruit de friction plutôt long) et alvéolaires/post-alvéolaires (sur la base de la valeur du locus, la limite inférieure du bruit et la valeur du CoG et les électrodes activées dans l’étude éléctropalatographique). / This study makes an attempt to unify two fields which have been separated for a long time : dialectology and experimental phonetics. Benefiting from this approach, our research aims at contributing to provide a deeper knowledge of Sallentine dialectes (Apulia, southern Italy).We analysed acoustically and articulatory some unknonwn aspects of some varieties of central Sallentine (Lecce, Monteroni di Lecce, Nardò, Squinzano et Torchiarolo): unstressed and stressed vocalism and its characteristics (metaphonical palatal and labio-velar diphtongues / wƐ/and /jƐ/ ), as well as retroflex consonants. Specifically, we studied the acoustic realisations of stressed anterior and posterior vowels /Ɛ/ / and /ɔ/ when they are followed by final unstressed vowels -i, -u and -e/-a/; the metaphonic action of unstressed vowels -i and -u on stressed anterior and posterior vowels as well as the phonetic processes concerning lateral liquids (geminate in intervocalic position) and trills (in homorgamical tautosyllabic groups) in this Romance area. Acoustical results show that stressed vocalism at all research points is asymmetric, the anterior vowel /Ɛ/ being closer than the posterior one /ɔ/; unstressed vocalism causes metaphonic action only in Monteroni di Lecce where /Ɛ/ becomes /e/ when it is followed by a final unstressed vowel –i. As metaphony found by Grimaldi (2003) in the southern Sallentine is present in the extreme South of Salento but seems to disappear progressively towards the North, we didn’t except to find this type of effect in this zone. About retroflexes, following our acoustical, articulatory analysis and previous literature, appropriate I.P.A. transcription for these segments is ḍ᷇z] for Latin lateral geminate output -LL- which is a cacuminal, geminate segment (consonant total duration), semi-affricate (longer burst than in plosive and presence of friction noise) and alveolar/post-alveolar (based on locus value, inferior noise limit, CoG value and activated electrodes in the electropalatographic study); consonantal clusters [ṭṣ__] and [ṭ :ṣ__] are cacuminal, simple and long segments respectively (consonant total duration), affricative (long burst) and alveolar/post-alveolar (locus value, inferior noise limit, CoG value and activated electrodes in the electropalatographic study).

Sociolinguists have discussed problematic language ideologies, such as Standard Language Ideology (Lippi-Green 1997) extensively and social perceptions of Standard English in the U.S and U.K are well documented. However, most work in this area has focused on perceptions of dialects within national contexts. This study makes a novel contribution to the study of language attitudes, investigating perceptions of British regional dialects within the U.S. A survey was created to gauge perceptions of five British regional dialects (Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, Newcastle, London). 49 survey participants listened to audio clips of British regional dialect speakers and then completed a mapping activity, answered perception questions, and ranked each speaker on specific qualities. Results showed that speaker region had a significant effect on perception of almost all variables at a statistically significant rate, despite unfamiliarity with all but the London dialect. Results suggest that although participants are largely unfamiliar with varieties of English in England outside of London, they assessed them by recruiting pre-existing stereotypes about vernacular dialects.

No description available.

In this study, two experiments are conducted to study language regard of Utah English. Experiment 1 is a draw-a-map study wherein participants were asked to mark areas on a map to of Utah where people speak differently (Preston 1989; Bucholtz et al. 2007). Experiment 2 uses a new research method, referred to here as a "perceptual audio survey". With this method, participants are asked to listen to recordings of native English speakers and identify where in Utah the speaker is likely from (Preston 1996:320-328; Cramer & Montgomery 2016:11). Crucially though, the speakers used in this experiment were from throughout the United States and not limited to Utah. Although participants were not explicitly deceived into believing these speakers were native Utahns, this is greatly implied. Generally, speakers with features of Southern United States English (SUSE) are far more likely to be placed in rural areas. The data also shows that participants favored placing age 20-49 speakers in urban areas and age 50+ speakers away from urban centers. The data from both experiments is cross-examined, revealing certain perceptual alignments and misalignments held by Utahns. Although speakers with features of SUSE are placed in rural areas, there is no objective linguistic evidence to show that speakers in these areas have features of SUSE. This illustrates that features of SUSE are indexed as being part of rural regions of Utah by Utahns. Other regions of Utah, namely the Wasatch Front and St. George, are labeled as "California" in the draw-a-map task. When presented with California English speakers in Experiment 2, however, participants mainly placed these speakers along the Wasatch Front and not St. George. So, perceptions of certain regions don't necessarily align across experiments. Overall, this study has a great deal to contribute to the ongoing studies of Utah English, language regard, and perceived Southern-ness in certain regions of rural America (Hall-Lew & Stephens 2012; Podesva et al. 2015).

No description available.

Bibliography: leaves 232-239 / This thesis investigates the various language varieties of Venda. In traditional descriptions, researchers were mainly concerned with linguistic differences which characterised the socalled Venda 'dialects'. These are spoken forms which are mutually intelligible to one another and which occur within identifiable regional boundaries. Each of these forms in turn, is mutually intelligible to the so-called standard form, commonly known as Tshiphani. Various factors contributed to the evolvement of · the Venda dialects and, as this study shows, in some cases these factors are historical in nature and in others, they are determined by adjacent ethnic groups of people. The linguistic differences which characterise each of these dialects are identified and discussed. It is then argued that the term 'dialect' is far too restricted to account for the various spoken forms which characterise the Venda language, and the term 'language variety' is introduced to deal with the shortcomings of the traditional approach to language differences. The nature of different spoken forms is then discussed within the ambit of the definition of 'language varieties'. This is a term used in general linguistic studies and accounts for the many different forms that may characterise a language.+ To this end, a detailed discussion is presented of the social rural and urban varieties which are found in Venda. Some of these varieties are secretive in nature, and are not generally known to the general public. They include language varieties which characterise various institutions such as murundu, vhutuka, musevhetho, vhusha, thondo and domba . Then there are those varieties which are referred to as 'open' rural varieties which are not, generally speaking secretive in nature, for example those which characterise traditional religious beliefs, taboo forms, and those referred to as musanda and malombo. Finally, reference is made to the language varieties which permeate urban as well as rural areas, including those of divination, the church, tsotsitaal, gender, a variety which is referred to as the the linguistic restriction variety and finally the varieties used in the courtroom as well as that used by politicians. / African Languages / D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)

The runic alphabet in the Viking Age (ca. 800-1100) only consisted of 16 characters. These did not cover the Rune-Swedish phoneme system. One of the runes, the so-called os-rune, was used for at least 8 different phonemes. By tradition it has been used to date Viking Age runic inscriptions in the Scandinavian countries. The present work investigates the phonetic and phonemic value of the os-rune in Rune-Swedish inscriptions on stone, altogether 1,745 instances in 961 inscriptions. On the basis of the analysis, the accepted view of the chronological value of the os-rune is assessed, and is found to be non-valid. The regional variations in the use of the os-rune are also studied, particularly in the context of individual rune-carvers, but also to see if any dialectal variation is discernable. It is found that there is a marked consistency in the use of the os-rune for either rounded or unrounded vowels. Inscriptions, where both uses occur, are concentrated to one small geographical area. There are also areas, where the use of the os-rune for rounded vowels is the rule. / <p>Digitaliserad utgåva 2016, kompletterad med en lista över viktigare rättelser</p> / De vikingatida runinskrifternas kronologi

Perceptual dialectology studies have shown that people have strong opinions about the number and placement of dialect regions. There has been relatively little research conducted in this area on Korean, however, with early studies using only short language attitude surveys. To address this gap in research, in the present study, I use the 'draw-­?a-­?map' task to examine perceptions of language variation in Korea. I ask respondents to draw a line around places in Korea where people speak differently and provide names, examples, and comments about the language spoken in those areas. With the resulting data, I use ArcGIS 10.0 software to quantitatively identify, aggregate, and map the most salient dialect areas and categories for subjects' perceptions. I also perform a content analysis of the qualitative data provided by respondents using 'keywords.' During this process, I categorize comments and labels given by respondents to find emerging themes. Finally, I stratify perceptions of respondents by demographic factors, e.g., age, sex, and urbanicity, that have often been found to be important in language variation and change. An analysis of these data suggests that Koreans' perceptions of dialect regions are not necessarily limited by administrative boundaries. In fact, the data reveal not only perceptions of dialect variation unassociated with geographic borders, but they also tap into the way people connect ideas about language and place. Results from this study have implications for language attitudes research, perceptual dialectology methodology, and the relationship between language and place in Korea.

Diploma thesis "The Lachian of Óndra Łysohorsky as a Microlanguage" deals with literary lachian, a microlanguage, created by the poet Óndra Łysohorsky (own name Ervin Goj) and based on the upper Ostravice dialects. This language should be an attempt to create a new standard language for speakers of lachian dialects. However, the broader public did not accept it and with the exception of a short period at the end of the 30th years of the 20th century Óndra Łysohorsky was the only person, who wrote poems in lachian. It is therefore rather unique poetic idiolect. The language of Łysohorsky's poetry has not yet been explored in detail, systematic grammatical descriptions are completely lacking. The aim of this thesis is to provide a description of the morphology of this unique linguistic phenomenon. For this purpose it was created the lachian language corpus, which contains the vast majority of lachian poetic texts. A language corpus allows a more detailed elaboration of the language material, therefore it was possible to try to sort grammatically all the vocabulary of literary lachian. Each of the paradigmatic types is followed by the list of all the words (which we can determine) inflected according to this declination or conjugation model. Besides the morphological description the thesis tries to...