西日本にある関西弁はたくさん色々な形で標準語と異なる。関西弁は１９７０年代の後に、全国で人気を得た。この社会言語学の研究の目的は現在の関西弁に対する感情を調査することである。これは関西弁の話し手ではなくて日本語の母語話者に配ったアンケートで調査された。質的また量的な分析である。結果は一般的に関西弁に好意的であったが、人気がある理由もいろいろあり、それらをさぐるために歴史的なそして文化的な見方を通して議論する。

Au travers des dialectes italo-romans méridionaux et salentins, cette thèse met la cladistique au service de la dialectologie, la cladistique étant une méthode de classification principalement liée à l'étude phylogénétique et typologique des espèces vivantes. L'essentiel de la recherche porte sur l'étude des différents diasystèmes dialectaux qui se dégagent de l'analyse cladistique appliquée au domaine Italo-Roman Méridional. Après une première étude d'ordre sociolinguistique qui décrit le niveau de diglossie et le degré d'utilisation du dialecte dans l'espace salentin, cette thèse parcourt l'histoire des dialectes IRM et l'histoire de la dialectologie Italo-Romane, depuis les premiers essais de classification dialectale. Deux corpus différents ont été utilisés: dans un premier temps, un corpus obtenu à partir du dépouillement de l'ALI, et qui a servi à l'analyse du domaine IRM en général. L’espace dialectal pris en considération comprend la Campanie, la Basilicate, les Pouilles, le Salento, la Sardaigne, la Sicile et la Calabre. Dans chacune de ces régions nous avons sélectionné 3 points selon le principe d’équidistance. Les mots témoins relevés sont au nombre de 20. Le deuxième corpus, obtenu suite à un questionnaire réalisé dans la région du Salento par l'auteur même, se compose de 35 variables et six points d’enquête. Celui-ci a été construit en tenant compte de certains critères sociologiques que la méthode cladistique nous a permis d'intégrer dans notre analyse. Les résultats obtenus n'ont pas le but de bouleverser les classifications pré-existantes, mais de donner une vision plus structurante des aires dialectales étudiées en mettant en avant la diversité de leur structure interne. / Through the Southern Italo-Romance and Salentinian dialects this thesis aims at using cladistics to the service of dialectology. One must understand the cladistics as a means of classification mainly linked to the phylogenetic and typological study of animal and plant species. Most of the research focuses on the study of various dialectal diasystems that emerge from the cladistic analysis applied to the Southern Italo-Romance field. From a sociolinguistic point of view after a first study which describes the level of diglossia and the degree of use of the dialect in the Salentinian area, this thesis travels through the history of the Southern Italo-Romance dialects as well as the history of the Romance Italian dialectology since the first attempts to classify the dialects. Two different corpuses have been used. The first one was obtained after the studying of the ILA and it helped the analysis of the Southern Italo-Romance field as a whole. The dialectal area taken into account include Campania, Basilicata, Apulia, Salento, Sardinia, Sicily and Calabria. In each of these regions we have chosen three points according to an equidistant structure. We have selected 20 witness words. As for the second corpus, it was achieved through a questionnaire the author herself made in the Salento area and it is composed of 35 variables and six geographical points. The latter has been created on the basis of some sociologic criteria that the cladistic method had us to include into the analysis. The results we obtained don't imply to question the previous classifications but it allows a more formative vision of the dialectal fields studied by underlining the diversity of its own structure.

The current study implements a speech perception experiment that interrogates local perceptions of Spanish varieties in Miami. Participants (N=292) listened to recordings of three Spanish varieties (Peninsular, Highland Colombian, and Post-Castro Cuban) and were given background information about the speakers, including the parents’ country of origin. In certain cases, the parents’ national-origin label matched the country of origin of the speaker, but otherwise the background information and voices were mismatched. The manipulation distinguishes perceptions determined by bottom-up cues (dialect) from top-down ones (social information). Participants then rated each voice for a range of personal characteristics and answered hypothetical questions about the speakers’ employment, family, and income. Results show clear top-down effects of the social information that often drive perceptions up or down depending on the traits themselves. Additionally, the data suggest differences in perceptions between Hispanic/non-Hispanic and Cuban/non-Cuban participants, although the Cuban participants do not drive the Hispanic participants’ perceptions.

This study examines Slovak dialect perceptions from 311 participants in 9 municipalities in Slovakia. Data were collected between 2016 and 2017, utilizing a map task, degree of difference ratings, and other Likert scale tasks to assess participants’ perceptions of and attitudes about dialects in Slovakia. Participants received blank maps of Slovakia on which to elicit participants’ perceptions of where isoglosses (dialect boundaries) lie. They drew their own isoglosses and were asked to label each dialect region contained within them. Content Analysis was used to code each label for semantic field in order to create composite maps for each label. After analyzing data from each municipality separately, 22 salient categories emerged. To be determined salient in this study, a category had to be marked by at least ten percent of participants per municipality. The most salient boundaries that emerged from this study were those between central (“correct”) Slovak and “other,” “not central” Slovak; those between “The East” and the rest of Slovakia, and those between “The South” (or, more accurately, “The Hungarian South”) and the rest of Slovakia. This thesis explores those ideologies in detail, and takes Nitra as a case study for the discussion.

This study, called Dialect caipira, deals with one of the dialect of Brazilian Portuguese language, its historical and sociological formation and its linguistic characteristics. The first chapter contains the interpretation of dialect and dialectology in line with studies undertaken in this area. It represents the evolution of dialectological research from neogrammarians until today. It includes theory of variability of William Labov, who departs from the traditional synchronous approach to language as it was a homogeneous subject of study, and carries out researches, which include variable use of language and its linguistic, stylistic, and social determinants. According to Chambers and Trudghill are introduced social strata with which we encounter in the study of language, and which have in some circumstances, the general tendency to use certain styles of speech. At the end of the first chapters are set out terms that will be used during the work. The second chapter deals with the colloquial Brazilian Portuguese. It outlines the historical formation of the language in Brazil and social factors that influenced it. It represents the emergence of language lingua geral, an artificial language created by Jesuit missionaries for evangelization. This language has been widely used in the first centuries...

This overview paper aims to present general approaches to variation in Swahili, both from a structural/typological and from a sociolinguistic angle. Recently, building upon earlier dialectological studies of Swahili, varieties in the periphery have been the focus of scholarly attention, as well as urban dialects from East Africa and Swahili in the diaspora. This introductory paper intends to summarize some of the approaches and directions that address the geographical and sociolinguistic diversity of Swahili, studied from different angles. These include both traditional approaches (descriptive sketches, dialectological and dialectometrical analyses, lexicostatistics etc.) and more recent directions in Bantu studies, such as micro-parametric analysis in the field of microvariation. Moreover, current (socio)linguistic trends are discussed, which mostly deal with language contact, diversity and change in touristic settings, in relation to new media, and in regard to youth language practices, or with new approaches to urban fluidity such as metrolingualism and translanguaging. In this contribution, we aim to give an overview of current trends in the study of Swahili by analyzing processes of linguistic and scholarly diversification and variation in the Swahili-speaking world.

The pioneers and settlers of the Oregon Territory were not of one ilk. They came from various places and brought their separate speech patterns with them. This study sought to identify which major North American English dialect was present in the first half of the 20th century in Oregon. Analysis relied on the descriptions for the Southern, Northern, Midlands, and Western dialects. Some dialect features have acoustic measurements attached to their descriptions, and others do not. The analytical process was based on acoustic measurements for vowel classes and individual tokens, as well as global observations about the place of a particular class means within the larger vowel system. Findings indicate weak presence of Southern and Western speech patterns. The Northern and Midlands dialects were present, but they were not advanced. No single dialect predominated. Part of the process attempted to find a dialect diagnosis to help determine a one-step indicator as to which dialect may be present. Observations implied that the front/back relation of /e/ and /o/ is a reliable dialect indicator.

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